tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5379991015144411612024-03-09T18:46:34.096-08:00Eclectic (at Best)Arkansas, Vienna, 1930's, public policy, Fayetteville, little known people in history, Sen. Fulbright, Birch Bay, and German immigration. Certainly, the blog is eclectic (at best).Dan Durninghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10639064524903151404noreply@blogger.comBlogger194125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-537999101514441161.post-73604757646233837202022-04-23T12:15:00.000-07:002022-04-23T12:15:26.645-07:00The Emergence of Little Rock’s Community of German Speakers<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">In the decades
before the Civil War, the few ethnic German immigrants who chose to live in
Little Rock were unable to form social relationships like those they had
enjoyed in their home countries.<b><span style="color: red;">[1] </span></b>The immigrants
who spoke little or no English were isolated from the activities of native-born
city residents and, because of their small numbers, they did not have – with minor
exceptions – their own German-language clubs, associations, churches, or other
groups, nor did they have their own spaces and events where they casually
interacted with each other.<b><span style="color: red;">[2] </span></b>As a
result,<span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span>until they
mastered English and adapted to the culture that surrounded them, these “small
souls” had social lives that took place largely within families or a circle of
German-speaking neighbors and friends.<b><span style="color: red;">[3]</span></b></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="color: red;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxoN6H5zkozOOJLuWnT-trHX7CGg4eNHiIWWoPOyI0jFv9bz6zcpjqudfPYMrS8CUj9pVUMGkNKHqb5rmdyHzmAlhwV_w3wZ2egIi6z4EAWtmtbqnNzaWkGRYeSwM1SamN3g31_8E8jeR7xl-cSbAaxCg-zEPKaN_qMlIaNKzsdLce4bDR0Y4bMVxn/s1112/Fisher-henryArkansas_true_Democrat_1862-02-20_5.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="964" data-original-width="1112" height="277" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxoN6H5zkozOOJLuWnT-trHX7CGg4eNHiIWWoPOyI0jFv9bz6zcpjqudfPYMrS8CUj9pVUMGkNKHqb5rmdyHzmAlhwV_w3wZ2egIi6z4EAWtmtbqnNzaWkGRYeSwM1SamN3g31_8E8jeR7xl-cSbAaxCg-zEPKaN_qMlIaNKzsdLce4bDR0Y4bMVxn/s320/Fisher-henryArkansas_true_Democrat_1862-02-20_5.png" width="320" /></a></span></b></span></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">This situation
changed during the 1860s after the Civil War triggered population movements
that increased the city’s population from 3,727 at the start of the decade to
12,380 at its end.<b><span style="color: red;">[4] </span></b>Among the newcomers were ethnic
German immigrants whose numbers grew from 175 in 1860 to 494 in 1870.<b><span style="color: red;">[5]</span></b> By 1867, the count of ethnic Germans living in
Little Rock was large enough for them to set up their own secular and religious
organizations.<b><span style="color: red;">[6]</span></b><b><span style="color: red; line-height: 200%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">The drive to
establish German-language clubs and associations in Little Rock came in large
part from immigrants who had settled there after the Union army occupied the
city in September 1863.<b><span style="color: red;"> </span></b>Most of these
newcomers had moved to the city from other states, mainly in the East and
Midwest, to which they had originally emigrated.<b><span style="color: red;">[7] </span></b>They
quickly<b> </b>outnumbered the ethnic Germans who had lived in Little Rock at
the start of the war.<b><sup><span style="color: red;"> </span></sup></b>By 1870, they comprised 138
of the 180 ethnic German families living in the city (about 77 percent) and 163
of the 173 single ethnic German residents (94 percent).<b><span style="color: red;">[8]<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikj0dDQt9iHztkRXXEcMkgooT_l7gyMK76qA9LKEJrpasAmE_ObrlbYOKFEKkdvJZ3S-vSSq2P1QvMmadOrrHvlT33aJ3f4FR598otM7NaVbpapKDcwiN2QsC-8_Qh2oK-zyCsI31h7hfIArHf9Vn1Sn1RdfxH0gF_DSDhqk3ewrDz4wqPoRuDmJW-/s732/Oldshoplinzel.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="448" data-original-width="732" height="245" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikj0dDQt9iHztkRXXEcMkgooT_l7gyMK76qA9LKEJrpasAmE_ObrlbYOKFEKkdvJZ3S-vSSq2P1QvMmadOrrHvlT33aJ3f4FR598otM7NaVbpapKDcwiN2QsC-8_Qh2oK-zyCsI31h7hfIArHf9Vn1Sn1RdfxH0gF_DSDhqk3ewrDz4wqPoRuDmJW-/w400-h245/Oldshoplinzel.jpg" title="Gun Store of A.E. Linzel" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gun Store of A.E. Linzel</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">On average, the
newcomers were younger than the immigrants who had resided in Little Rock
before 1860, and they had different life experiences and expectations for their
futures. One expectation, stoked by living in larger U.S. cities with active
ethnic German enclaves, was that they would have social lives beyond the
boundaries of the English-speaking society, enjoying familiar activities such
as singing, shooting, dancing, and drinking with their fellow German speakers.
Toward that end, many of the newcomers led an effort to replicate the social
life in clubs and associations (the Vereinswesen) that was pervasive in the German
states from which most had emigrated.<b><span style="color: red;">[9] </span></b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">The city’s first
German-language association, created in late 1866 or early 1867, was the Men’s
Choir (Männerchor),
a singing group long popular in the German Confederation.<b><span style="color: red;">[10]</span></b> A
few months later, ethnic Germans opened a Turnverein, followed during
the next few years by marksmen clubs and the German-language lodges of two
secret societies, the United Ancient Order of Druids and the <a name="OLE_LINK3">Independent
Order of Red Men</a>.<b><span style="color: red;">[11] </span></b>Numerous additional<b> </b>secular
German-language clubs and associations would spring up in the years that
followed.<b><span style="color: red;">[12] <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">While a few old-timers joined the newcomers in establishing secular clubs and associations for
German speakers, others led an initiative to enable Lutherans, who comprised a
majority of the city’s ethnic German population, to have their own Church<span style="line-height: 200%;">.
</span>Several prominent German-speaking immigrants, most of them
long-time residents, met in the home of Charles and Fredericka Reichardt Miller
in Fall 1868 to plan the new church<span style="line-height: 200%;">.</span> On December 15, 1868, this group with a few additions adopted a
constitution creating the German Evangelical Lutheran Church<span style="line-height: 200%;">.</span><b><span style="color: red;">[13]
</span></b>The new congregation quickly constructed a church building,
dedicated in March 1870, and then erected a building for its German-language
school.<b><span style="color: red;">[14]</span></b> After an immigration surge beginning in the
late 1870s that swelled the number of German speaking Catholics in Little Rock,
local church leaders built St. Edward Catholic Church, dedicated in 1885, to
host German-language services and a German-language school.<b><span style="color: red;">[15]</span></b></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="color: red;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg5NtTVqn6jfUQQ5eJmU5T80GsJ0PYSQBq7hedjgZsJy55ElZ3VRzrpAIXZoyKCME6EpXBez_Z6pMnuufULv5Y4gdYDT2MaW06gx24YPlmA0XZwD6GOZQqWwiXwg0QuDBzmoZQf7YoBkGhqmqV-n-M3c7AdIaLVBS5iAnDqCe30pxV3Am7b_hYKLf-/s1057/Arkansas_Freie_Presse_1876-07-01_4%20(1).png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1057" data-original-width="764" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg5NtTVqn6jfUQQ5eJmU5T80GsJ0PYSQBq7hedjgZsJy55ElZ3VRzrpAIXZoyKCME6EpXBez_Z6pMnuufULv5Y4gdYDT2MaW06gx24YPlmA0XZwD6GOZQqWwiXwg0QuDBzmoZQf7YoBkGhqmqV-n-M3c7AdIaLVBS5iAnDqCe30pxV3Am7b_hYKLf-/w289-h400/Arkansas_Freie_Presse_1876-07-01_4%20(1).png" width="289" /></a></span></b></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="color: red;"><br /></span> <o:p></o:p></b></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Among the German
speakers in Little Rock were Jews, whose numbers surged in the aftermath of the
Civil War. Unlike observant Lutherans and Catholics, Jews were not expected to
avoid secret societies or the Turnverein, and many – both old timers and recent
arrivals – were active in them even as they helped assemble the B’nai Israel
congregation (chartered in 1867) and build a synagogue (opened in 1872). Soon
after the congregation formed, several Jewish merchants started the Concordia
Association (1868) to hold social and cultural events, and they founded a local
chapter of the International Order of B’nai B’rith (1871), a secret society.<b><span style="color: red;">[16] </span></b>Although
these organizations were not exclusively for German speakers, more than
ninety percent of the early members of the synagogue and the Jewish clubs were
ethnic Germans.<b><span style="color: red;">[17] <o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">These Jewish
groups in which German was commonly spoken joined Little Rock’s new
German-language secular and Christian religion-based organizations as the core
of the active community of German speakers that emerged in the late 1860s.
Other elements of the community included a German language newspaper providing community
members with relevant news and the different spaces and events where German
speakers regularly came together.<b><span style="color: red;">[18]</span></b> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">Among the spaces
where German speakers often encountered each other were the city’s many ethnic
German-owned businesses, including a disproportional share of Little Rock’s
grocery stores, dry goods stores, and liquor stores.<b><span style="color: red;">[19]
</span></b>Other important spaces for them were<b> </b>the City Garden, Papa
Geyer’s Beer Garden, and Jacobi’s Grove, where German speakers socialized while
enjoying family outings, and saloons owned by ethnic Germans where hard
drinkers shared shots. German speakers also assembled at beer gardens, the
Concordia Hall, and, after 1884, the Turner Hall for their own dances, dinners,
and balls, and they attended concerts, plays, and lectures at the latter two
venues.<b><span style="color: red;">[20] </span></b>Also, a few of them staged,
and many took part in, an annual Maifest celebration and an annual masquerade ball, both of which ethnic Germans
held in Little Rock well into the twentieth century. <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk71HPcvnjV4sreCyv0a0NQVUrCdPufY-7dh1utJghBvJATdS9HyJSopNnqfWPsCZkQHJQ2QswGBZwcsFHLuobRQAENhondiATNcRtYKJAsJk2kzhY4OfVrsp_QhAIWZD_8_N2QInSmEHl-U7ukPQ5-8GJHOYNTtgdgAIJOGLz3c9PbUErrSl7WE-T/s4169/Arkansas_Democrat_Mon__Mar_14__1892_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3973" data-original-width="4169" height="382" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk71HPcvnjV4sreCyv0a0NQVUrCdPufY-7dh1utJghBvJATdS9HyJSopNnqfWPsCZkQHJQ2QswGBZwcsFHLuobRQAENhondiATNcRtYKJAsJk2kzhY4OfVrsp_QhAIWZD_8_N2QInSmEHl-U7ukPQ5-8GJHOYNTtgdgAIJOGLz3c9PbUErrSl7WE-T/w400-h382/Arkansas_Democrat_Mon__Mar_14__1892_.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Little Rock Turnverein, 1892</td></tr></tbody></table><br /> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: medium;">The elements of
the community that brought German speakers together helped overcome deep divisions within the German speaking
population caused by differences in country of origin (see footnote 1),
religion, wealth, social status, education, political views, and other
characteristics.<b><span style="color: red;">[21]
</span></b>In spite of the many differences, Little Rock’s German
speakers were able to create their own<b> </b>“Little Germany,” in which ethnic
Germans, regardless of their English proficiency, could live comfortable lives
among people who shared their language and values. In their ethnic enclave,
they were no longer “small souls,” but a group that enjoyed their own culture
and customs, promoted their own values, and, when needed, protected their own
interests.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="color: red;"> </span></b><b>ENDNOTES</b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">1. “Ethnic German immigrants” were first-generation
German-speakers who had similar cultural characteristics and values whether
born in one of the states of the German Confederation (before 1871), Germany
(after 1870), Austria, Switzerland, or German communities within Denmark
(Schleswig-Holstein), France (Alsace), Poland (Galicia), or elsewhere. When
asked their “country of birth” as part of the 1870 U.S. Census, the 589 ethnic
Germans living in Pulaski County named, among others, Prussia (227 persons),
Baden (76), Bavaria (42), Saxony (33), Hanover (31), <a name="OLE_LINK1">Württemberg</a>
(31), Austria (25), Switzerland (22), Bohemia (15), Poland (13) and Hesse (11).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">2. The exceptions included the Little Rock City Garden, also
later known as the Dutch Garden, opened by ethnic German immigrant Alexander
George and his brothers in 1840 where guests could sit outside and enjoy
various drinks, including beer brewed by the George brothers. Also, German
speakers could attend German-language religious services conducted by Reverend
William H. C. Yeager in the 1840s at the Christ Church (Episcopal). In
addition, an ethnic German “Singer Bund,” formed at least briefly in the late
1850s. See “Little Rock City Garden,” <i>Weekly Ark. Gazette</i>, Apr. 23, 1840, p. 3;
“Brewery,” <i>Weekly Ark. Gazette</i>, Feb. 3, 1841, p. 2; and “Ball at James’ Hall,”
<i>Ark. True Democrat</i>, Feb. 2, 1861, p. 3.
Also see Michael Dougan, <i>Arkansas Odyssey</i>, Rose Publishing Co, 1994, p.
137.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">A few ethnic Germans who spoke good English and became
successful businessmen joined the city’s leading citizens as members of English
language secret societies. For example, William George, Francis Ditter, Henry
Fisher, and Charles Krebs were pre-Civil War members of the United Ancient
Order of Druids. "Tribute of Respect," <i>Ark. True Democrat</i>, Aug. 18,
1858, p 4. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">3. According to an editorial in the <i>Anzeiger des Westens</i>, a
newspaper published in St. Louis, "small souls” was what Americans called
Germans who lived as isolated individuals rather than as part of an organized
group. “Anzeiger des Westens, 22 October 1857, Germans and the Crisis,”
in Steven Rowan (editor and translator), <i>Germans for a Free Missouri:
Translations from the St. Louis Radical Press</i>, 1857-1862. Univ. of Missouri
Press, 1983, p. 57.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">4. During the Civil war, insecurity caused by guerilla
operations in rural areas forced many farmers and their families to move to
Little Rock. Also, freed slaves moved to the city in large numbers. After the
war, the city’s economic prospects attracted new residents from other states,
including former Union soldiers who had been stationed in Little Rock.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">5. Using 1860 and
1870 U.S. Census data, I counted the number of ethnic Germans living in Little
Rock in each of those years. For counts of the German-born population of
Pulaski County from 1860 to 1890, see Shirley Schuette, <i>Strangers to the Land:
The German Presence in Nineteenth-Century Arkansas</i>, Master’s Thesis, University
of Arkansas at Little Rock, 2005, p. 35 and <a name="OLE_LINK2">Johnathan
Wolfe, “Background on German Immigration,” <i>Ark. Historical Quarterly</i>, 25(4),
Winter 1966, p. 377.<o:p></o:p></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">6. Historian Carl
Wittke observed, “Wherever Germans settled in sufficient numbers to support
group activities, they introduced the social patterns of the fatherland, for
like all immigrant groups, they did not shed lightly the customs of the
Old World.” Carl Wittke, <i>Refugees of Revolution</i>, University of
Pennsylvania Press, 1952, p. 280.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">7. Using the household data in the 1870 U.S. Census, I
identified each ethnic German family living in Little Rock that included a son
or daughter who had been born in another state. I assumed that the birthplace
of the oldest child was the family’s previous state of residence. My count of
the previous states of residence was as follows: Tennessee 13, New York 13,
Missouri, 11, Ohio 10, Illinois 4, Pennsylvania 3, Indiana 3, California 2,
Louisiana 2, Alabama 1, Kentucky 1, and North Carolina 1. Only one ethnic
German family with children had moved to Little Rock from a German state in the
1860s. Comparable data on previous states of residence are not available for
ethnic German families without children or for single individuals who settled
in Little Rock during the 1860s.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">8. My analysis of
1860 and 1870 U.S. census data for Little Rock showed that forty-two (nearly
two-thirds) of the sixty-five ethnic German families living in Little Rock in
1860 were still there in 1870.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">9. According to Annette R. Hofmann, “In the German states, the
Vereins movement began at the close of the 18<sup>th</sup> century and
developed during the first decades of the 19<sup>th</sup> Century into a mass
movement that permeated all strata of the population.” Annette R. Hofmann, <i>The
American Turner Movement: A History from its Beginning to 2000</i>. Max Kade
German American Center, Indiana University and Purdue University, 2010, p. 47.
Wittke (1952, p, 280) noted that “in
urban centers [of the United States], large and small, Germans nurtured social
organizations of many kinds to perpetuate the life they had known at home.” The
noun word “Verein” has multiple translations depending on the context of its
use. It can refer to, among other things, a social club, association, society,
or organization. I translate, as others have, Turnverein as the “Turner
Society.”</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">10. The existence of the Männerchor was mentioned in
local newspapers when it sponsored the city’s first German Maifest celebration.
See <a name="OLE_LINK19"></a><a name="OLE_LINK20">“May Festival,” <i>Ark. Gazette</i>, May 19, 1867, p. 3 and
“Festival,” <i>Ark. Gazette</i><b>,</b> June 12, 1867, p 3.</a> In the latter
article, the author wrote, “The Maennerchor is an association of our German
citizens, banded together for social purposes; and periodically they observe
the customs of the fatherland, suggestive to the aged of the happy hours long
since gone, and affording innocent amusement to their descendants.”</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">11. Untitled Item, <b>Ark.
Gazette</b>, Dec. 16, 1868, p. 3; “Attention Sharpshooters,” <i>Ark. Gazette</i>,
Dec. 12, 1872, p. 4; and “Our Schuetzen Gilde – 1875,” <i>Ark. Democrat</i>,
Oct. 25, 1878, p. 4.<span style="color: red;"> </span>Grove No. 5 of the
United Ancient Order of Druids (UOAD) was founded on April 12, 1870. Although
many of its members were ethnic Germans, German may not have been its main
language. Aurora Grove No. 6 of the UOAD, formed in 1871 or 1872, was populated
exclusively by German-speaking members. The Arkansas Stamm No. 162 of the
Independent Order of Redmen first convened on October 15, 1871. A second lodge,
Hermann Stamm No. 163, opened on Feb. 6, 1872. See the <i>Little Rock,
Arkansas, 1872 City Directory</i>, p.18 (accessed on Ancestry.com). Also, <a name="OLE_LINK6">“U.O.A.D.,” <i>Ark. Gazette</i>, Apr. 12, 1870, p. 4. </a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">12. Among other German-language groups formed in the 1870s were the
Germania Lodge of the Knights of Honor, another secret society, and the Casino
Club, a group that sponsored frequent social events for its mostly Lutheran
membership. “City and General Items” (Casino Club), <i>Ark. Gazette</i>, Nov.
22, 1876, p. 4 and “City and General Items” (Knights of Honor), <i>Ark. Gazette</i>,
Feb. 24, 1878, p. 4.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">13. Del Schmand, <i>Heritage of the First Lutheran Church</i>.
Horton Brothers Printing Co., 1988, pp. 9-11 and <i>Goodspeed Biographical and
Historical Memoirs of Central Arkansas</i>, 1889, p. 411 (accessed on Google
Books). Schmand, citing Church records, listed 22 “charter members” of the
Lutheran Church. Of those, 14 were living in Pulaski County – most in Little
Rock -- before 1860 and another was living in Benton. Seven lived outside the
state in 1860.<a name="OLE_LINK21"> </a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">14. “A Model Church,” <i>Ark.
Gazette</i>, Apr. 7, 1888, p. 5; “German Lutherans,” <i>Ark. Gazette</i>, Sept.
9. 1888, p. 3; “Corner-Stone is to be Laid Today,” <b>Ark. Gazette</b>, July 7,
1907, p. 11; “New Lutheran School,” <i>Ark. Gazette</i>, Sept. 15, 1907, p. 4;
and <a name="OLE_LINK8">“Lutheran Church is 55 Years Old,” <i>Ark. Gazette</i>,
Dec. 15, 1923, p. 17.</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">15. <a name="OLE_LINK22"></a><a name="OLE_LINK23">“St. Edward Catholic Church,” <i>Encyclopedia
of Arkansas</i>, accessed at https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/st-edward-catholic-church-13511/</a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">16. The history of Jews in Little Rock and the rest of
Arkansas is covered comprehensively in <a name="OLE_LINK24"></a><a name="OLE_LINK25">Carolyn G. LeMaster, <i>A
Corner of the Tapestry</i>, University of Arkansas Press, 1994. Also see, “I.O.B.B.,”
<i>Ark. Gazette</i>, May 30, 1871, p. 4; “The New Synagogue,” <i>Ark. Gazette</i>,
Sept. 28, 1872, p. 4;</a> and the listing of “benevolent and secret
societies” in the 1872 Little Rock City Directory. Although
the Concordia Association board and its members were Jewish, the Concordia Hall
was a popular venue for events sponsored not only by the Association but also
by diverse non-Jewish organizations.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">17. According
to LeMaster (1994, p. 22), over ninety-nine percent of the Jews who settled in
Arkansas before and during the 1850s were from German states.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">18. A weekly German-language newspaper was published in
Little Rock starting on June 1, 1866, with an unknown final date; from Oct.
1869 to January 1871; and from Oct. 1874 to March 1876, with a suspension from
January to March 1875. The first two newspapers were named the <i>Arkansas
Staats Zeitung</i> and the third was the <i>Arkansas Freie Presse</i>. In
October 1877, another version of the <i>Arkansas Staats Zeitung</i> began
publication. It continued until 1917. An additional weekly German-language
paper, the <i>Arkansas Echo</i>, began publication in 1891 and continued until
1932. See <a name="OLE_LINK9">"The Press Gang," <i>Ark. Gazette</i>,
June 10, 1876, p. 2</a> and Kathleen Condray, <i>Das Arkansas Echo</i>. The
University of Arkansas Press, 2020.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">19. The 1872-1873 Little Rock City Directory listed businesses by category with their owners’ names. Using that information and the 1870 census, I identified businesses owned or co-owned by ethnic Germans. The count showed that 16 of 25 “Dry Goods – Retail” businesses were owned or co-owned by ethnic Germans, as were 15 of 30 “Grocers-Retail” businesses, 5 of 15 “Liquors;” and 8 of 22 “Saloons.” See “Little Rock Business Directory, 1872–1873,” <i>Pulaski County Historical Review</i>, 9(1), December 1961, pp. 57-67. In 1870, ethnic Germans made up about four percent of the total population of Little Rock and in 1880 the percentage peaked at about six percent.</span>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">20. Each of the German-language secret society lodges had
its own meeting room. Also, of course, the German Evangelical Lutheran church
had its own meeting space for the activities of its members as did St. Edward
Catholic Church after it was constructed in 1885.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">21. Because of their differences<b>, </b>ethnic Germans
often disagreed with and sometimes disliked each other. Nevertheless, in the
decade or so following the Civil War, increasing numbers of Little Rock’s ethnic
Germans came to view themselves as “Germans” who shared a common heritage.<b> </b>Eleanor
Turk observed, “The process of trans-Atlantic migration … changed Prussians,
Hessians, Bavarians, and Palatines from Central Europeans into “Germans” as
well as “Americans.” <a name="OLE_LINK11">Eleanor L. Turk, "Germans in
Kansas," <i>Kansas History</i>, 28, Spring 2005, p. 48.</a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>Dan Durninghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10639064524903151404noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-537999101514441161.post-44103391747848528952022-03-07T20:13:00.004-08:002022-03-12T08:47:41.190-08:00Growing up in Turn-of-the-Century Mondovi, WI: Life in the City<span style="font-size: large;">Grace Reese Adkins</span><div><span style="font-size: large;">“Leaves from Childhood’s Diary,” Part 4<br /></span><div><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">As I mentioned in the first post on growing up in
turn-of-the-century Mondovi, the town was a small one with 503 residents in
1890 and 1,207 in 1900. It is in Buffalo County, which shares a border (the
Mississippi River) with Minnesota. It is named after the Buffalo
River, which cuts through the southern part of the county. The city of Eau Claire lies about twenty miles to the northeast, and
Minneapolis is about 100 miles to the northwest. Of course, given its northern latitude,
Mondovi has long, cold winters.</span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhxSvASsx9TLh77NuFnaU5JZ2C0wLj8EijteGEcG-qjnz63YmzbYTDwHNMLsyjXI6oGmjF3HX7gvsEsqLGK7hWdPpYQc_0vmyf3zNymkWXAD00Jr7iskJiU52O_ZZ1mI5zZUxdRLOLaYxv7w44iVOmlYfTfonwayP9VRN3akfH-O_sFHF0EEYWlWgzA=s1073" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1073" data-original-width="1000" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhxSvASsx9TLh77NuFnaU5JZ2C0wLj8EijteGEcG-qjnz63YmzbYTDwHNMLsyjXI6oGmjF3HX7gvsEsqLGK7hWdPpYQc_0vmyf3zNymkWXAD00Jr7iskJiU52O_ZZ1mI5zZUxdRLOLaYxv7w44iVOmlYfTfonwayP9VRN3akfH-O_sFHF0EEYWlWgzA=w298-h320" width="298" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Map of Wisconsin,<br />Buffalo Co. in Red</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">In the following poem, Mrs. Adkins recalled those winters:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b>Winter</b> (Published May 6, 1937)<br />When winter came <br />To our town, <br />All the men declared <br />That their families <br />Would starve to death <br />Before spring. <br />But if, by any chance, <br />They should survive, <br />They vowed that they would never <br />Spend another winter <br />In Wisconsin.
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">Uncle Walt [Lemke], the author and
editor of the Ozark Moon column, who also grew up in Wisconsin, commented, “That’s
winter in Wisconsin all right. Thirty-five and forty degrees below zero. Snow
so deep in the cuts that trains didn’t run for days. And shoveling snow, a daily
job for youngsters, snow shovels were made in various widths and designs and of
various materials, wood, tin, and steel. Last winter a Fayetteville man tried
to buy a snow shovel, but such an article was not to be had in this town.” </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"></span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiTBAS0anocJIATNdVo3XfqbRda4Pa72pAsj5BR5iQAkiU6-n3Sa-hc2pEXVmgIZXovwjZ5or6rIDvSB9BIb-9F6bgpU1rNEbMTpRNngF3NC2DGn2_H5ycurObRfkks_LE02S7F_aoXNLlq_bYIiE4tqOlT3YltmINut67mFlVoJQVuMvOJlFTy4cz2=s1461" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1356" data-original-width="1461" height="297" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiTBAS0anocJIATNdVo3XfqbRda4Pa72pAsj5BR5iQAkiU6-n3Sa-hc2pEXVmgIZXovwjZ5or6rIDvSB9BIb-9F6bgpU1rNEbMTpRNngF3NC2DGn2_H5ycurObRfkks_LE02S7F_aoXNLlq_bYIiE4tqOlT3YltmINut67mFlVoJQVuMvOJlFTy4cz2=s320" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">1911 Map Showing Cities in<br />Buffalo Co., Wisconsin</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><br />In a letter to the editor published in the </span><i style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">Northwest
Arkansas Times</i><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"> on May 6, 1969, Mrs. Adkins told of her family’s move to
Washington County, Arkansas, in 1902, a few months after her mother’s death, to
escape “the rigors of Wisconsin winters.”</span><p></p>
<blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><o:p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">[I recall] when our family first
came to this charming place, in 1902. There was my father, an older sister, myself,
and seven young motherless stairsteps. We had long wanted to escape t h e
rigors of Wisconsin winters, and our father came to Fayetteville on a
homeseekers' excursion.</span></p></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">On his return he said, "Girls,
I've found the garden spot of the world." In a month we were moved. We
came in on a midnight train, and the air was redolent with apples, which were
shipped in large quantities in those days. The picturesque courthouse stood in
the middle of the Square, with a dog-trot running through it. Old men wore long
white beards, and spoke courteously to all strangers, as was not customary in
the north. My sister and I saw our first dogwood, lining a ravine of East
Mountain (Mt. Sequoyah) and it took my breath away, as it does still. </span></p></blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">Before making the move south, Grace Reese had spent eighteen
years of her youth in Mondovi, and she remembered some of the locals who made
an impression her when she was growing up:</span></p>
<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b>A Town Character</b> (Published May 1, 1937) <br />He lived just up the block <br />From us, <br />And everybody said <br />He was the biggest liar <br />In the county. <br />It was his children, <br />Mostly, <br />Who broke our windows, <br />And quarreled with us, <br />And stole our hazelnuts. <br />They could not play at home <br />Because their mother <br />Had headaches. <br />They quoted their father <br />Often, <br />Even in the schoolroom, <br />But they always added, <br />“If you don’t believe papa, <br />Just ask Uncle Richie.” <br /><br /><b>The Amen Corner </b> (Published, May 13, 1937) <br />The men who sat <br />In the Amen Comer <br />Had long beards, <br />And most of them <br />Were a little deaf. <br />One of them <br />Always stood on his toes <br />When he shouted.</span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEik5ldpeebn7yN6mo8GETchEWyvLoVIuCZk1d0ikTy9LXO3e7EOWMTpyLmxPNHrBvN3yStUA7jF2Ti4JYL4NWXon6RcgcsHgB2jYxVcm6n15noTl4RrbklAEauc2PCALCdcuoFuneBfMFaDmOipRvlQJ7fX_XEPK98frBZTTqtRa_zhylmXUKko7BLA=s600" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="399" data-original-width="600" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEik5ldpeebn7yN6mo8GETchEWyvLoVIuCZk1d0ikTy9LXO3e7EOWMTpyLmxPNHrBvN3yStUA7jF2Ti4JYL4NWXon6RcgcsHgB2jYxVcm6n15noTl4RrbklAEauc2PCALCdcuoFuneBfMFaDmOipRvlQJ7fX_XEPK98frBZTTqtRa_zhylmXUKko7BLA=w400-h266" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mondovi Congregational Church,<br />Built 1870, Now Demolished<br />(https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Property/HI2587)</td></tr></tbody></table><br />
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">Mrs. Adkins
did not mention in her poems which church she attended as a child in Mondovi. Where
did she encounter “the Amen Corner?” Most likely, her family belonged to the
city’s Congregational Church. After
she moved to Washington County Arkansas, she joined the First Christian Church
(Disciples of Christ) and during the rest of her life, she was a zealous
advocate of the American Restoration Movement.
In 1938, she started her own church, the Central Christian Church in
Fayetteville, and was the pastor of that church for a decade. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">Thirty-five
years after she left Mondovi, Grace Reese Adkins still remembered details of
the places that were part of the city, including the school library and the
city fairgrounds. She wrote these poems
about them:</span></p>
<br /><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><b>The School Library</b> (Published, May 4, 1937) <br />There weren’t many library books, <br />Because a mean boy <br />Had burned the schoolhouse down <br />At night. <br />The school, each year, <br />Gave a big entertainment <br />In Borst’s Hall. <br />To buy more books. <br />They had Lyceum Courses, <br />Too. <br />I liked to go, <br />But our family was large, <br />And we had to take turns about <br />Using the tickets</span>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">It is interesting to note that even though
Mondovi was a small town, it was on the lyceum circuit. Thus, its residents had
an opportunity to attend lectures, debates, class instruction, and dramatic performances.
Of course, Mrs. Adkins liked to attend them but had to take turns with
other members of her family.</span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>The Old Fairground</b> (Published, April 21, 1937)</span></p></div><div><span style="font-size: large;">It wasn’t much of a fairground,</span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;">And the buildings were strewn around</span></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhCZ4XK7W_x-7D-g43BFMCXKHY8G3EAQe_0kFYkGfz7t-amz5PKTDSKsgOMEbTmEETl5dMkGfIc6926TFgOJR09AcMh2AqgbA2mk0eqUCtQDeHVJrQtrbSZpVmQJ3DTCIeM1y48WK6KWyNS3wVJpXdquY6G9f2xjTO63-BYmEP7myCytI3KwkmzHENL=s398" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" data-original-height="398" data-original-width="253" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhCZ4XK7W_x-7D-g43BFMCXKHY8G3EAQe_0kFYkGfz7t-amz5PKTDSKsgOMEbTmEETl5dMkGfIc6926TFgOJR09AcMh2AqgbA2mk0eqUCtQDeHVJrQtrbSZpVmQJ3DTCIeM1y48WK6KWyNS3wVJpXdquY6G9f2xjTO63-BYmEP7myCytI3KwkmzHENL=w254-h400" width="254" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Location of the<br />Mondovi Flats</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Almost at random. <br />The chewing gum man <br />Was the main attraction, <br />For he had plush albums <br />Displayed as prizes – <br />Although most of those who bought <br />Got needle cases. <br />One year the merry-go-round <br />Was operated by manpower, <br />But after that they had an old horse <br />To turn it. <br />There was a phonograph <br />That you could hear <br />By paying a dime <br />And putting tubes in your ears. <br />In the exhibits <br />Were flowers made of feathers, <br />Seeds and hair, <br />Pieced quilts, handwoven rugs, <br />And fancy work galore. <br />The morning after the fair, <br />We children hunted <br />Underneath the grandstand <br />And where the chewing gum man had been <br />And sometimes found a nickel or a dime.</span><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">Uncle Walt [Lemke] commented on this poem, “We recall the …
fairground thrills that Pricilla mentions, especially poking around among the
litter under the grandstands and finding nickel or a dime. But the best place
to find coins was in the cracks of the board sidewalks. It required two sticks
expertly manipulated to draw out the coin. And when workmen replaced the rotten
boards in the sidewalk, we kids were there to pounce on any coin or other
valuables that might be revealed.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">“The Old Fairground” was
in an area known as the Mondovi flats, in the southwest part of the town (bounded
by Alma Ave, Water St., and State St.), not far from the Buffalo River. In the 1890s,
it was replaced by a new fairground located north of the old one. The Buffalo
County Fair is still held there on land with
a Harrison Street address. The city’s middle school is not far to the east of the
fairgrounds with a good view of it. Likely that spot is where Grace Reese’s high
school was located. </span><p></p>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>The New Fairground</b> (Published on June 2, 1937) <br />They abandoned the old fairground <br />Down on the river road, <br />And acquired a new one <br />Adjoining the school grounds. <br />There weren’t many trees, <br />And it was dusty <br />At fair time, <br />But the legless Hokey Pokey <br />Chewing Gum Man <br />Was still on hand, <br />Barking his wares. <br />Our high school windows <br />Opened toward the fairground <br />And meadowlarks sang <br />In the clove field <br />Inside the racetrack <br />On May mornings, <br />While I was studying </span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi0LmqJ_km4FCLXjvQEqy907ejUOM7pphy4VytsSoCgQUkCYttyr5USzmmlLvCcQppC_-q24TClEfQoXA1yFEuJ46YjYqQrM3h8VyxH2n1MHmF-tU7zSuz_CDA6E_iCXqmXapoPPSwyIItgQCWkdoR-Gm2nygdra9UdX3MvK3EhalNbsKXTP-Dp01v3=s319" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="197" data-original-width="319" height="247" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi0LmqJ_km4FCLXjvQEqy907ejUOM7pphy4VytsSoCgQUkCYttyr5USzmmlLvCcQppC_-q24TClEfQoXA1yFEuJ46YjYqQrM3h8VyxH2n1MHmF-tU7zSuz_CDA6E_iCXqmXapoPPSwyIItgQCWkdoR-Gm2nygdra9UdX3MvK3EhalNbsKXTP-Dp01v3=w400-h247" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The Present-Day "New Fairground" in Mondovi</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-size: large;">My geometry.</span><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"></span></div><br /><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">It’s a relief to
know that the “legless Hokey Pokey Chewing Gum Man” survived the move to the new
fairground. For more on the history of Buffalo County fairs, go to this
website: </span><a href="http://www.buffalocountyfairwi.com/history" style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">http://www.buffalocountyfairwi.com/history</a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">This poem,
“The New Fairground,” was the final one in Mrs. Adkins's series titled “Leaves
from Childhood’s Diary.” Uncle Walt wrote about those poems:</span></p></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">We hope our readers have enjoyed
today’s column. Priscilla has the trick of making half-forgotten events live
again. The younger generation, of course, won’t know what it’s all about.
They’re too sophisticated. They can’t imagine paying a dime to hear one of the
crude first gramophones play. Or playing tag in a yard surrounded by a picket
fence. Or swimming in a quarry hole Those were thrills that only the initiated
can understand. And they can’t be matched by such modern thrillers as hitting
40 in a streamlined car or listening to Kenny Baker on the radio. They were the
good old days.</span></p></div></blockquote><p> <span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">Anyone who would like to read more of the “Leaves from
Childhood’s Diary” poems can find them in the </span><i style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;">Fayetteville Daily Democrat</span></i><i style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">, </i><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">whose
name changed to the </span><i style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: large;">Northwest Arkansas Times</span></i><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"> on July 8, 1937. These
papers can be accessed in the Newspaperarchives.com database, which requires a paid
annual subscription. Most are also available in the Newspapers.com database,
available through Ancestry.com or through a separate subscription. The following list includes the titles of the
poems and their dates of publication:</span></p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><i style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">Theme: </i><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">Leaves
from Childhood’s Diary.</span><i style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"> Thirty-one poems:</i><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"> The Aspen (Apr 3), The Alder
Slough (Apr 6), The River (Apr 8), Flowering (Apr 13), Our Front Yard (Apr 21),
The Old Fairground (Apr 21), The Quarry (Apr 21), Home Theatricals (Apr 21),
Hazelnutting (Apr 26), Memorial Day (Apr 28), A Town Character, (May 1), The
Party (May 3), The School Library (May 4), Shaving (May 5), Winter (May 6),
Going After the Cows (May 6), Company (May 6), Playing School (May 6), My Room (May 6), Sunday School (May 11), Amen
Corner (May 13), Books (May 17), Evenings (May 18), Patchwork (May 20), Echoes
of ’98 (May 21), Cowslips (May 22), The Burr Oak (May 24), An Embarrassing
Incident (May 25), Violets (May 27), Childhood Grief (May 29) The New
Fairground (Jun 2).</span></p></div></blockquote><div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><o:p></o:p></p></div></div></div>Dan Durninghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10639064524903151404noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-537999101514441161.post-78016420585310004122022-02-21T22:01:00.003-08:002022-03-07T19:14:40.833-08:00Growing up in Turn-of-the-Century Mondovi, WI: Grace’s Pa<span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">Grace Reese Adkins </span><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">“Leaves from Childhood’s Diary,” Part 3
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Mrs. Adkins's father, Edwin Frank Reese (1852–1924),
was a stonemason but had interests far beyond his work. In her poems, Mrs.
Adkins tells us about his love of books, providing some insight into her own
bookish nature. She also lets us know that her pa played the fiddle, and she sometimes
accompanied him on the organ. From the poems, we learn that Grace's pa at times got
exasperated with the kids underfoot and could be a bit absent-minded.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj8hbR1bzZVpj3c7Q8-dGxclhLjJ76Q6LzI0zjT17BDpNe5-_o25hRbi687gsgd7cV19M5P5BxE4VJJcIgngxp95rfLyAAeRmmfeMFpkZswAWArLdGlD-rMqzmnK1cFoW9jMdyJ594OtjhjsKDptw_YT8DJkKka2V1bAVJpVemHa7iFgkFmN_40SBE6=s1696" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1696" data-original-width="1500" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj8hbR1bzZVpj3c7Q8-dGxclhLjJ76Q6LzI0zjT17BDpNe5-_o25hRbi687gsgd7cV19M5P5BxE4VJJcIgngxp95rfLyAAeRmmfeMFpkZswAWArLdGlD-rMqzmnK1cFoW9jMdyJ594OtjhjsKDptw_YT8DJkKka2V1bAVJpVemHa7iFgkFmN_40SBE6=w354-h400" width="354" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: x-small;">"Ozark Moon," <b>Fayetteville Daily Democrat</b>,"<br />May 17, 1937, p.2</span></td></tr></tbody></table><b style="font-family: arial;">Books</b><span style="font-family: arial;"> (Published May 17, 1937)</span><p></p><span style="font-family: arial;">Grandma said <br />That pa bought books <br />When there was danger of his children <br />Going hungry. <br />The books had titles <br />That were hard to read. <br />I like to dust <br />And arrange them. <br />And feel the texture <br />Of their bindings <br />Under my fingers. </span><br /><br />
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Mrs. Adkins inherited her father’s love of books. I learned
that when I was about eleven years old in 1958 and went for the first time to a
Bible study class that Mrs. Adkins conducted in her home next to the Christ’s
Church building on Rock Street in Fayetteville. I was astounded by the library/study
where we assembled. The walls were lined with stuffed bookshelves and every
flat surface in the room had piles of magazines, clippings, and newspapers. I
had never seen such a room; my parents and relatives we often visited had no such
bookshelves because they kept few books other than the Bible and those with
recipes. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Mrs. Adkins's parents grew up in Pennsylvania, but got married
in Buffalo County, Wisconsin on September 20, 1879. They must have made many
good friends in Mondovi. In one poem, we learn from Mrs. Adkins that friends
who played the fiddle sometimes congregated in his home for an evening and her
father joined them playing the instrument.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>
Evenings</b> (Published May 18, 1937) <br />Folks used to come <br />And spend the evening <br />With us – <br />Particularly folks <br />Who played the fiddle, <br />I often seconded <br />On the organ. <br />Pa’s fingers were stiff <br />From laying rock, <br />But mother liked <br />To have him play <br />As he used to do <br />Before they were married. <br />When the younger children <br />Got in the way of his arm, <br />He scowled <br />And tapped them on the head <br />With this fiddle bow <br />The pieces had queer names <br />Like Irish Washerwoman, <br />The Devils’ Dream, <br />And Sailor’s Joy. </span><br /><br />
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Mrs. Adkins not only inherited a love of books and reading
from her pa, but also must have acquired her love of music from him. She learned
during her childhood how to play the organ and piano, and after she moved to
Arkansas, she often composed music and wrote songs. During her life, she produced six songs that appeared in one or more
of ten hymnals, the first published in 1914 and the last in 2011. One of her
songs, “I’ll Wish I Had Given Him More,” is still sung. The most popular version
of it is sung in an expansive Dutch cathedral, and it features soprano Maria Kemler backed by the huge Waddinxveen (Netherlands)
men’s choir and accompanied by an ornate organ. As of February 2022, nearly
400,000 viewers had watched that performance, which can be viewed at this link: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=420nDNYoAx0">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=420nDNYoAx0</a> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Once a week, Mrs. Adkins’ pa would shave, likely
using a straight razor that would punish his face if he didn’t pay close
attention to what he was doing.</span><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"></span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg3kiHhpbBuk8Lh7bIJzJBbtVe4jdt9WROPWCkERTTqZJYGcgwEzhvHnhMY4701Bi4mB6Gh52CS9rYB21bf-8wbA_kypiiPH0h1BbwwYzo8K5c7Z7CbyxgZMn1nHbDx53q6LrWIRW9X1kMMnAMYZzIlS4bT3QctRfbM_RXER0t8wHvfdjRbt3_xKo2B=s1755" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1755" data-original-width="960" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg3kiHhpbBuk8Lh7bIJzJBbtVe4jdt9WROPWCkERTTqZJYGcgwEzhvHnhMY4701Bi4mB6Gh52CS9rYB21bf-8wbA_kypiiPH0h1BbwwYzo8K5c7Z7CbyxgZMn1nHbDx53q6LrWIRW9X1kMMnAMYZzIlS4bT3QctRfbM_RXER0t8wHvfdjRbt3_xKo2B=w219-h400" width="219" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Walter Lemke, <br /><b>Fayetteville Daily Democrat</b>,<br />April 9, 1935, p. 6.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Shaving</b> (Published May 5, 1937)<br />Pa shaved <br />On Sunday morning, <br />While we children <br />Dodged around <br />Under his elbow. <br />It made him cross <br />And nervous, <br />And when he cut himself, <br />Anything could happen. <br />Sometimes he only set us in a corner <br />Till we quieted down.
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Lemke, the column editor, commented on this poem: “This leaf from Priscilla’s
childhood diary calls attention to one of the most significant contrasts between
then and now. Pa was the big boss. The razor strop was put to other uses than honing the razor. [Yikes] Imagine pa trying
to get into the bathroom to shave on a Sunday morning nowadays. Why there wouldn’t
even be room for his old shaving mug among the creams, lotions, and other
preparations that decorate the bathroom of today.” </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Lemke’s reference to “Priscilla’s childhood diary” reminds
me that I have failed to mention that Mrs. Adkins’s poems in Ozark Moon were
published under a pseudonym. In fact, almost
all poems in Lemke's column were signed with either pseudonyms or initials. Hers was Priscilla, a name drawn from the Bible. Even Lemke used a pseudonym, calling himself "Uncle Walt." </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">One of Mrs. Adkins’ memories of her father was the time he absentmindedly
stole a dinner napkin from a preacher’s house. It was probably a family joke
for the years that followed.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>An Embarrassing Incident</b> (Published May 25, 1937)<br />Pa liked to visit <br />With preachers; <br />And after he <br />Had dined <br />With the Congregationalist minister <br />Ma found <br />A dinner napkin <br />In his pocket.</span><div><br /><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Uncle Walt offered his irreverent comment on this poem: “And of course pa said, ‘Now how
do you suppose that got there?’” You didn’t have any Pullman towels or
Delmonico silver around your house, did you Priscilla? And another thing – what
was ma looking for in pa’s pocket.” <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Priscilla may have been amused by Lemke’s comments,
but she was not known for her sense of humor. </span><span face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span></p></div></div>Dan Durninghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10639064524903151404noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-537999101514441161.post-51212967186546815862022-02-21T15:54:00.002-08:002022-03-07T19:13:45.775-08:00Growing up in Turn-of-the-Century Mondovi, WI: Play Time<span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">Grace Reese Adkins, </span><div><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"><i>Leaves from Childhood’s Diary, </i>Part 2</span>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">In the poem “Our Front Yard” (see part 1), Mrs. Adkins recalled four
games that she, her siblings, and neighborhood kids had played in turn-of-the-century Mondovi. Of course, such
physical games were not enough to fill up a weekend or whole summer. So, in addition to those games, the kids found other ways to engage their imaginations and fill up their days. In two of
her poems, she recalled such activities, playing school and putting on shows. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgjNjF6eaF4wtThJggeRPICjPxcgXy1GGUTx0WyBTqdsxs5-EoL2NwtWC0BO1gBz3PMo-AX9N48cAoscxjNvjSM30eL1bevyiEN5LZEiYqjAMwIgmRXocRmdOi3bxWjYeBYG4uRkDRAiVanYfjc3xVvObaZTgpvBcdgC3p_6evEx3MO6_MUzXspqffe=s1328" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1328" data-original-width="1029" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgjNjF6eaF4wtThJggeRPICjPxcgXy1GGUTx0WyBTqdsxs5-EoL2NwtWC0BO1gBz3PMo-AX9N48cAoscxjNvjSM30eL1bevyiEN5LZEiYqjAMwIgmRXocRmdOi3bxWjYeBYG4uRkDRAiVanYfjc3xVvObaZTgpvBcdgC3p_6evEx3MO6_MUzXspqffe=w310-h400" width="310" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Grace Reese Adkin<br /><b>Northwest Ark. Times</b>, Nov. 6, 1948</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Playing School </b> (Published May 6, 1937) <br />We played school <br />In the back yard, <br />And I was the teacher, <br />But my brothers <br />And Cousin Ray, <br />And the neighbor children <br />Often made trouble <br />So that mother <br />Had to call the boys in, <br />And sometimes send <br />The neighbor children <br />Home. </span><br /><b style="font-family: arial;"><br /></b></p><div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Home Theatricals</b> (Published April 21, 1937)<br />Every summer vacation<br />We had home theatricals.<br />I was master of ceremonies <br />Mother was patient<br />And let us string sheets<br />Across the living room, <br />And decorate <br />We invited our grandparents, <br />And all the neighbors, <br />And when our uncle was home from college <br />He liked to come. <br />We spoke pieces <br />With much gesturing <br />And staged impressive tableaux. <br />It was hard work <br />Cleaning up the living room <br />Afterward. </span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Note that when playing school, Grace
Reese was the teacher and when putting on shows, she was the master of
ceremony. That she took on those roles provides a good clue about what she
was like in her childhood: She was clearly a “take charge” girl. Playing school was probably fun for
Grace Reese, but quickly became boring for her “students.”</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p>Nevertheless, the game was good
preparation for Grace’s first job. After she arrived in Arkansas in the middle
of 1902, she began teaching schools in rural Washington County schools. She taught
a couple of years in Prairie Grove and later two more years in Oak Grove, near
Winslow. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><o:p> </o:p>The “home theatricals” were no doubt
more fun than playing school. Much effort was spent in
preparing for the production, and the audience was appreciative. Later
in her life, Mrs. Adkins wrote and directed various programs, plays, and
celebrations for her churches, including the one she founded in 1938. She orchestrated Mother’s
Day, Easter, and Christmas shows featuring young folks singing, reading
verses, and reciting poetry. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Fun was not only to be had in games
and play but also could be found in celebrating special occasions. Grace Reese recalled one “nice” birthday
party where the birthday boy found a way to impress all the girls in
attendance.</span> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>The Party</b> (Published on May 3, 1937) <br />One of the boys <br />Had a nice birthday party in his front yard. <br />We wore our best clothes. <br />He got lots of presents, <br />But he drank one of the bottles <br />Of perfumery – <br />An act which profoundly impressed <br />Us girls.</span><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj8XRNdMErejG0OIaf9eV0TvA2VMgqiFrWXzFjAwReOr5QvyiRSdx5qZn-gupF85kFNKDxrLNeEAGYWQMk41uEaE7mD0xOd1-j8VaffQO4fCC_7Pq6TO06Jmj9evfl6M_q4hGmJobFdgw15RK7bnHibyMMReC8P1NWAvNEbRZ5DX-H83VCeuc_Cp-R3=s2357" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2357" data-original-width="2023" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj8XRNdMErejG0OIaf9eV0TvA2VMgqiFrWXzFjAwReOr5QvyiRSdx5qZn-gupF85kFNKDxrLNeEAGYWQMk41uEaE7mD0xOd1-j8VaffQO4fCC_7Pq6TO06Jmj9evfl6M_q4hGmJobFdgw15RK7bnHibyMMReC8P1NWAvNEbRZ5DX-H83VCeuc_Cp-R3=w275-h320" title="Logos for the Ozark Moon Column" width="275" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Proposed Logos for the Ozark Moon Column</td></tr></tbody></table><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Lemke was not impressed with the boy who drank perfume. He commented on the poem, recalling: “We didn’t do anything sissyish like that. Up
in Wausau when we wanted to impress the girls we bit off a big chew of Mail Pouch.
Or maybe it was Battle Ax. Perfume – pooh!"<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">More serious and educational fun was to be had in exploring nature
around Mondovi. Mrs. Adkins recalled an
annual event that took her into the nearby wilds to find spring plants.</span></p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><b>Flowering</b> (Published April 13, 1937)</div></b>In early spring <br />We went flowering – <br />An oft-repeated pilgrimage, <br />Fondly anticipated <br />During the winter. <br />Disagreeable winds <br />Blew sand in our eyes, <br />But we trudged down the road <br />That paralleled the river. <br />Our first objective was a low fill <br />Where something we called nervine grew. <br />The green leaves carpeted the ground, <br />And dainty, bell-like flowers <br />Peeped out. <br />Then there was a wind-swept pasture <br />Where, springing at our feet, <br />We would find the pasque-flower. <br />There were patches of buttercups <br />By the roadside, <br />And deep in the woods <br />Beside a creek <br />A spot where bloodroot grew. <br />And Dutchman’s breeches, <br />Snowy white. <br />We picked the flowers, <br />Because we did not know <br />They should be left <br />To bloom for others.</span></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;">Mrs. Adkins loved flowers, both wild and the ones she grew,
and she became quite knowledgeable about them. In 1936, she submitted seventeen
short poems to Ozark Moon on the theme of<i> “</i>Botanical
Notes.” The poems had the following titles: Houstonia Minima (March 12),
Anemone Patens (March 12), Ranunculus Fascicularis (March 12), Amelanchier Botryaplum
(March 12), Quercus Alba (March 12), Pyrus Malus (March 12), Trillium
Grandiflorum (March 18), Aquilegia Canadensis (March 20), Draha Verna (March
23), Sanguinaria Canadensis (March 24), Viola Blanda (March 26), Thalictrum
Anemonoldes (March 27), Anemone Nemorosa (March 30), Caltha Palustris (April 13),
Taraxacum Bens-leonis (April 15), Anemone Nemorosa (April 16), Hepatica Triloba
(April 17).</span></p></div></div></div></div></div>Dan Durninghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10639064524903151404noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-537999101514441161.post-7724292282812428632022-02-21T14:53:00.005-08:002022-03-08T21:58:37.326-08:00Growing up in Turn-of-the-Century Mondovi, WI: "It was a Great Life"<span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">Grace Reese Adkins, <br /><i>Leaves from Childhood’s Diary,</i> Part 1</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">Grace Reese, born in 1884, spent the first eighteen years of
her life in Mondovi, Wisconsin, a town with 503 residents in 1890 and 1,207 in
1900. It is in Buffalo County, which shares a border with Minnesota, about 100
miles southeast of Minneapolis and 20 or so miles southwest of Eau Claire.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi8Tv0Z4sfc45yHYgMkq-ofG8aI6MFM12pwIzsNDGr1887txapyZZ91dnXDE85LiOjOcXNRBjyfkxlYsSzjkT-nC3OrU7xjVByQafkfZDHVF91SsGkkRwDT1BeamEi_spDX47vyHC7vhkZU876kytgnaHeWnTT95f8wXfC77Cuxkm5VYswfWj4sHKM2=s1453" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1453" data-original-width="943" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi8Tv0Z4sfc45yHYgMkq-ofG8aI6MFM12pwIzsNDGr1887txapyZZ91dnXDE85LiOjOcXNRBjyfkxlYsSzjkT-nC3OrU7xjVByQafkfZDHVF91SsGkkRwDT1BeamEi_spDX47vyHC7vhkZU876kytgnaHeWnTT95f8wXfC77Cuxkm5VYswfWj4sHKM2=w260-h400" width="260" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo Published in the<br /><b>Christian Standard</b>, June 4, 1921</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">Grace was a precocious child (“Before I started to school I
had learned to read, though no one knew how or when”). As a teenager, she
enjoyed writing poems and songs, and she kept a diary, which she took with her
when she moved in 1902 to Washington County, Arkansas with her father and eight
siblings. (The move came soon after her mother passed away.) Thirty-five years
later, Grace Reese Adkins (she married Ary Adkins in 1909) consulted her diary
to recall important aspects of her Mondovi childhood. The memories were written
as poems published in 1937 in the </span><b style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">Fayetteville Daily
Democrat</b><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">. In one poem she remembered her bedroom in Mondovi.</span></p>
<span style="font-family: arial;"><b>My Room</b> (Published May 6, 1937) <br /></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;">My bedroom was upstairs, <br />Overlooking the river <br />And the alder slough. <br />I liked to sit at the window <br />In April dark <br />And listen to the frogs sing. <br />I had a dry goods box desk <br />In the corner <br />Draped with bleached and embroidered <br />Flour sacks. <br />Hidden in the desk <br />Was a cigar box <br />Containing my first poems – <br />Effusions about spring <br />Such as are still being <br />Written. <br />Above the desk was a shelf <br />With a few battered books <br />And an early edition of Riley <br />Which my uncle sent me from college. <br />The window curtains <br />Were made from a dress <br />Of my great-aunt’s. <br />But mother said <br />I must not explain that <br />To anyone.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">The river mentioned in this poem was the meandering Buffalo
River, which forms the southern border of Buffalo County. This river is fed by a couple of creeks that flow south through the county, and its shifting channel
has over the years left behind several sloughs. The river, the two creeks
that flow into it, and the sloughs created a habitat for diverse flora and
birds that inspired many of Mrs. Adkins's poems.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">Grace Reese shared her house with two older sisters and seven younger
siblings, four boys and three girls. The house had a big front yard that, she
reports, was a popular place for the youngsters and neighborhood kids to play
games. She recalled the yard in this
poem:</span></p>
<br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Our Front Yard</b> (Published April 21, 1937) <br />It was the gathering place <br />For all the neighbors’ children. <br />Box elders managed to grow <br />Around it <br />And morning glories <br />At the windows, <br />But the grass <br />Had a hard time. <br />For there were games to play <br />Pom pom pull away, <br />Pussy wants a corner, <br />One ole cat, <br />And town ball. <br />Sometimes the windows got broken <br />And dad sent the neighbor children <br />Home. <br />But it was a great life.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">The Adkins kids and the neighborhood kids played games with
names that we no longer recognize: pom pom pull away, pussy wants a corner, and
one ole cat. I can guess what “town ball” was. Probably that game was the one
that most often resulted in a broken window. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">The man who edited the column in which Mrs. Adkins's poems appeared
also grew up in Wisconsin. His name was Walter J. Lemke and he was just a few
years younger than Grace Reese, born in 1891 in Wausau. He had moved to
Fayetteville in 1928 to start a journalism program at the University of
Arkansas, and his column “Ozark Moon” was one of his many extracurricular journalistic
activities. His column appeared in the </span><b style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">Fayetteville Daily Democrat</b><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;"> starting
in January 1935, and he had issued an open call to his readers to send him
their poems. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjbBqCQ5Ltlrf4Gg1dSvsZJodOWUu9aauvhoxIVjeCxEISN7eKczoTgJOY-e65RSYD6U9-jQ0sxI0qPv1xXbARtLwM8O6clY-oKxwTgEaUr7aJtVUrt1DUJzPTGFzNKpb0u6py_Coov__qyyYmdxqqB0b5weabBjAD-mcnKyp8r23ay6b9TlQANwqoX=s3004" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3004" data-original-width="2107" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjbBqCQ5Ltlrf4Gg1dSvsZJodOWUu9aauvhoxIVjeCxEISN7eKczoTgJOY-e65RSYD6U9-jQ0sxI0qPv1xXbARtLwM8O6clY-oKxwTgEaUr7aJtVUrt1DUJzPTGFzNKpb0u6py_Coov__qyyYmdxqqB0b5weabBjAD-mcnKyp8r23ay6b9TlQANwqoX=w448-h640" width="448" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Fayetteville Daily Democrat</b>, Jan. 1, 1935</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: large;">Often Lemke commented on the poems in his column, and he did
so on this one, noting that he and his friends in Wisconsin had played “pump
pump pull away,” not “pom pom pull away.” He also wrote that when windows got
broken at his house, his father – a German immigrant – not only sent the
neighborhood kids home but also “gave us a touch of that torture instrument of
his own invention – seven leather thongs attached to a handle grip.” Yikes! Nevertheless,
Lemke agreed, “It was a great life.”</span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p></div>Dan Durninghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10639064524903151404noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-537999101514441161.post-59126813858813574282020-10-13T11:25:00.004-07:002020-10-22T11:38:39.208-07:00HENRY JACOBI’S BRAVE DEED: Helping Seven Escaped Slaves as the Confederacy Ended in Little Rock<p class="MsoNormal">Confederate patriots living in Little Rock were alarmed when
the Union Army shattered the Confederate forces that attacked Helena on July 4,
1863 and a few weeks later began moving west.<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[1]</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b>As the Federals slowly advanced
toward Arkansas’ capital, some of the city’s wealthier families began leaving,
many taking their slaves to safe havens further south.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwwIUXAzlHilGIYzY-4SgNCikqOnCyAwwN83OZy3kPVZR-l07EdyRjWA5Nj6AFAM_fL0lCqRyiHIeOu9Bz6WxFZ3cUjRvXOiGQHHuIPxnAfrPlE1utUoBUIZRuXTEhIb7m_rKHTYzx1rI/s2048/Arkansas_Gazette_1934-03-11_30a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1266" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwwIUXAzlHilGIYzY-4SgNCikqOnCyAwwN83OZy3kPVZR-l07EdyRjWA5Nj6AFAM_fL0lCqRyiHIeOu9Bz6WxFZ3cUjRvXOiGQHHuIPxnAfrPlE1utUoBUIZRuXTEhIb7m_rKHTYzx1rI/w397-h640/Arkansas_Gazette_1934-03-11_30a.jpg" width="397" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br />Ann McHenry Reider</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table>Among those who wanted to protect their slaves from Yankee
freedom was the widow Ann McHenry Reider. She had inherited eleven of them from
her husband when he died on June 11, 1861. Jacob Reider had been among the
earliest German-speaking immigrants to settle in Arkansas. Emigrating from Z<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ü</span>rich,
Switzerland, Jacob arrived in the Arkansas Territory in about 1821 – the year
of his arrival is not certain – and in 1826 was living in Batesville.<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[2]</span><sup> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></sup></span></b>He moved to Little Rock on
May 18, 1828.<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[3]</span></span></b> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Reider opened a mercantile business to sell groceries, dry
goods, shoes, liquor, and whatever else consumers might want.<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[4]</span></span><sup> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></sup></b>Beginning
in 1830, he conducted his business at a one-story building on the corner of
Main and Market Streets, where he also lived.<b><sup> </sup></b>He prospered,
and in the late 1830s, bought his first slaves. The 1840 census showed that he
owned six slaves; by 1850 he possessed sixteen and in 1860 he had twelve. In 1860
census Reider was the richest German-speaking immigrant living in Little Rock.
The self-assessed value of his real and personal property was over $1.2 million
in current dollars.<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[5]</span> </span></b>An “unlettered
man” not active in local civil affairs, he was a devoted Catholic. In 1830, he
attended the first Catholic mass conducted in Little Rock.<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[6]</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Jacob and Ann McHenry had married on April 30, 1833. Born in
Tennessee in 1805, she came with her parents to Arkansas in 1818 “in a canvas
covered wagon.” After the marriage, the couple built Little Rock’s first
two-story building, a house near the corner of 2<sup>nd</sup> and Louisiana
Streets<b>.<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[7]</span> </span></b>The widow and her slaves were
still living there in 1863.<span style="text-indent: 0.5in;"> <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9OHryGf4XEDQNmb0cBrgr2jKBj_3c59Ce6gVm1PnNH2cMcCFfGTtlfISpQ8nG0RSKzVk6KfitEjAPiCjbEkITvpBd9vG4SWq5Q3CDi_Iu43qmH31skHSVQckfaV8L6U8izmuGFMhEIYw/s2048/Weekly_Arkansas_Gazette_Wed__Nov_10__1841_+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1888" data-original-width="2048" height="369" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9OHryGf4XEDQNmb0cBrgr2jKBj_3c59Ce6gVm1PnNH2cMcCFfGTtlfISpQ8nG0RSKzVk6KfitEjAPiCjbEkITvpBd9vG4SWq5Q3CDi_Iu43qmH31skHSVQckfaV8L6U8izmuGFMhEIYw/w400-h369/Weekly_Arkansas_Gazette_Wed__Nov_10__1841_+%25282%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br />Advertisement for the Return of Charlotte</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table>Among Mrs. Reider’s inherited slaves was “Charlotte,” who had
run away from the Reiders twenty years earlier. To get her back, Jacob offered
a reward of up to $100 for her return. In a <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b>Weekly Arkansas Gazette</b> advertisement,<b>
</b>he described her as “a mulatto girl,” who was “about 17 years old, 5 feet 6
inches high, rather slender and genteel in her appearance, color tolerably
light for a mulatto, smiling countenance, has a down look when spoken to and a
habit of rolling her eyes when retiring, and is very active in walking.”<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[8]</span> </span></b>The ad was discontinued after two weeks, indicating that likely Charlotte was captured quickly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In 1863, she was in her late 30s and was the mother of two children, also
owned by Mrs. Reider. Aside from the brief time spent on the lam, Charlotte had
lived her whole life “within one mile of Little Rock.”<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[9]</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b> <br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">One day in the middle of August, as General Sterling Price was
strengthening Little Rock’s fortifications in preparation for a Union Army attack,
Charlotte bumped into Henry Jacobi, a 50-year-old German immigrant who had
moved to Little Rock in about 1848.<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[10]</span></span></b><span style="color: red;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A couple of years later, he had opened a book
bindery.<span style="color: red;"> </span>In the decade that followed, he had
expanded his Markham Street store to sell books and other assorted goods.<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[11]</span> </span></b>Charlotte was thoroughly acquainted with
Jacobi because, she later explained, “As my mistresses house in town was near
his store, I often ran in there [Jacobi’s store] to buy little things before
the war and got to know him well.”<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[12</span>]</span></b> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Jacobi was an educated man interested in public affairs. A U.S.
citizen since 1844, he was active in the “Sag Nicht” movement that in the
middle 1850s sought to counteract the anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic Know
Nothing party.<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[13]</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b>Jacobi may have been Jewish, but likely
was not.<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[14]</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b>In
1845, while living in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, he had married Sarah Ann
Jewel (1826 – 1904), who was not Jewish. After moving to Arkansas, he was not
active in Little Rock’s nascent Jewish community in the 1850s or the B’nai
B’rith congregation that officially formed after the Civil War.<b><span style="color: red;"> </span></b>None of his children were raised in the Jewish
faith. Perhaps a freethinker, he apparently did not attend any church in Little
Rock. <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqscBPIQoe_3KgtrCtnGr9jcNqSxX3Lfu-UUIwbuISbNqv-lIBtgha5Jv9HoY2rzkmHMZBszxcPVhgJzcY1cI56v9vzsSM03iHq9jNuHxJxzjsOxhnHRkazI7M0QLHJRnKSVd-D8V-IYg/s160/jacobi1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="160" data-original-width="160" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqscBPIQoe_3KgtrCtnGr9jcNqSxX3Lfu-UUIwbuISbNqv-lIBtgha5Jv9HoY2rzkmHMZBszxcPVhgJzcY1cI56v9vzsSM03iHq9jNuHxJxzjsOxhnHRkazI7M0QLHJRnKSVd-D8V-IYg/w400-h400/jacobi1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br />Portrait of Henry Jacobi</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Although Jacobi worked hard to build his business from its
modest beginning, he had mixed success and sometimes struggled to support his
growing family – during the 1850s, he and his wife added five children to their
household, including a set of twin girls.<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[15]</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b>When he made extra profits from his
business, he invested in real estate, buying large tracts of undeveloped land
near the city. At the end of the 1850s, he encountered severe financial
difficulties and ended up deeply in debt.<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[16]</span> </span></b>To
help financially, his wife opened a shop in 1859 next to his bookstore that
first sold “hoop shirts” and, later, shoes.<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[17]</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Jacobi closed his store just as the Civil War was arriving. With
a partner, he opened a beer garden and grocery store in May<span style="color: red;"> </span>1861 on about twelve acres of unincorporated fenced land
he owned by the western edge of the city. He lived in a house on this land,
which sat a few blocks south of the state penitentiary (now site of the state
capitol) at a location that was 10<sup>th</sup> and High Streets
before High Street was destroyed by Interstate 630.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jacobi initially called his establishment “Jacobi’s
Garden,” but it became known as “Jacobi’s Grove.”<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[18]</span></span></b> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">During the Civil War, Jacobi was quietly pro-Union, like
many ethnic German immigrants living in Pulaski County.<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b>He said little
publicly about his views but confided in a few close friends and some of the
slaves he knew<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>For example, Shederick Parrish, who
was in bondage until the Union Army occupied Little Rock, testified before the
U.S. Southern Claims Commission in 1874 that Jacobi “always talked in favor of
the Federal government and said the Yankees would lick the rebels at last. He
would read the papers to colored men and tell us how things were going on.”<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[19]</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b>Another
former slave, Asa Richmond, who served on the Little Rock city council from
1869 to 1872, told the commission, “I have often spoken to him about the war,
but he would not have much to say about it, for it was dangerous for a white
man like him who was suspicioned and threatened to talk to a negro – he told me
he was a union man. I know he dared not to do anything to show he was a loyal
man….” A third former slave, Sol Winfrey, testified, “I believe from what I know
of old man Jacobi that he is a union man and that he had to keep what he did a
secret or he would have been taken out and hung.” </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">At the chance encounter of Charlotte and Henry Jacobi in
August 1863, the German immigrant warned her, as she later related in her own
words, that Mrs. Reider “was getting wagons and fixin to send us to Texas” the
next day. Jacobi suggested, she said, that “I had better run off if I could,
that the Federals would be in town soon….” Jacobi offered to help her.<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[20]</span> </span></b><span style="color: red;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Knowing that if she were taken to Texas, she would be beyond
the reach of the Union army and the freedom it would bring to slaves in Little
Rock, Charlotte ran away that night from Mrs. Reider. She was joined in her
escape by six other slaves, including her two children, two other females,
and two other children. The seven escapees hid in wooded land lying near the
borders of Jacobi’s Grove. She later recalled, “[F]or three weeks we laid out
in the woods, night and day, wet and dry, and along in the evening every day,
Mr. Jacobi sent out a little girl to us with a bucket full of victuals. She
would go up the hill like she was going for water and slip round to us in the
bushes.” </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">By helping the escaped slaves, Jacobi put himself and his
family in danger. If his actions had been discovered, he would have been
arrested, or more likely would have been beaten or worse, and his property
destroyed. According to Charlotte, Jacobi “was suspicioned of having us there
for one night some rebel soldiers came out to his house. I was only 200 yards
in the timber and saw it all as it was bright moon light, the men were on
horses and surrounded the house, some them went in and made the old man get up,
then they looked through the stable and everywhere – and when they could not
find us they got mad and went down in the cellar and brought up all the barrels
of wine and liquor, and after they drank all they wanted<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>– they throwed the rest out.” </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">One night two weeks after that incident, Charlotte was at
Jacobi’s house when a “Federal spy” arrived. He told her that the Union Army
“would open the ball(?) at Bayou Meto next morning,” and advised her “not to
stay in the woods because the rebels would catch us if we were there as they
would scatter them all over.” Immediately, the seven escaped slaves moved to
conceal themselves “under the colored Methodist Church.” Charlotte described
what came next: “Sure enough next morning the cannons begun to fire, and about
10 o’clock the rebels began to leave there and kept it up till three, and about
four o’clock I heard the clank of the cavalry sabers, and looked out and seen
the men with blue coats, and I knew it must be the yankees.” </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">After the union army arrived on September 10th, Mr. Jacobi boarded
Charlotte and her six companions for two weeks at his house as they began
their lives as free people. They had avoided being taken to Texas, where most of
the slaves were not freed until many weeks after the war ended in April 1865. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">After her emancipation, Charlotte took Edwards as her
family name or married a man whose last name was Edwards. Little is known about
her life after she was freed.<b><span style="color: #c00000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[21]</span> </span></b>Her
voice speaks through time only in her testimony before the Southern Claims Commission, where she told the story of her escape. She likely lived in Little Rock for the
rest of her life (she was still living there in 1874 when she gave her testimony).
Although it is not certain, she may be buried in Little Rock’s Fraternal
Cemetery where more than 2,000 African Americans have graves.<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[22]</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b>Among
them are at least fourteen with the last name of Edwards who were buried before
1915. Their burials were recorded in the cemetery record book, but their graves
are not marked, either because they have no tombstones or, if they do, any writing
on them is illegible. One person listed in the cemetery record book is Lotte
Edwards, who was buried on June 29, 1909.<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[23]</span> </span></b>Perhaps
she was the Charlotte who escaped from Mrs. Reider. If so, she lived the last
half of her life as a free woman, reaching her eighties before her death. <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwrr2NWCOKllSKvherrnm1qeyJ-aELE1MZHkIMR0YYMJunkm6f0wmLavAkijAT2Ds2s4aGC9FnoAxwlgyq0NPrQw12sLzviQLjQ0T3O9SV6w5f576k3RWLd9HJytbAXGTFh9IxbSK0VoU/s2048/reidertombstone.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwrr2NWCOKllSKvherrnm1qeyJ-aELE1MZHkIMR0YYMJunkm6f0wmLavAkijAT2Ds2s4aGC9FnoAxwlgyq0NPrQw12sLzviQLjQ0T3O9SV6w5f576k3RWLd9HJytbAXGTFh9IxbSK0VoU/w300-h400/reidertombstone.jpeg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Reider Burial Grounds<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Unlike the post-war life of her former slave, that of Ann
McHenry Reider is easy to trace. She resumed her life in Little Rock after the
war with some of her wealth remaining.<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[24]</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b>She continued to live at 2<sup>nd</sup>
and Louisiana Streets in her house that was “all enclosed with green shutters” and
had “an old-fashioned garden in which flowers bloomed in profusion” until April
1887 when she moved to a large home at 1406 Lincoln Street, which is now
Cantrell Road.<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[25]</span> </span></b>She occupied the house,
later known as the “Packet House,” with the families of her daughters Cassie
(1839-1931) and Amanda (1845-1920) who were married, respectively, to brothers Robert
C. Newton (1840-1887) and Thomas W. Newton (1843-1908).<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[26]</span> </span></b>Mrs. Reider overcame the trauma of losing her
slaves to live a long life, dying in 1897 at the age of 93. According to one
obituary, she was at the time of her death “the oldest resident of Little
Rock.”<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[27]</span></span></b> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Like her husband, Mrs. Reider was a devout Catholic, and
both are buried at Little Rock’s Cavalry Cemetery. Their burial places are in a
family plot marked by a marble monument more than a dozen feet tall that
features the sculpture of a near life-size woman whose arm is draped over a
cross. The sculpture stands on a massive base with Jacob Rider’s name and
birth/death dates prominently inscribed in the front. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Jacobi stayed in Pulaski County for the rest of his life,
sometimes living in the city but mostly residing on a farm about eight miles
from Little Rock. After the war, he did not return to his bookbinding business but
continued operating Jacobi’s Grove until about 1871.<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[28]</span>
</span></b>In addition to the hospitality business, Jacobi found government work.
When the Union Army occupied Pulaski County, he signed on with its Provost
General Office as a detective and a “secret service” member. For a few months
after the end of the war, Jacobi served as the city’s appointed police chief.
In 1866, he was elected the city’s constable and collector.<b><span style="color: #c00000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[29]</span></span></b> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In 1868, Jacobi was elected county coroner at the same
election at which voters approved a new state constitution. He was
re-elected to that office in 1870 as part of the brindletail ticket.<b><span style="color: #c00000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[30]</span> </span></b>Two years later, he ran for circuit and
criminal court clerk, an elective county government office, but lost.<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[31]</span></span></b> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After
Reconstruction ended, he was defeated in his 1874 campaign to be elected a
Justice of the Peace (JP) from Big Rock Township. However, he was appointed to fill
a vacant JP seat a couple of months later on Dec. 31th.<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[32]</span></span></b><span style="color: red;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>During most of the decade that
followed, he was known as ‘Squire Jacobi, and he presided over a JP court, later
called a magistrate court, where people accused of breaking county laws were
tried. He resigned from the court in December 1883.<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[33]</span></span></b> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The paltry salaries of his elected positions and the meager profits
he earned from his beer garden and farm provided too little income to pay off his
pre-war debts. In 1872, the Pulaski County Chancery Court forced him to settle the
$7,000 debt owed to creditors in New York, Philadelphia, and Cincinnati by
selling large amounts of land he had bought in the 1850s, including 320 acres
located fifteen miles from Little Rock, 120 acres nine miles from the city, and
three city blocks.<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[34]</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In the early 1870s, Jacobi filed a claim with the U.S. Southern
Claims Commission for compensation for property (mainly lumber and animals)
taken from him by the Union army soon after it occupied Little Rock. (It was as
part of the investigation of this claim that Charlotte Edwards was called as a
witness in 1874.) His initial claim was rejected, but when he refiled it in
1876 with letters from Gen. Frederick Steele, who led the successful Union army
attack on Little Rock, and Sen. Clayton Powell, it was approved. He was awarded
$821.50 of the $3,582 he requested. The commission had no doubts about Jacobi’s
loyalty but questioned the value of the property taken from him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4pEXynr5rDMIAYgfk1gYxUSMj6oFwaQOdJcUpDd5hk87DdBs2TmgznC4MByMQ6UHKmHUCCAmT9i8W5rnclrjpk_YkiXNBasXHusZ_RI0cyfO7bDfORmSWOzXoolhcWMHIOjv82-4xSmw/s250/jacobi_tombstone.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="168" data-original-width="250" height="269" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4pEXynr5rDMIAYgfk1gYxUSMj6oFwaQOdJcUpDd5hk87DdBs2TmgznC4MByMQ6UHKmHUCCAmT9i8W5rnclrjpk_YkiXNBasXHusZ_RI0cyfO7bDfORmSWOzXoolhcWMHIOjv82-4xSmw/w400-h269/jacobi_tombstone.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /><span style="font-size: x-small;">Jacobi Tombstone</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">‘Squire Jacobi, a respected citizen, died on January 23,
1887, a couple of weeks before his 74<sup>th</sup> birthday. His wife, Sarah
Ann, lived for 78 years, passing away on December 31, 1904 (the year on her tombstone is wrong). They share a marble
headstone at Little Rock’s Mt. Holly cemetery.<b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">[35]</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b>Jacobi was remembered in his
obituary as “charitable, kind, and affectionate to everybody….a true and warm
friend always ready to help and assist.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Those characteristics, along with compassion, were evident in his good
deed nearly twenty-five years earlier when – at some risk to himself and his
family – he assisted Charlotte Edwards and six other slaves to gain freedom
that would have been delayed at least twenty months without his help. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b>Footnotes</b> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">1.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mark K. Christ.
2010. <b>Civil War Arkansas 1863</b>. University of Oklahoma Press. See chapter
4 “The Battle of Helena” and Chapter 5 “The Campaign to Capture Little Rock.” </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">2. Reider’s obituary stated that he came to Arkansas “about
40 years ago.” “Obituary.” 1861<b>. Little Rock True Democrat</b>, Aug. 1, p.
2.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His presence in Batesville is
mentioned in “Early Times in Arkansas by N.” 1858. <b>Weekly Ark. Gazette</b>,
Jan 9, p. 2. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Reider’s year of birth is uncertain. The date on his
tombstone is 1776, which would have made him 85 years old when he died in 1861.
His obituary stated he was 85.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However,
in the 1860 census, his age is given as 76.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In the 1850 census, his age was listed as 53, and the 1840 census
indicates that his age was between 40 and 49.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>According to the 1850 census, he and his wife had a three-year-old
child, which means that if he were 85 years old in 1861, he would have been 71
when the child was born. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">3. The exact day he arrived is mentioned by Fay Hempstead (p.
773) in <b>Pictorial History of Arkansas from Earliest Times to the Year 1890</b>,
published in 1890. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Accessed via Google
Books. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">4. His first advertisement in the <b>Arkansas Gazette</b>, which at that time was published at Arkansas Post, appeared on May 21, 1828.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Because of the time needed to set up a store,
Hempstead's arrival date (footnote 3) was likely not accurate. <b>“</b>New
Goods.” (Adv).<b> Ark. Gazette, </b>May 21, 1828, p. 4.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">5.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to the
1860 census, Reider owned real property worth $25,000 and personal property
valued at $15,000. In 2020 dollars, the amount was about $758,000 (real
property) and $455,000 (personal property). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I used the inflation calculator at <a href="http://www.in2013dollars.com/">http://www.in2013dollars.com/</a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to determine the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>present values in 2020. The site estimates
that a $1 in 1860 had the purchasing power of $30.31 in 2020. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">6. “St. Andrews Cathedral, Little Rock.” 1924. The Guardian
(Official Organ of the Diocese of Little Rock), December 20, p. 8.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Accessed at<span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span></span><a href="http://arc.stparchive.com/Archive/ARC/ARC12201924p08.php"><span style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://arc.stparchive.com/Archive/ARC/ARC12201924p08.php</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In his obituary, Reider was described as follows: “An
unlettered man, he was endowed by nature with remarkable mind and memory, and
sound judgment.” “Obituary.” 1861<b>. Little Rock True Democrat</b>, Aug. 1, p.
2.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">7.</span></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext;"> </span></span>“Glimpses of
Yesterday.” 1934. <b>Ark. Gazette</b>, Mar. 11, p. 30. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">8. “$100 Reward” (adv). 1841. <b>Weekly Ark. Gazette</b>,
Nov. 10, p. 3.</span></span><span style="color: windowtext;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">9. This quote and all others attributed to her are from
testimony given in 1874 to the U.S. Southern Claims Commission related to claim
21,507, filed by Henry Jacobi. Jacobi’s complete file with all related testimony
can be found at Fold3.com in the database “Southern Claims Commission, Approved
Claims, 1871-1880.”</span></span><span style="color: windowtext;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">10. Jacobi testified to the U.S. Southern Claims
Commission that he came to Little Rock in 1848, but his arrival may have been
in 1849 or 1850. The first advertisements for his bookbinding business showed
up in the <b>Arkansas Gazette</b> in 1851.</span></span><span style="color: windowtext;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Jacobi was born on February 10, 1813, in Trarbach, now
known as Trauben-Trarbach, a small town on the middle section of the Moselle
River, famous for its winemaking. The city was in the state of Rheinland-Pfalz
when he was born, but in 1816 the area was annexed by Prussia. According to Jacobi’s
obituary, his family was “highly reputable,” and his father was an officer in
the Prussian army. He was educated by a wealthy grandmother, and before
emigrating, he traveled extensively as a wine salesman for a vineyard owned by
a family member. He emigrated “before 1837” and settled in Pennsylvania, where
he learned the bookbinding trade. He applied for citizenship in 1842 and
received it in 1844. That year, he married Sarah Ann Jewell (Dec. 14, 1926 –
Dec. 31, 1904), a native Philadelphian. See “The Late Henry Jacobi.” 1887. <b>Ark.
Gazette</b>, July 5, p. 5 and “Died.” 1887. <b>Ark Gazette</b>, June 24, p. 1.</span></span><span style="color: windowtext;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Jacobi and his wife had seven children, one of whom died
in childhood. They were Rachael (1846 – 1905), Henry Jr. (1848 – 1851),
Susannah (1850 – 1873), Clara (1852 – 1828), Lillie (1854 – 1920), Rosa (1854 –
1937), and Albert Cohen (1857 – 1919). Rachael and Henry Jr. were born in Pennsylvania,
the others in Little Rock.</span></span><span style="color: windowtext;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Catherine Jewell (1837 – 1901), the younger sister of
Sarah Ann Jewell, moved to Little Rock from Cincinnati with her husband George
Baehr in the latter part of 1860 or early 1861. Baehr, born in Bavaria, was,
like Jacobi, a bookbinder. He volunteered for the Capital Guards, a Little Rock
militia, incorporated into the Confederate Army as Co. A, Arkansas
Sixth Regiment. Baehr was killed in action on June 27, 1864, at the Battle of
Kennesaw Mountain in Georgia. According to testimony heard by the U.S. Southern
Claims Commission, Catherine Jewell lived in a small house on land next to
Jacobi’s Grove during the Civil War. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Calvin L.
Collier. 1961. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">First In – Last Out: The
Capitol Guards, <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Arkansas Brigade in the
Civil War</span></b>. Pioneer Press (Little Rock), p. 115.</span><span style="color: red;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">11. His first advertisement was
published on October 14, 1851.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Book
Binding.” 1851. </span></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Ark. Banner</span></b></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">, Oct. 14, p. 3.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The same ad was
published on Oct. 17 in the <b>Weekly Ark. Gazette</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jacobi regularly advertised in the years that
followed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His typical advertisement was
as follows: <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">“The undersigned would inform the
public of Arkansas that his Book-Bindery is in full operation, and that he is
prepared to bind new books or to rebind old books at Cincinnati prices. As he
purchased his stock of materials for cash in New York and executes the work
himself, in person, there are no extra charges for profits at his Bindery.
Persons in the city or in any part of the state who may have the kindness to
give him their patronage may rely on their work being done on unusually
reasonable terms and with neatness and dispatch.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">On Dec. 5, 1957, he started
publishing a new, longer advertisement that repeatedly ran in the <b>Arkansas
Gazette</b>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>See “Henry Jacobi.
Bookseller, Book Binder, Stationer, and Blank Book Manufacturer.” <b>Weekly
Ark. Gazette</b>, Dec. 5, p. 3. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">The ad included this note:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“N.B. As I am a practical mechanic, much
experienced, and long established in my business; doing most of my work with my
own hands and when assistants are necessarily employed, giving it my immediate
personal supervision, I am enabled to not only guarantee its fidelity, but to
sell it at mechanic’s prices, without extra profits. And essentially as I do
business on the cheap system (both buying and selling) I am further enabled as
I have done from the beginning, unchanged even by late flush times, to supply
my customers with every article in my line, in good faith at the lowest prices,
at which it is practicable to live, carry on business, and to remain solvent in
this community.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">12. Testimony to the U.S. Southern Claims Commission. Claim
21,507 filed by Henry Jacobi, “Southern Claims Commission, Approved Claims,
1871-1880,” a database accessed at Fold3.com.</span></span><span style="color: windowtext;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">13. “The Great Sag Nicht Rally in Saline.” 1855. <b>Weekly
Ark. Gazette</b>, Nov. 2, p. 3.</span></span><span style="color: windowtext;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">14. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Carolyn Gray
LeMaster claims in her book that Jacobi was Jewish but offers no evidence to
support that conclusion. She may have mixed him up with Hirsh Jacobi (1840 – 1897),
who settled in Little Rock after the war and was active in the local synagogue.
Hirsh’s wife, Amalia Kahn Jacobi (1834 - 1926), opened a Millinery and Dry
Goods Shop on Main Street in 1871 and advertised herself as “Mrs. H. Jacobi --<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Millinery and Fancy Goods” until she went
bankrupt in 1876. See, for example, “Mrs. H. Jacobi – Millinery and Fancy Goods
(adv).” 1874. <b>Ark. Gazette</b>, p. 4 and “Bankrupt Sale.” 1876. <b>Ark.
Gazette</b>, Aug. 19, p. 4.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Henry Jacobi
and Hirsch Jacobi were not related.</span></span><span style="color: windowtext;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">15. LaMaster reviewed Jacobi’s credit reports compiled by R.G.
Dun & Co. during the 1850s. (These reports are housed in Harvard University’s
Baker Library.) The reports document that he was “quite poor with modest trade”
when he started his store, but gradually increased his stock and business. LaMaster,
1994, p. 14.</span></span><span style="color: windowtext;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">16. Some evidence suggests that part of Jacobi’s financial
problems resulted from unpaid or under-paid binding work he did for the state
Printing Office in 1858, 1859, and 1860. Before the Civil War and for several years
after its end, he tried to get the Arkansas General Assembly to pay him more for
the work he had done. See, for example, “Legislative Proceedings.” 1860. <b>Weekly
Ark. Gazette</b>, Nov. 17, p. 2 and “House of Representatives.” 1860. <b>Weekly
Ark. Gazette</b>, Dec. 22, p. 2. (The State Senate passed a relief bill for
Jacobi, but the House of Representatives narrowly rejected it.) Also see, “General
Assembly of Arkansas. “1868. <b>Ark. Gazette</b>, Dec. 15, p. 2.</span></span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">17. “Hoop Shirks” (adv). 1859. <b>Weekly Ark. Gazette</b>,
Oct. 1, p. 3 and “Ladies’ Shoes at Mrs. Jacobi’s” (adv) 1860. <b>Weekly Ark.
Gazette</b>, January 28, p. 3.</span></span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">18.</span></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“Jacobi’s Garden.” 1861. <b>Weekly
Ark. Gazette</b>, July 6, p. 3. The advertisement stated: <span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">“The
undersigned at his place near the western boundary of the city of Little Rock, has
opened a garden, and is prepared to furnish refreshments to such as favor him
with the patronage. The place is quiet and retired, and kept in the most
orderly manner. Ice cream, light wines, and other refreshments on hand, and
served to persons singly or in parties. He solicits a share of public
patronage. Henry Jacobi.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="color: windowtext;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">19. The testimony of Shederick Parrish and the others that
follow are in Claim 21,507 filed by Henry Jacobi, “Southern Claims Commission,
Approved Claims, 1871-1880,” a database accessed at Fold3.com.</span></span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">20.</span></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Jacobi gave similar advice to Nelson
Douglas, the slave of a Confederate Army officer. According to Brooks, a few
days before the occupation, “[Jacobi] told me to remain in Little Rock and not
to go south with Col. Brooks and the Confederate Army.” Brooks took the advice.
On the day that the Union Army arrived, Brooks went to work for Jacobi, living
at his place until June 1865. Testimony of Nelson Douglas in<span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Claim 21,507 filed by Henry Jacobi, “Southern Claims
Commission, Approved Claims, 1871-1880,” database accessed at Fold3.com.</span></span></span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">21. Nothing was found about her in </span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">searches
of Ancestry.com, familysearch.org, newspapers.com, newspaperarchives.com, and
geneologybank.com.</span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">22. See</span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <a href="http://www.arkansaspreservation.com/National-Register-Listings/PDF/PU5892.nr.pdf"><span style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.arkansaspreservation.com/National-Register-Listings/PDF/PU5892.nr.pdf</span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">23. “</span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Oakland and Fraternal Historic Cemetery
Records,” accessed on familysearch.org.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext;">24. According to the 1870 census, the self-assessed value of
her real estate was $10,000, about $198,500 in 2020 purchasing power. The
estimate of 2020 purchasing power was calculated at the following website:</span></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"> <a href="https://www.in2013dollars.com/">https://www.in2013dollars.com/</a></span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">25. See </span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“Glimpses of Yesterday.” 1934. <b>Ark.
Gazette</b>, Mar. 11, p. 30 and Renton Tunnah. 1929. <span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">“City Wore a
Different Aspect During the Reconstruction Days.” 1929. <b>Ark. Gazette</b>,
March 31, p. 12. </span></span>For more on the Packet House, see <a href="http://www.arkansaspreservation.com/National-Register-Listings/PDF/PU3243.nr.pdf"><span style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">http://www.arkansaspreservation.com/National-Register-Listings/PDF/PU3243.nr.pdf</span></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">26. Robert C. Newton commanded Baxter’s military forces in
the 1874 Brook-Baxter War.</span></span><span style="color: windowtext;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">27. Mrs. Reider’s </span></span><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">tombstone
has the date of her death as November 16, 1898. However, her obituaries are
dated 1897: “Mrs. Anna Reider’s Death.” 1897. <b>Ark. Gazette</b>, Nov. 16, p.
5 and “The Oldest Resident of Little Rock.” 1897. <b>Forrest City Times</b>,
Nov. 19, p. 6. (The likely date of her death was Nov. 14, 1897; <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the <b>Arkansas Gazette</b> obituary published
on Tuesday, Nov. 16, stated that her death was on the preceding Sunday.)</span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: text1;">28. Jacobi’s Grove hosted many
events, including the city’s first Maifest, held by ethnic Germans in 1867.
Also, it was a popular venue for events held by the city’s former slaves. Jacobi
sold this property in the early 1870s, but the name and venue remained in use into
the 1880s. See </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">“May Festival.” 1867. <b>Ark. Gazette</b>, May 19, p. 3
and “The Fourth of July.” 1868, <b>Weekly Ark. Gazette</b>, Jul 7, p. 2.</span></span> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">29. <span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">“Post of Little Rock.” 1865. <b>Ark.
Gazette</b>, May 11, p. 4; “Item.” 1865. <b>Weekly Arkansas Gazette</b>, Oct 7,
p. 2; and “City Chamber, Little Rock.” 1867. <b>Ark. Gazette</b>, March 21,
1867, p. 3.</span></span></span><span style="color: windowtext;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">30. “Election Results.” 1868. <b>Morning Republican</b>,
March 4, p. 2 and “Result of the State Election.” 1870. <b>Ark. Gazette</b>,
Nov. 15, p. 4.</span></span><span style="color: windowtext;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">31. “For Circuit and Criminal Court Clerk and Recorder” (adv).
1872. <b>Ark. Gazette</b>, Sept 13, p. 4.</span></span><span style="color: windowtext;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">32. “The Election: The Returns as Far as Received–Pulaski
County Redeemed.”1874. <b>Ark. Gazette</b>, Oct 15, p. 4 and “Little Rock
Locals.” 1874<b>. Ark. Gazette</b>, Dec 31, p 4.</span></span><span style="color: windowtext;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">33. <span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">“Resigned.” 1883. <b>Ark. Democrat</b>,
Dec. 12, p. 1.</span></span></span><span style="color: windowtext;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">34. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jacobi
mentioned the forced sale of his land in his 1874 testimony before the U.S.
Southern Claims Commission. Claim 21,507 filed by Henry Jacobi, “Southern
Claims Commission, Approved Claims, 1871-1880,” database accessed at Fold3.com.</span></span><span style="color: windowtext;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">35.</span></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“The Late Henry Jacobi.” 1887. <b>Ark.
Gazette</b>, July 5, p. 5 and <span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">“Mrs.
S. A. Jacobi Dead.” 1905. <b>Ark. Gazette</b>, Jan. 1, p. 7. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>Dan Durninghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10639064524903151404noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-537999101514441161.post-19577167535574457582020-10-01T11:21:00.009-07:002020-10-02T12:55:26.678-07:00Remembering the Life of Denis John Fodor (1927 - 2020)<p><span style="font-family: verdana;">When I learned of the recent death of Denis Fodor, I
immediately recalled my conversation with him in June 2012 that evoked a past I
had previously explored only through old newspaper articles, biographies, and history
books. I had been researching the life of Denis’s father, M. W. Fodor, a
Vienna-based correspondent who had covered middle Europe and the Balkans during
the inter-war period for the <b>Manchester Guardian,</b> and Denis knew more
about his father’s life than anyone else alive. Plus, he had memories of living
as a child in Vienna during the early 1930s, and many adventures after that. I
spent more than two pleasurable hours listening to Denis tell about his life
and that of his father, seeing the past through the eyes of a witness.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The conversation with Fodor has been arranged and was also
attended by Fabienne Gouverneur, who at the time was a doctoral student at Andr</span><span style="font-family: verdana;">á</span><span style="font-family: verdana;">ssy
University in Budapest doing research for a dissertation that centered on M.W.
Fodor and his correspondence over the years with important people, especially
Sen. J. W. Fulbright. She had interviewed Denis Fodor once before and would
have subsequent meetings with him, becoming well acquainted with him and his
family. Information gathered from her talks with Fodor helped inform her
dissertation and related book, both titled </span><b style="font-family: verdana;">Personal, Confidential: Mike W.
Fodor als Netwerker und Kulturmittler. Both </b><span style="font-family: verdana;">include a comprehensive
biography of M.W. Fodor.</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgviXK8yR_IP03frIXMuHaLPbC8DqgNszdNhDxTTtXhiPuizmJiwa1p7J_BCqx3TYI2TJYKFR-KV7rl3p-cAJhjNmQaNspFBAOUMAJ_I7sAghFejJV8FDVmrMIuly0whZVl8cshHxNF_IQ/s2048/PXL_20200930_202833147.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1434" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgviXK8yR_IP03frIXMuHaLPbC8DqgNszdNhDxTTtXhiPuizmJiwa1p7J_BCqx3TYI2TJYKFR-KV7rl3p-cAJhjNmQaNspFBAOUMAJ_I7sAghFejJV8FDVmrMIuly0whZVl8cshHxNF_IQ/s320/PXL_20200930_202833147.jpg" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">We met with Denis Fodor at his apartment on a quiet street in
Munich and our conversation was accompanied by a modest lunch that he served. He
answered our many questions with eloquence, intelligence, and some sharp edges.
He remembered some things that occurred more than seven decades ago with great
clarity, but some memories were elusive and, frustratingly, some things, such
as the circumstances of the deaths of his grandparents, he did not know. He later
replied to many other questions in e-mail exchanges.</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Denis was still residing </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">in Munich</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">when the
end came in late July 2020. He was 93 years old. His death was not (as far as
I can tell) reported by any newspaper or memorialized in any obituary.</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">In his honor, I will tell here some of his life's narrative and a few of the memories that he shared with Fabienne and me.</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1BRTIKjS0a1xSs2LzR6-M8FUTHAS0_4zZhI6hMm4o5FOZ_jflJXcTCvSkYIhXZwHpCS3su_IhxVMeZjcSYuqE_sgTpOSXiaG1fafQrJPV1q2eiZ3kUZ8qg6UQ9CSUAs5sm8v9iorl6S4/s2048/FODOR2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1607" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1BRTIKjS0a1xSs2LzR6-M8FUTHAS0_4zZhI6hMm4o5FOZ_jflJXcTCvSkYIhXZwHpCS3su_IhxVMeZjcSYuqE_sgTpOSXiaG1fafQrJPV1q2eiZ3kUZ8qg6UQ9CSUAs5sm8v9iorl6S4/s320/FODOR2.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">M. W. Fodor<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The story of Denis Fodor’s life must begin by introducing
his father and describing the circumstances of Denis’s early life in Vienna.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>M. W. Fodor, Denis’s father, was named Marcel
Vilmos Fodor at birth and was later known by his friends as “Mike.” He was born
to a wealthy family in Budapest in 1890, and he trod an improbable path to a
distinguished career in journalism; from that perch, he observed, commented on,
interpreted, and swam in the tide of events in Europe that changed the world after
World War I. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After earning a degree in
1911 from the University of Budapest in chemical engineering, M. W. went to Great
Britain in 1912 to work for the Frodingham Iron and Steel Company in Scunthorpe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When World War I began, he was initially
interned as an “enemy alien,” but was released in March 1917 to live on the
estate of Lord Mowbray at Allerton to do “important war work.” As the war ended,
he -- implausibly -- got a job as a <b>Manchester Guardian</b> correspondent
reporting from Vienna.<b><span style="color: red;">[1]</span></b><span style="color: red;"> </span>Although he lacked experience as a journalist, M.W.
Fodor spoke several languages of countries in middle Europe and the Balkans, and
he had traveled extensively in the areas he was to cover for his newspaper. He
soon developed an encyclopedic knowledge of the leaders and politics of the
European countries on this beat and he made good friends of other Anglo-American
correspondents stationed in Vienna during the inter-war years, most of whom hung
out at the Café Louvre, where M.W. was often at the center of conversations
about current events.</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJ0mn55JMCSdZ6Fc8zzXOfipHL6WM_jUtc3zqgrJMOonBURCAADWjYEzFpR3vlx0SfTy1Knn65xmGOuNSPcxmQ5KK3vgm4LDCCavRd0p6A6a1xE-W2Z-PTmkOYWTFuBet_HVJQWWZ2QIU/s2048/PXL_20201001_180033998.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1492" data-original-width="2048" height="291" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJ0mn55JMCSdZ6Fc8zzXOfipHL6WM_jUtc3zqgrJMOonBURCAADWjYEzFpR3vlx0SfTy1Knn65xmGOuNSPcxmQ5KK3vgm4LDCCavRd0p6A6a1xE-W2Z-PTmkOYWTFuBet_HVJQWWZ2QIU/w400-h291/PXL_20201001_180033998.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Photograph from Ken Cuthbertson, <br />Inside: The Biography of <br />John Gunther. </b></span></td></tr></tbody></table> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">In 1925, M.W. Fodor married Martha Roob, whom he had met in
Vienna. She had been born in Slovakia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her
mother was Slovakian, and her father, from Vienna, was a professional soldier in
the Austrian army. She lived for many years with her parents in Hungary after
her father was posted there.</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Denis entered the world on June 27, 1927. He was M.W. and
Martha Fodor’s first and only child. Their <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>celebration of his birth was interrupted a
couple of weeks later when M. W. had to cover Vienna’s “Days of Horror” (July
15-17), during which Vienna’s police killed 85 demonstrators who were protesting
a court’s acquittal of three right-wing militia members who had murdered a
child and an invalid war veteran in January. They had shot into a crowd of Social
Democrats who were parading in Schattendorf, a village near the Hungarian
border. The July eruption of violence, during which demonstrators set the
Ministry of Justice building on fire, propelled Austria toward the end of its
democracy.<b><span style="color: red;">[2]</span></b></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">A year later, a more pleasant event occurred in the lives of
the Fodors:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>J.W. Fulbright of
Fayetteville, Arkansas, came to Vienna. The future senator’s study at Oxford University
as a Rhodes Scholar had ended, and after a tour of Europe with his mother, he
decided to hang out in Vienna. While there, he found the Café Louvre and M. W.
Fodor, who became a mentor. Later, M. W. Fodor and Fulbright exchanged
correspondence for more than two decades.</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">As Denis was growing up, he met his father’s famous friends,
sometimes with his parents at the Café Louvre and sometimes at their home on B<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ö</span>rsegasse,
near the Maria am Gestade Church. These friends included Dorothy Thompson, who
arrived in Vienna as a young woman in 1921 with hopes of breaking into
journalism; John Gunther who moved in 1930 to Vienna to cover events for the <b>Chicago
Daily News</b>, and William Shirer, a journalist who stumbled into Vienna in
1929 as an insecure leftist reporter for the <b>Chicago Tribune</b>, a paper
owned by reactionary capitalist. Thompson later became the second most famous
woman in the U.S., eclipsed only Elinor Roosevelt, through the newspaper column
she wrote from the later 1930s into the 1950s; Gunther’s fame came from his
series of “Inside,” books, the first of which was <b>Inside Europe,</b>
published in 1936; and Shirer – who was fired by his newspaper not long after
he arrived in Vienna <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">–</span> became a household name when he made regular radio
reports from Berlin in the latter part of the 1930s and his books <b>Berlin
Diary</b> and the <b>Rise and Fall of the Third Reich</b> became best sellers.</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv213JGI8J5txJAShRXVYi-7kzWQj9vYUxcmJbklDtIMi0OXjjQIUABOBSDazm50DOhh-P9BIGt9LlhVhKf-BhuOwuxTY6g4OO8QSU4dc6q38F21_gorVhESm2jgU4keAmx-irIwfhSFQ/s1276/southofhitlercrop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><b><img border="0" data-original-height="1112" data-original-width="1276" height="555" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv213JGI8J5txJAShRXVYi-7kzWQj9vYUxcmJbklDtIMi0OXjjQIUABOBSDazm50DOhh-P9BIGt9LlhVhKf-BhuOwuxTY6g4OO8QSU4dc6q38F21_gorVhESm2jgU4keAmx-irIwfhSFQ/w640-h555/southofhitlercrop.jpg" width="640" /></b></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-small;">Picture was taken in about 1932. Published in M.W. Fodor. 1939. South of Hitler</span>.<br /></b></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Another of Fodor’s friends was Robert Best, whom Denis also
liked, a reporter for the United Press news service, who later became infamous
when he stayed in Germany during World War II and made propaganda broadcasts
back to the U.S.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After the war, Best was
convicted of treason for his actions and died while still in prison.<b><span style="color: red;">[3]<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf6wX62r29q-MGDHxqWE_5Cm4NI4U0Nzxmxgrf_PohSuYWQxstoqPz5WqezU_tkixA3cWmdr4YI1fVL1G8bz1tn1188jlrl4tCMuCSOEs6Bokm2_u-L-orN6GzMwilotWbfxD-CpUS54Q/s2048/PXL_20201001_180111664.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1494" data-original-width="2048" height="291" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf6wX62r29q-MGDHxqWE_5Cm4NI4U0Nzxmxgrf_PohSuYWQxstoqPz5WqezU_tkixA3cWmdr4YI1fVL1G8bz1tn1188jlrl4tCMuCSOEs6Bokm2_u-L-orN6GzMwilotWbfxD-CpUS54Q/w400-h291/PXL_20201001_180111664.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Robert Best (left) with his<br />brother and sister as his treason trial ended.<br />AP press photograph</b></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Surrounded by these and other talented journalists, Denis
Fodor grew up in turbulent times. In February 1934, a few months before his seventh
birthday, Vienna had a brief civil war instigated by Chancellor Englebert
Dollfuss and the Christian Socialist Party, with its militia and the country’s
army routing the supporters of the Social Democrats. The victors installed the
one-party Fatherland Front (Vaterländische Front)<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">, </span>an Austro-fascist government,
as the country’s regime. A few months later, at the end of July, Dollfus was
murdered by Austrian Nazis as they attempted to take over the government. In
March 1938, when Denis was ten years old, Hitler sent the German Army to annex
Austria.<b><span style="color: red;">[4]</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">During his early school years, Denis was enrolled in the
Schottenschule (now Schottengymnasium), a private Catholic school located a
short walk from his home. At the time, he attended a Catholic Church with his
mother, a Catholic. His father did not go to church but embraced Quaker beliefs.
Nevertheless, both M. W. and Denis Fodor would have been classified under Nazi
racial laws as Jewish because M. W. Fodor’s mother, Berta von Auspitz, came from
a Jewish family. (M. W.’s father, Janos Fodor, was not Jewish.)</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">As Vienna’s Nazis became more brazen in their behavior and anti-Semitism
grew in Vienna, Denis’ parents sent him to England in 1936 to study at Abinger
Hill School, a progressive and prestigious private school in Surrey. He was
studying there on March 12, 1938, when German troops marched into Vienna. His
parents fled Austria a week later after selling their apartment at a fraction
of its value, leaving behind furniture, books, and papers.</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Soon after the Anschluss, the Fodor family made a trip to
the United States and began the process of obtaining U.S. citizenship. With
their citizenship clock ticking and permission granted to be absent from the
U.S., the Fodors departed for England in June 1938 so that M. W. could resume
reporting from Europe for the <b>Chicago Daily News </b>and the<b> New Republic
</b>and Denis could prepare to return to his school.</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Two years later, following Germany’s invasion of the Low
Countries, Denis and his mother hurriedly left England to travel to the United
States, arriving aboard the M.V. Britannic on June 21, 1940. They were joined there
by M.W. Fodor on the following day. He had been in Belgium in May when the Germans
attacked, had made his way to Portugal via Paris, and had flown to New York
City on a Pan Am “Atlantic Clipper” flight.</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The Fodor family spent the summer of 1940 at Dorothy
Thompson’s expansive farm in Vermont. There, Denis spent time with his good
friend Michael Lewis (1930-1975), Dorothy’s son, whom he had met earlier while
living in Vienna. When summer ended, the Fodors settled in Chicago, where M.
W. taught for a while at the Illinois Institute of Technology and later became
a columnist for the <b>Chicago Sun.</b> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1943, M. W. was granted citizenship and
Denis received “derivative citizenship.”</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVtJYjcqwfY7924a0qzrHpZyHgUW9PJFETp25JwvSgAZeyFG02wQbrKdeoOfMgKOlhK7m1ra4XZgyAqHZqmS6mNIjnOKSIsuM2f-TQn0dFZO0eAhxrbnRPE_fZe8vsN_yFJyCrq3iAUxM/s1744/naturalization_intention.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1744" data-original-width="1489" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVtJYjcqwfY7924a0qzrHpZyHgUW9PJFETp25JwvSgAZeyFG02wQbrKdeoOfMgKOlhK7m1ra4XZgyAqHZqmS6mNIjnOKSIsuM2f-TQn0dFZO0eAhxrbnRPE_fZe8vsN_yFJyCrq3iAUxM/w341-h400/naturalization_intention.jpg" width="341" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Initial Citizenship Application, 1938<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Denis attended Chicago’s Francis W. Parker High School, a
private school with a progressive college-prep curriculum, graduating in May
1944.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One episode in his life during his
high school years was documented in the <b>Chicago Sun</b>:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Living with his family at the
Sherwin-on-the-Lake Apartments, 1205 Sherwin Ave., a few hundred feet from Lake
Michigan, Denis had tried to rescue occupants of an airplane that had crashed
into Lake Michigan within view of his apartment. According to the <b>Chicago
Sun</b>, “Dennis Fodor, 15, … saw the plane crash, ran downstairs from his
apartment…and began swimming out to the plane. His mother said, ‘Dennis tried
at first to launch his sailboat, but he couldn’t; the water was too choppy. He
then kicked off his shoes and began swimming but the rescue boat had already
reached the pilot.’”<b><span style="color: red;">[5]</span></b></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Between Fall 1944 and March 1949, Denis earned an
undergraduate degree in English from Harvard College, taking time out to serve
in the U.S. Army, with a stint as an army translator in Vienna. At Harvard, he
played club football and basketball, and he had several stories published in
the college’s literary magazines. He lived with two roommates in the apartment inhabited by Franklin Delano Roosevelt when he studied at
Harvard. After graduating, Denis moved to Germany – the front line of the Cold
War -- where he took a job reporting for the United Press. His parents were
living in Berlin at the time. His father edited the Berlin edition of <b>Die
Neue Zeitung</b>, a daily newspaper published by the occupying U.S.
forces.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiodj16ASbZ0dn__UQVrTB3fn9sVUWipkC_G9afhyie1suhUoiAop52kEpeM4u_f84ThUpcU9jnFl6lO-_4o08L8VzTcdaQWFjxqhwz5pFMUEDZ9fzNZlJZ_86pf_1vOCJRslSCawasXDM/s484/Fodor4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="415" data-original-width="484" height="343" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiodj16ASbZ0dn__UQVrTB3fn9sVUWipkC_G9afhyie1suhUoiAop52kEpeM4u_f84ThUpcU9jnFl6lO-_4o08L8VzTcdaQWFjxqhwz5pFMUEDZ9fzNZlJZ_86pf_1vOCJRslSCawasXDM/w400-h343/Fodor4.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">1947 Harvard Yearbook <br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">In about 1953, Denis Fodor began reporting for <b>Time</b>
and <b>Life</b> magazines. He covered the 1956 uprising in Hungary and soon
after that was sent to Beirut to write about events in the volatile Middle
East. Not long after finishing that assignment, he switched from reporting to editing
for <b>Time </b>and <b>Life</b> magazines. He spent the rest of his life
working as an editor, first for Time/Life, then the <b>Encyclopedia Britannica</b>,
and finally <b>Reader’s Digest</b>. He lived during much of the 1960s in New
York; several years during the 1970s in Paris, where <b>Reader’s Digest</b> had
its European office; and most of the rest of his life in Munich. In 1981, he
co-wrote a book, <b>The Neutrals</b>, about the history of the European countries
that remained neutral – or tried to – during World War II. Published by
Time/Life, it was positively reviewed.</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAFAk4X5CL0J8x3vJuC20C7w5Nv3WWnok_nOMKPajOgcITU0A2LRFUuL72qbQMyH90VFagi6CtaCyBVYAosb9VyQA-y_s8TXUaMG25MXxM_oRQbh80O-HM3iurEe49INBrkMYk4LJyAag/s2048/PXL_20200930_202820033.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1553" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAFAk4X5CL0J8x3vJuC20C7w5Nv3WWnok_nOMKPajOgcITU0A2LRFUuL72qbQMyH90VFagi6CtaCyBVYAosb9VyQA-y_s8TXUaMG25MXxM_oRQbh80O-HM3iurEe49INBrkMYk4LJyAag/s320/PXL_20200930_202820033.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Cover of The Neutrals by<br />Denis J. Fodor</b></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">When I had the chance to ask him questions in June 2012,
most of my inquiries had to do with his memories of his early years in Vienna
and of his father. Below are the summaries of some of the questions I asked and
his responses to those questions, plus some of his other recollections that the
illustrated the richness of his life.</span><span style="font-family: verdana; text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;">The Stammtisch for Anglo-American Journalists at the Café
Louvre</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">As I read about the lives of Fodor, Thompson, Gunther,
Shirer, and other English-speaking journalists stationed in Vienna during the 1920s and 1930s, I was struck by the Café Louvre's role in their
lives.<b><span style="color: red;">[6] </span></b>It was a regular meeting place
for them as they did their work, and it provided a comfortable locale for socializing.
At the Café Louvre, the journalists had a Stammtisch – a table or tables at the
café reserved for them because they were regular customers. The café’s first-district
location was perfect: it was a few steps from the Central Telegraph office from
which the journalists could send their stories by telegraph. Also, it was across
the street from Radio Austria, which could transmit urgent stories to their newspapers
by wireless communications.</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQeTuRp5deAIrsnxqPVkFYPIe_MASZzAwf5funDOVh42U2KirXuMP5e9QXDwIewZyFJ4uyh-gA0CoiwqquMPoP_xrtikiEC2n9laUfXU3DHQ4tzF2GaKuAUJvE9zpepK1MEliQ3hgqV7Q/s800/cafelouvre1940.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="527" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQeTuRp5deAIrsnxqPVkFYPIe_MASZzAwf5funDOVh42U2KirXuMP5e9QXDwIewZyFJ4uyh-gA0CoiwqquMPoP_xrtikiEC2n9laUfXU3DHQ4tzF2GaKuAUJvE9zpepK1MEliQ3hgqV7Q/w264-h400/cafelouvre1940.jpg" width="264" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Cafe Louvre in about 1940<br />From Der Spiegel</b></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">I was eager to hear what Denis remembered about Café Louvre, where he spent time as a kid. In the interview and some email exchanges, I
learned the following from him:</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The café, located at the corner of Wipplinger and Renngasse, was in a
neo-baroque or gothic building that “had eyebrows." The building had a
dog-leg design. It was about five stories tall.</span></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">In the middle of the L-shaped room of the cafe were marble top tables
with cane chairs. On the sides were booths, upholstered in cloth. The waiters
carried silver trays. The head waiter wore tails. The others wore smoking
jackets with butterfly ties. Patrons called the head waiter by his last name.
They called the other waiters by their first names. The usual order was one of
several types of coffee -- melange, kleiner braune. You could also get a simple
meal such as goulash or soup such as leberkn</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">öd</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">el. The dessert trays had cake and strudel
of various kinds.”</span></span><i><o:p><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Robert Best at
the Café Louvre</span></span></b><b style="text-indent: 0.5in;"><o:p><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></o:p></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">One journalist used
the Café Louvre as his office, even receiving telephone calls and his mail
there. That man was Robert Best, who had, over time, made the café the central meeting
</span>point for most English-speaking foreign journalists in Vienna. He had
done so by running a side business at the café that helped other journalists stay
informed about breaking stories, covered for them when they were absent from
the city, and provided other small services that made their jobs easier. The
many journalists who worked with Best during his time in Vienna, most of whom
considered him a friend, were shocked when he stayed in Europe after the start
of World War II and made anti-Semitic propaganda broadcasts back to the U.S.<b><span style="color: red;">[7]</span></b></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Best was a well-liked, but strange character. Elements of
his life and personality were captured in two books written by journalists who
knew him well. The first book, <b>The Lost City</b>, was written by John
Gunther in the last half of the 1930s, but the publication of this roman a clef was
delayed for nearly thirty years because of fears that some of its characters,
who were clearly based on journalists and others living in Vienna in the early
1930s, would sue the publisher for libel. Foremost among those who might have
claimed defamation was Robert Best, whose character in the novel was James N.
Drew. According to the novel, Drew was “at once bashful, boyish, and portentous…
a stout man in his middle thirties, with a heavy long face and an extraordinarily
sweet – that was the only word for it – smile…. He was a mess, but, God damn
it, he did have that sweetness.” In the novel, Drew – as apparently in real
life --did some sleazy and even dishonest things.<b><span style="color: red;">[8]</span></b></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_8avX18k8VpMlVtnVR4lRjBvgvRmwVYuCpw6r8amN3UY_G1rrx49Obk0cXP-OADaDLFBTsi9bfHG-rYEigtl3ANi6HoRNSqVFwONzQUWDx_vzxYNyuZbNoq9_6lkrQna0cDU-UrSlKpo/s1251/shirertraitor.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1251" data-original-width="827" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_8avX18k8VpMlVtnVR4lRjBvgvRmwVYuCpw6r8amN3UY_G1rrx49Obk0cXP-OADaDLFBTsi9bfHG-rYEigtl3ANi6HoRNSqVFwONzQUWDx_vzxYNyuZbNoq9_6lkrQna0cDU-UrSlKpo/s320/shirertraitor.jpg" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Best was also the inspiration for the main character of William
Shirer’s novel, <b>The Traitor</b>, which was set in Berlin. The character,
Oliver Knight, according to the cover blurb, had “to choose…between returning
to the land of his birth or staying in wartime Germany to satisfy his hunger
for lust and power.” He made the wrong choice.<b><span style="color: red;">[9]</span></b></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">I asked Denis of his
memory of Robert Best, and he gave a surprising answer. According to my notes,
he observed that Robert Best was among his father’s <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">best friends. Denis remembered Best as a "very nice man" and
a "poor slob" who was deeply Southern, not too bright, and a bit
uncouth. Illustrating the last point, Denis noted that Best spooned goulash
sauce onto his Sachertorte. He also mentioned the Romanian "Princess"
that Best supported (the “princess” was also an unsavory character in the
novels written by Gunther and Shirer), saying that she was on drugs and he had
to scramble to pay her costs.</span></span><i><o:p><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></o:p></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Denis recalled that
Best often would loan his father money at the end of the month to help him make
ends meet. He stated his opinion that his father would have testified in favor
of Best as his trial for treason. He said that neither he nor his father blamed
Best for what happened. According to Denis, Best was forced into his actions by
specific circumstances, and we do not know what we would do if we were in those
circumstances.</span></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;">The Fodors in John Gunther’s
Novel, The Lost City<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Among the sympathetic characters in Gunther’s <b>The Lost
City</b> are three who were clearly based on the Fodors, whom Gunther obviously
liked.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Laszlo Sandor was the name given
to M. W. Fodor, Martha Fodor was Erji Sandor, and Denis was Albrecht, nicknamed
“Putzi,” which was Denis’s nickname when he was a boy. Here are some short
descriptions from the book:</span><span style="font-family: verdana; text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnF_vcASRhzkCIJeF2TcxjDyA3bjCNL9RRJBPh4zmPsJ4WbQQ72x-oWXmvzLzX1XwRM7K_FYlnnbQQjv3O87_xZx8dx4YmJo4lysA9t-6S1G3ddLAz2XB1UF_14cIledb5rzsnfYhFVXo/s2048/lost-city.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1383" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnF_vcASRhzkCIJeF2TcxjDyA3bjCNL9RRJBPh4zmPsJ4WbQQ72x-oWXmvzLzX1XwRM7K_FYlnnbQQjv3O87_xZx8dx4YmJo4lysA9t-6S1G3ddLAz2XB1UF_14cIledb5rzsnfYhFVXo/s320/lost-city.jpg" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Like Balkan kings, [Laszlo] Sandor
spoke no language perfectly, not even his own. His English had a Hungarian
accent, his Hungarian a French accent, his French a German accent, his German
an Italian accent, his Italian an English accent and so on around. His voice
carried a friendly chuckle, and his eyes, beyond heavy owl-like spectacles,
held a friendly gleam. He loved to elucidate, to share his wisdom; he would
say, “Now, it is something inter-est-ing that will happen. Let me tell you
about. He seldom conceded the necessity of using pronouns at the end of
sentences.</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Erji was a Slovak and probably had
gypsy blood. Her father, of the most respectable class, had been an
officer….She asked nothing better of life than that she should run the
household while he worked, sit quietly with him when he wrote his dispatches,
and then go to a coffeehouse by his side in the evening. Laszlo asked for
nothing more than what he had. She must always be close by [and] she could sing
the old gypsy songs when they had a party.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Albrecht, nicknamed Putzi, their
six-year old son, came in with Fr<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">äulein. He paid little attention to his
parents, but casually sat on the floor of the room where Sandor worked and
pulled a pile of toys from a bottom shelf. Laszlo beamed and Erji dropped on
her knees beside him, worshiping him with her eyes, adoring him. The child
yanked at a tin locomotive.</span></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.0in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">“For my name day I want a new
locomotive. This locomotive has only one smokestack. I want a locomotive with
two, three, six smokestacks!</span></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>“Locomotives
do not come with six smokestacks.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></o:p></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">“Oh,
yes, they do. My locomotives do.”</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">When I went to talk Denis Fodor in 2012, I took along a
paperback edition of <b>The Lost City</b> to give to him in case he did not
have a copy, had not read it recently, and might want to reread it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A few days after the meeting, I received an
e-mail from Denis in which he mentioned that he had re-read the book and
concluded that “the characters in it are either more or less composites. My
mother, for instance, is more composite than mother. I am Gunther’s Putzi and
was called that, but don’t remember myself as acting Gunther-like.”</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;">Dorothy Thompson’s and Sinclair
Lewis’s 1933 Christmas Celebration at Semmering <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Denis was present as a child at a famous Christmas party
hosted in 1932 by Dorothy Thompson and her husband Sinclair Lewis. The ten-day
party was held at Semmering, a small Alpine ski resort town in Lower Austria
about fifty miles from Vienna, and was attended by about forty of Dorothy’s
friends, both journalists and others.<b><span style="color: red;">[10]</span></b></span><span style="font-family: verdana; text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Accounts of this party can be found in the biographies of
Dorothy Thompson and Sinclair Lewis and in a book titled <b>Dorothy and Red</b>
by her friend Vincent Sheehan. Opinions about the party varied. M. W. Fodor is
quoted in one of Thompson’s biographies as describing it as “a week of
unadulterated pleasure enlivened by witty companions and his lovely Martha’s
gypsy songs performed nightly to her own guitar accompaniment.”<b><span style="color: red;">[10] </span></b><span style="color: red;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Other accounts, such as that given by
Lilian Mowrer, had less generous assessments of the party.<b><span style="color: red;">[11] <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b>Amid ten
days of fun, boredom, and drinking, two things happened to change the life of
Dorothy Thompson: her deepening estrangement from her husband Sinclair Lewis
and the feelings that she developed for one of her guests, Baroness Christa
Hatvay (also known as Christa Winsloe), author of a book titled <b>M</b><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ä</span>dchen
in Uniform</b>, which developed into a love affair.<b><span style="color: red;">[12]</span></b></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Photos from this holiday party can be found in Sheean’s book
and in Dorothy Thompson’s papers housed at Syracuse University. Included among
them are those of the five young children at the party, including Denis. On December
24, 2012, the day before the eightieth anniversary of the party, I sent an email
to Denis to ask him if he had any recollections of it. He replied that he had
some, but they were vague: “The Fodors put up at our accustomed hostelry, the
burgherly Hotel St. Johann. The others stayed at the Panhans, a modern (for the
times) luxury hotel. One or others may even have stayed at the very
conservative and luxurious S<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ü</span>dbahn Grand Hotel. For skiers there
was one slope that had a rope-lift, a novelty at the time, and another slope
that had none. I used the slope that had none (neither my father nor mother
skied). Meetings were over meals and cocktails. Buses, belonging to the postal
service, had skis attached to their front wheels and chains at the rear, took
care of the to-ing and fro-ing.” He later added, “I seem to remember a large
Christmas tree, very silvery, and boxes etc…..people… and Red Lewis sitting
there smiling benignly…It was in a house, not a hotel or hotel room. No Dorothy,
no Michael.”<br /> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifsyD-ARx6IJelWu54lF_CMLmV7IQSdAsavfrn6_4Om249SnsID_pyo6o5I71kpDX0Lh7GRo3hjSFgvJoxaFlcsnYumtV2Fl4EmE0_njH25JI2FSXgX4miQK5a-MIVXoZuWdEVn-RY1H0/s1901/photosemmering4.31.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1361" data-original-width="1901" height="285" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifsyD-ARx6IJelWu54lF_CMLmV7IQSdAsavfrn6_4Om249SnsID_pyo6o5I71kpDX0Lh7GRo3hjSFgvJoxaFlcsnYumtV2Fl4EmE0_njH25JI2FSXgX4miQK5a-MIVXoZuWdEVn-RY1H0/w400-h285/photosemmering4.31.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Children at Semmering, 1932<br />Denis Fodor is standing. Sitting by him is Michael Lewis.</b></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Later I sent him two photos of the five young children at
the event and asked him to point himself out in the photos. He confirmed that he is the only kid standing in the first picture, and the young boy near him
was Michael Lewis. In the second picture, he is sitting, and Michael Lewis is
standing.</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">Denis commented, “I used to
dress well back then.”</span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1309" data-original-width="1915" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipRX-pjG8f9l8VCbEMemTyKfg71n3YJm2w6_F2EaKz_ykBBDMfMyJuUhrJTBpJCbVwNJOcbk8lt5WYyJ_F9J8eParl0mRKLGQSj6y7MJ615kkkHFX2rjUa2KIFIA7E1oMNFmUJw77cA04/w400-h272/photosemmering5.17.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="400" /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>Children at Semmering, 1932<br />Denis Fodor is sitting. Michael Lewis is standing.</b></span></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;">Fodor and Fulbright</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Denis was only one year old when J. W. Fulbright showed up
in Vienna, so he had no memories of him. However, he heard his father talk
about Fulbright. I asked him what he recalled his father saying, and he replied
that M. W. Fodor had liked Fulbright from the start. He was impressed and
amused by him. Then he repeated a story about Fulbright that he heard from his
father:</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">In Vienna, it was custom before
Christmas for different charities to collect donations from people for
"Winterhilfe" -- literally winter help. One day, he and Fodor were
together at a place selling dairy products and were chatting when a person
soliciting contributions for the Nazi Winterhilfe campaign came into the room
and walked up to Fulbright to ask for a donation. Fulbright looked at the guy
then turned to Fodor for help figuring out who was soliciting the donation,
asking, "What domination is this?" <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;">Denis Fodor and Kim
Philby</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Denis lived in
Beirut for more than a year in 1958 and 1959, and he recalled that his
residence was an apartment had an angled view of the campus of the American
University of Beirut and another angled view of Beirut`s main lighthouse. Among
Denis’s acquaintances in Beirut was Kim Philby, who was a journalist working
for the </span><b style="font-family: verdana;">Economist</b><span style="font-family: verdana;">. According to Denis, Philby used to hang out at the
Hotel Normandie, just off the Corniche, and “after stealing the wife of Sam
Pope Brewer, the Beirut bureau chief of the New York Times,” he took an
apartment not far from there. Denis saw him daily and went to his house many
times. In fact, according to Denis, Philby was good friends with all the Americans
there. Philby stayed in Lebanon until January 1963, when he flew to Moscow as
evidence was mounting that he had been an important spy for the Soviet Union.
Before then, according to Denis, he and Philby’s other past and present colleagues
did not know that he was a spy.</span><b style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="color: red;">[13]</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Denis recalled that
his father had known Philby when, as a young man, he “pitched up in Vienna in
female company.” Philby connected with the Anglo-American press corps
in Vienna because of his connections with a member of the British press corps
there.</span><b style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="color: red;">[14] </span></b><span style="font-family: verdana;">During his time in Vienna,
according to Denis, “He seems to have been an overt far-leftist… and only
turned surreptitious later.” Denis also noted that “ingenues of the Liberal
flavor” who were visiting Vienna, as well as other visitors with suitable
recommendations, often ended up “being hand-held by my father.”</span><span style="color: red; font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;">M.W. Fodor From His Son’s
Perspective</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">When you read about someone’s life, it is important not only
to find out about what they did but also get a sense of what they were like and
what motivated them. We know that many of Fodor’s friends thought highly of
him, but it is also valuable to see him through his son's eyes. Here are
some of Denis’s observations about his father:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family: verdana;"> <span> </span><span> </span></span></o:p><span style="font-family: verdana;">My father was gregarious. Before
and during World War I, he had the money to circulate among the haute monde.</span><span style="font-family: verdana; text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">My father was never a writer as
such. He was a Central European intellectual of a liberal orientation and had
the kind of gregarious personality that could land him all kinds of interesting
jobs. He was a wonderful moderate man and a pacifist.</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">[My father] deserved to be rated an
intellectual…He had a higher education not only in engineering but also in the
humanities.</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The significance of John Hamilton
[whom M.W. Fodor said was his mentor] to my father was as a teacher of the
craft, not of the flow of history. My father was anything but a journalist by
education (though my grandfather (part-) owned two newspapers, one in Budapest
the other in Vienna). It was Hamilton, something of an intellectual, but mainly
just a <b>Manchester Guardian</b> hand, who showed my father how to make his
special kind of savvy of use to the editorial desks in Manchester. My father
was grateful to him for this, but he also respected him for the acuity of his judgment
of the situation as it developed in Berlin in the twenties.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">As the only correspondent on the
Guardian’s staff who was not Anglophone, the copy-desk editing that my father
required was done in Manchester….My father filed daily by dictation over the
telephone and did so from our apartment’s library, not from a separate office.
His daily beat consisted of meeting a circle of local personalities – officeholders, diplomats, scientists, musicians, artists, and so on.</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">My father:<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="font-family: verdana; text-indent: -0.25in;">*never wore
a wedding ring.<span> </span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal"><i style="font-family: verdana; text-indent: -0.25in;">*never
raised his voice, even when he was angry; in fact, he was seldom angry. </i></p><p class="MsoNormal"><i style="font-family: verdana; text-indent: -0.25in;">*was not docile but was quiet, even-tempered.</i></p><p class="MsoNormal"><i style="font-family: verdana; text-indent: -0.25in;">*had a
strong sense of history.</i></p><p class="MsoNormal"><i style="font-family: verdana; text-indent: -0.25in;">*understood and wrote about leaders as people.</i></p><p class="MsoNormal"><i style="font-family: verdana; text-indent: -0.25in;">*was not a
monarchist but thought the breakup of the empire was a mistake. </i></p><p class="MsoNormal"><i style="font-family: verdana; text-indent: -0.25in;">*did not
like Dollfuss very much. (Contrary to my impression based on his book, <b>South
of Hitler</b>)</i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">In one email, Denis told me, “I
always enjoy opportunities to talk about my father, who remains to me dearly
memorable.” </span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">I am glad that I had the
opportunity to meet Denis Fodor, not only to learn more about his father and
but also to learn more about his remarkable life.</span><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">--------------------------</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Footnotes:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">[1] Fran Baker. 2016. </span><b style="font-family: verdana;">South of Hitler: Marcel W. Fodor
and the Manchester Guardian</b><span style="font-family: verdana;">, August 12, The John Rylands Library Special
Collections Blog, accessed at </span><a href="https://rylandscollections.com/2016/08/12/south-of-hitler-marcel-w-fodor-and-the-manchester-guardian/" style="font-family: verdana;">https://rylandscollections.com/2016/08/12/south-of-hitler-marcel-w-fodor-and-the-manchester-guardian/</a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Fabienne Gouverneur. 2019. </span><b style="font-family: verdana;">Personal, Confidential: Mike
W. Fodor als Netzwerker und Kulturmittler</b><span style="font-family: verdana;">. New Academic Press, Vienna.</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family: verdana;">The dissertation on which the book is based
can be accessed at this web site: </span><a href="https://www.andrassyuni.eu/pubfile/de-213-dissertationfabiennegouverneur2016-doi.pdf" style="font-family: verdana;">https://www.andrassyuni.eu/pubfile/de-213-dissertationfabiennegouverneur2016-doi.pdf</a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Dan Durning. 2011. </span><b style="font-family: verdana;">Marcel W. Fodor, Foreign Correspondent </b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.scribd.com/document/65502558/Marcel-W-Fodor-Foreign-Correspondent" style="font-family: verdana;">https://www.scribd.com/document/65502558/Marcel-W-Fodor-Foreign-Correspondent</a><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">[2] See July 15-17, 1927: Days of Horror in Vienna, Austria
(blog entry). </span><a href="https://www.eclecticatbest.com/2012/01/july-15-17-1927-days-of-horror-in.html" style="font-family: verdana;">https://www.eclecticatbest.com/2012/01/july-15-17-1927-days-of-horror-in.html</a><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: #EEFCFF; mso-outline-level: 2;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">[3] </span><span style="color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Finding M. W. Fodor: Fulbright, Vienna, and Me (blog entry). </span></span><a href="https://www.eclecticatbest.com/2011/09/finding-m-w-fodor-fulbright-vienna-and.html" style="background-color: transparent; font-family: verdana;">https://www.eclecticatbest.com/2011/09/finding-m-w-fodor-fulbright-vienna-and.html</a><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">[4] See Austria’s Fatherland Front, 1933-1938 (blog entry). </span><a href="https://www.eclecticatbest.com/2011/08/austrias-fatherland-front-1933-1938.html" style="font-family: verdana;">https://www.eclecticatbest.com/2011/08/austrias-fatherland-front-1933-1938.html</a><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The Assassination of Engelbert Dollfuss, July 25, 1934 (blog
entry). </span><a href="https://www.eclecticatbest.com/2011/08/assassination-of-engelbert-dollfuss.html" style="font-family: verdana;">https://www.eclecticatbest.com/2011/08/assassination-of-engelbert-dollfuss.html</a><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">[5] “Lake Crash Kills Flier in Snow
Storm.” 1943. <b>Chicago Sun</b>, April 14, p. 1.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">[6] A Great Night at the Café Louvre in Vienna (blog entry). </span><a href="https://www.eclecticatbest.com/2012/02/great-night-at-cafe-louvre-in-vienna.html" style="font-family: verdana;">https://www.eclecticatbest.com/2012/02/great-night-at-cafe-louvre-in-vienna.html</a><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">[7] <span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Edwards, John Carver.
1982. “Bob Best Considered: An Expatriate's Long Road to Treason.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">North Dakota Quarterly</b>, Winter, 50 (1):
73-90 and “</span><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Worst Best.” 1943. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Time</b>, February 15. [About journalist Robert Best]<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[8] </span>John Gunther. 1964. <b>The
Lost City</b>. Harper & Row.</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[9] </span>William L. Shirer. 1950. <b>The
Traitor</b>. Farrar, Straus, & Co.</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[10] </span>Dorothy Thompson and
Sinclair Lewis Celebrate Christman in Semmering (Austria), 1932 (blog entry). <a href="https://www.eclecticatbest.com/2012/12/dorothy-thompson-and-sinclair-lewis.html">https://www.eclecticatbest.com/2012/12/dorothy-thompson-and-sinclair-lewis.html</a></span><span style="background-color: #eefcff; font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: #EEFCFF;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[11] Marion Sander</span><span style="color: black; font-size: 11.5pt;">. </span><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1973. Dorothy Thompson: A Legend in Her Time. Houghton Mifflin Co.
p. 179.</span></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: #EEFCFF;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">[11] </span><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Vincent Sheean. 1963. Dorothy and
Red. Houghton Mifflin Co., p. 213.</span></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: #EEFCFF;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">[12] See Peter Kurth. 1990. <b>American Cassandra:
The Life of Dorothy Thompson</b>. Little, Brown and Company.</span></span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 11.5pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">[13] Robert Littell. 2012. Young
Philby. Thomas Dunn Books. (Philby’s time in Vienna is included in the roman a clef.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: verdana;">[14] The reporter was G.E.R. Geyde. His
powerful account of the 1934 civil war is in chapter 9 of his book (p. 104), <b>Betrayal
in Central Europe </b>in which he mentions, but not by name, a young Englishman
who was helping some threatened social democrats escape capture. The young man
was Philby, who had recently signed on with Moscow as a spy. G.E.R. Geyde.
1939. <b>Betrayal in Central Europe</b>, Harper & Brothers Publishers. Also, see Littell 2012, p. 53.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>Dan Durninghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10639064524903151404noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-537999101514441161.post-59471253618151464682020-08-11T11:01:00.002-07:002020-08-11T11:29:59.315-07:00“The most fascinating individual I ever met”: My Uncle Don Timbrook<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">One day when I was about four years old my
uncle Don Timbrook was driving by my home on Fayetteville’s South College Avenue
when he spotted me kissing one of the neighboring Phillips girls. The next day,
he started kidding me about it. Reddening and flustered, I blurted out that
next time I kissed a girl I would hide “to-hind a tree” where he could not see
me.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt;">Don was tickled by my response, and he never
let me forget about this episode. He even incorporated it for a while in the
repertoire of stories he told to entertain friends and relatives. He had a big
stock of such stories, some funny and others hilarious, and you had to laugh at
his often-exaggerated accounts of life’s events.</span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt;">After you knew Don for a while, you would
start smiling when you saw him coming, anticipating the whoppers he would tell.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_kV_zlKSyTMMORayYgU183PzkPYXWJHiV6o-0WNBu0uAA1J4xTfx6EKtZNN2NXFdlcBHeOoxIQFzU0lDTxmifghA5le9SSOJd4hbNGITFF1mV0pcbUyJkUZ6Z68UMakFMKicfdX9oP2g/s2048/IMG_20200810_101449.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1609" data-original-width="2048" height="402" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_kV_zlKSyTMMORayYgU183PzkPYXWJHiV6o-0WNBu0uAA1J4xTfx6EKtZNN2NXFdlcBHeOoxIQFzU0lDTxmifghA5le9SSOJd4hbNGITFF1mV0pcbUyJkUZ6Z68UMakFMKicfdX9oP2g/w512-h402/IMG_20200810_101449.jpg" width="512" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Don Timbrook, smiling and being funny, as always<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt;">Don was lucky to marry Vera Durning, my dad’s
sister. She was seventeen and he was twenty-two when they got hitched on
February 24, 1934, and pictures of them at the time show they were a handsome
pair.</span><span style="color: red; font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt;">She was a good-humored and kind person,
who enjoyed Don’s outsized personality. Even though she often seemed
exasperated and sometimes outraged by some of his stories, the exasperation was faux,
and the outrage was calibrated to reward Don for his provocative humor. She basked
in his company.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt;">Both Don and Vera grew up in poor but
hardworking families. Don was born in Hulbert, Oklahoma, a rural community a
few miles east of Tahlequah on Highway 51, on December 6, 1911, and spent his
first years on a rented farm in nearby Crittenden township. He was the sixth
child of James A. (Feb. 1881–Aug. 1941) and Roxie Ann Timbrook, née Harris (Sep.
1883–Feb. 1981). The two had met while growing up near each other on farms in
Elixir township in Boone County, Arkansas, and married in 1902. </span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt;">Don was their fifth born offspring, and eventually, he had four brothers and four sisters, all but one of whom lived long lives. Don
and his siblings did not have much opportunity to attend school. In fact, Don
may have never attended school except, as he told a friend, for three days when
he went in place of his brother Berry, who had chickenpox.</span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyB5aFWklfkN5I7ODP_wjBMwc5sHhcAIeSyLv2HD3M006eh6piHLdvqLwIV4QapwSJYd0bVkBD3iUsB6G04IgvGjUEQO1feLnjPtnwdB0Uz0m9dVYAPspurCOodoRAJbvWyAnARJ6G2HI/s1941/don%252Bvera.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1581" data-original-width="1941" height="417" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyB5aFWklfkN5I7ODP_wjBMwc5sHhcAIeSyLv2HD3M006eh6piHLdvqLwIV4QapwSJYd0bVkBD3iUsB6G04IgvGjUEQO1feLnjPtnwdB0Uz0m9dVYAPspurCOodoRAJbvWyAnARJ6G2HI/w512-h417/don%252Bvera.jpg" title="Don and Vera, about 1940" width="512" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Don and Vera, about 1940, with their daughter<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt;">Some of Don’s ancestors were Cherokees, whose
capital was in nearby Tahlequah, probably on his father’s side of the family. You
could see traces of his ancestry in his features, although his dark complexion could
likely be attributed in large part to his daily outdoor activities. He had
legendary prowess as a fisherman, and I always assumed that was </span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt;">an attribute of his Native American heritage.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt;">Vera also came from a large family that farmed
in the Ozarks. She was the granddaughter of George William Durning, who had
moved from Tennessee to the tiny community of Cass in Franklin County Arkansas
in the 1840s. She was born there on August 13, 1916, the sixth of the eleven children
of Nathaniel Elias (1882–1960) and Lillie Samantha Durning (1889–1964). Like
Roxie, Lillie Samantha was born a Harris, but her childhood home was in Fort
Douglas in Johnson County, Arkansas.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">Elias and Lillie
Samantha were still living in Cass with their children when my dad was born on
April 1, 1925, but soon after that, they moved to Denning, a small settlement
near Altus. I think they left Cass after the death of Vera’s older brother,
John Lewis Durning, at the age of eighteen in 1928. That death hit my
grandmother hard, so much so that she left the Baptist Church and became a
Jehovah’s Witness. Vera also joined that church.</span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFfyKVqfg3XL-iLa4Z0m011YH2VZ8O5noS0GmmMVMSvRI9u91nc9RRkbSWKZRpBtibQQavp-BXsB_hVnmc1wpHIDCBcpDkLlqb1X_T-TWTyQGrKL_5vra9aRhvHpllILRFPVDnT6xYnD4/s2048/IMG_20200811_104058+%25281%2529.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1989" height="410" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFfyKVqfg3XL-iLa4Z0m011YH2VZ8O5noS0GmmMVMSvRI9u91nc9RRkbSWKZRpBtibQQavp-BXsB_hVnmc1wpHIDCBcpDkLlqb1X_T-TWTyQGrKL_5vra9aRhvHpllILRFPVDnT6xYnD4/w398-h410/IMG_20200811_104058+%25281%2529.jpg" width="398" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Vera, middle, with her sisters Ruth,<br />Rheta, Stella, and Norma (L to R)<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">After a few years
in Denning, the family, including Vera, moved in the first part of the 1930s to
the outskirts of Fayetteville, renting a farm there. By the time the Durning
family had settled into their new Fayetteville-area home, Roxie Ann and her
children had already lived in the city for several years. In the middle 1920s,
she had left her husband to relocate in the university town. When 1930 census
takers asked her marital status, she told them she was a widow. The response
would have surprised James A. Timbrook because he was still living in Oklahoma at the time; he remained there until his death in 1941.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">No doubt, both
the Timbrook and Durning families had to scramble to make a living after they
moved to Fayetteville and vicinity. Fortunately, they were no strangers to
hard work, and survival during the Great Depression required it. Roxie Timbrook
rented a home at 421 South Church Street where in 1930 she lived with her five
youngest children and was a self-employed seamstress. By that time, Don, who had
been working for many years to help the family’s financial situation, was
employed at a “produce house” as a “chicken picker.”</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">Thanks to Don’s
friend Arthur Friedman (1916-1997), who ran around with him during the years between Don’s
arrival in Fayetteville in about 1925 and his marriage to Vera in 1934, we have
a glimpse of Roxie Timbrook’s life in her early years in Fayetteville. Friedman
mentioned her in one of his autobiographical columns he wrote in the 1980s for
the </span><b style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">Northwest Arkansas Times</b><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">Mrs. Roxie
Timbrook, one of the most wonderful persons I have ever known, told me some
years ago that she walked from the fairgrounds to a house of Mount Nord, worked
14 hours as a domestic, and tramped back home to take care of a large family.
For her work outside the home, she was paid 10 cents an hour.</span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></blockquote><p> </p><blockquote><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSd391Tfk0fwH0fLgQIksP6fdp8PI-niuqqkL-4jmUbIWyS0CKt-xuk3i0BXkKwl1BfjCf_hkT9O95m7H7ZEQre26gvEmbvxH23Dlwcn3ZeKaQRgu8lFF-cStDtlR7X74mGnrwWj_UF9M/s1779/Donwithmother.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1779" data-original-width="1740" height="410" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSd391Tfk0fwH0fLgQIksP6fdp8PI-niuqqkL-4jmUbIWyS0CKt-xuk3i0BXkKwl1BfjCf_hkT9O95m7H7ZEQre26gvEmbvxH23Dlwcn3ZeKaQRgu8lFF-cStDtlR7X74mGnrwWj_UF9M/w400-h410/Donwithmother.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Don with his mother Roxie Ann Timbrook</td></tr></tbody></table></span></blockquote><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">Friedman told us
even more in his newspaper column about Don, whom he had met “one summer day
sixty years ago at the Town Branch that runs eastward along the north base of
South Mountain” He wrote that sentence in January 1986, so that meeting would
have been in 1925 or 1926. Friedman continued, “This encounter developed into a
close friendship that was to endure for well over half a century. We played
together, hunted together, fished together, and honky-tonked together, and
often drank out of the same bottle.” During this friendship, Friedman heard
Don’s stories and collected his own stories about him. He told one story that
he said was Don’s favorite:</span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt;"></span></p><blockquote>[Don] was at Lake
Fayetteville fishing off the bank. A small boy came wandering by, throwing
rocks and skipping them on the water. As has been the custom since time
immorable [sic], the lad asked Don if he was having any luck. Don replied that
he had caught two big catfish, but had to throw them back because they had
ticks on them. The child, eyes wide in amazement, went on his way, but a little
later returned. “My dad knows you,” he said “When I told him what you said,” he
replied, “That’s Don Timbrook – he’s the only man in the State of Arkansas that
can catch fish with ticks on them.”<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwudxVS2sPvxhQu2drhDWqbeAlCd2ucXGrvl979j-idBTcXjDWxBJafDW_aAPFhN4EvpjNgx8sfK2j4Vp2vri_BTAuF8WQF_LbwxVHMvlxgAFMvXiY2a8XraP0gEtxX2kGeFjl4KJJiFI/s2048/IMG_20200810_101544.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1899" height="410" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwudxVS2sPvxhQu2drhDWqbeAlCd2ucXGrvl979j-idBTcXjDWxBJafDW_aAPFhN4EvpjNgx8sfK2j4Vp2vri_BTAuF8WQF_LbwxVHMvlxgAFMvXiY2a8XraP0gEtxX2kGeFjl4KJJiFI/w379-h410/IMG_20200810_101544.jpg" width="379" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Don with his prize catfish<br /></td></tr></tbody></table></blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">Friedman liked to
recall his hunting and fishing trips with Don and L.D Timbrook, Don’s brother,
along with his other “constant companions,” Ray Hinkle, Tom Plant, and Robert
Cook. These boys sometimes went to South Mountain to kill rabbits and fish in
the Town Branch at the base of the mountain. According to Friedman, their
expeditions started at Lewis Brothers Hardware store on the Square where they
could buy 12-gauge shotgun shells for three cents each. They and their dogs
would walk down the hill to Hunts Pasture, where Walker Park is now, and keep
going south on flat land until they reached South Mountain. According to
Friedman,</span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">One day as we
were walking along, Don Timbrook made his brother L.D. carry his gun, a heavy
double-barreled 12 gauge. When Don wasn’t looking, L.D. plunged the end of the
gun about an inch into the muddy ground that we were traveling over.</span></span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt;">Later on, Don
retrieved the weapon and fired at a fast-running rabbit that jumped up and took
off in front of us. There was a terrific explosion. Black powder smoke
enveloped the whole area. The recoil of the gun threw Don backwards across
three rows of strawberries and left a large purple bruise on his shoulder….The
concussion of the first shell set off the one in the left barrel and the end of
the gun split open like the hull of a ripe cotton boll. For years we tried to
explain to Don that a mud-dauber had built a nest in the muzzle of his gun, but
to this day, he refuses to buy the idea.</span></p></blockquote><p> </p><span style="font-family: verdana;">The carefree days of hunting and fishing together on South Mountain came to an end as the young friends took on new responsibilities. For Don, no doubt the first ten years of marriage were an economic struggle. He and Vera had their only child, Carol Sue, in 1935, and work during the Depression was hard to find. In 1939, according to the census taken the following year, Don had worked as a “poultry paster” at a processing plant for sixteen weeks, earning $300. Probably, Don’s hunting and fishing talents helped ensure that the family had plenty of food for its table.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3ACYlrTzg6sxdpkWLzNJEiYg7nj6bvwgrttdcjRVQ9W-MJ3W5GgzgbTPIOb7xOViI_I3Kd3VuMR4lic7uH8DQHk2HrlcHS1AkDaEAEfnbhhtq3E3o56cAUKSsN-NHXs5kEwxRo7O1QeA/s2048/donwithsnake.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1058" height="512" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3ACYlrTzg6sxdpkWLzNJEiYg7nj6bvwgrttdcjRVQ9W-MJ3W5GgzgbTPIOb7xOViI_I3Kd3VuMR4lic7uH8DQHk2HrlcHS1AkDaEAEfnbhhtq3E3o56cAUKSsN-NHXs5kEwxRo7O1QeA/w265-h512/donwithsnake.jpg" width="265" /></a></div></span><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">When “Donald Lee
Timbrook” registered for the draft on October 16, 1940, he was unemployed. His draft
papers listed the twenty-eight-year-old man as standing 5’11’’, weighing 162
pounds, with brown eyes and hair and, inexplicably, a “light complexion.” As
the father of a young child, Don’s entry into the military was delayed until
1944 when he was drafted into the Navy. His service lasted from April 10, 1944
to December 29, 1945, during which time he served on two ships in the Pacific
Theater, first on the USS Clay, an attack transport, and then, after the end of
the war, on the USS Rocky Mount., a command and communication ship.<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhxHCzAzouRTL9-7iwa76D8-vzvMh2Z6OfLIPKeyKyDb7RTzxO8lU2To198e44JfA9oJcwDmWA41q5_i7QfUL0QHbOyKSsNiO8Hw-C02EOCSqtQFRZC3gB_CLaSfTTJdkRgt6NCzrKv0Q/s2048/dontimbrookpix.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1549" height="513" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhxHCzAzouRTL9-7iwa76D8-vzvMh2Z6OfLIPKeyKyDb7RTzxO8lU2To198e44JfA9oJcwDmWA41q5_i7QfUL0QHbOyKSsNiO8Hw-C02EOCSqtQFRZC3gB_CLaSfTTJdkRgt6NCzrKv0Q/w385-h513/dontimbrookpix.jpg" width="385" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Don in the Navy, 1945<br /></td></tr></tbody></table></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">Returning from the
War in early 1946, Don found opportunities open to him that had not been there
during the war. He made a good living for several years after the war as hide
buyer, working for a time for the Midwest Hide and Skin Corp., then he worked
as a butcher, some of the time for Mhoon’s Grocery store. He continued in that
occupation for the rest of his working years, and he was apparently a skilled
expert in the art.</span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">Friedman recalled
that one day Don had told him that he was now “Dr. Timbrook” and that “he
expected me to treat him with dignity and respect due the holder of such a
title.” It turned out that a professor at the University of Arkansas’s College
of Agriculture had “recognized his outstanding ability as a butcher [and] had
hired him to skin and dress carcasses while the instructor lectured to his
classes on the proper procedure for preparing and grading meat.” I am sure he
gave a performance that evoked lots of laughter.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">After the war,
Don and Vera moved to a house a 716 South College, south of Jefferson School
and a short walk from the South Mountain area where Don had long fished and
hunted. They later moved further south for a while, to 901 South College, but by
1960 were back at 716 S. College, where they lived for the rest of their lives.</span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">At these locations, Vera was only a few
blocks from her parent’s home and those of several of her brothers and sisters.
</span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">They were living
at 901 S. College, four long blocks from my parent’s, house when they came into
my life and vice versa. They sometimes took me swimming by the one-lane Tilly
Willy Bridge on the West Fork of the White River, and I recall that on the day
that I got my smallpox vaccination and had a plastic bubble strapped on to
protect the injection site, we headed to that swimming hole. They also took me with
them to 71 Drive In, and I relished the few minutes at the playground by the
base of the screen, waiting for the first images to appear. I was usually
asleep by the middle of the first feature. Vera fed me and my parents some heaping
meals as we spent evenings laughing at Don’s stories. She woke us up with
frantic late-night calls imploring us to join them in their basement because a
tornado was heading our way. Don patiently taught me the basics of fishing, starting
with how to get minnows and worms for bait, then how to properly bait a hook
and cast a rod, and ending with how to gut a fish. He also provided insights
into where to find the best places to fish and how to choose the best bait for
different settings.</span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">He sometimes took me
and my cousin, Morris Daniel, with him to fish at different ponds around
Fayetteville.</span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRKmx_Glr3SSsJvmX70j30G69LMM15HNl5MvQePHhskyHif6AjokUNUUVZUVdWGd9-Jbf8jI7E-gFfQB9IhLRF5B74o4IfeZKU6rVXvKhkATKx30MVINF7fYfhIEw1ZkWRtgaNT7xwbro/s2048/IMG_20200810_101413.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1657" data-original-width="2048" height="331" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRKmx_Glr3SSsJvmX70j30G69LMM15HNl5MvQePHhskyHif6AjokUNUUVZUVdWGd9-Jbf8jI7E-gFfQB9IhLRF5B74o4IfeZKU6rVXvKhkATKx30MVINF7fYfhIEw1ZkWRtgaNT7xwbro/w410-h331/IMG_20200810_101413.jpg" width="410" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Don, Vera, and Bernice Durning, play rummy<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">Don and Vera were
an important part of my childhood, but as usually happens, I saw them less and
less as I got older and especially after I moved away from Fayetteville. </span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">Time passed, and Vera got sick, passing away
after a long illness on February 13, 1981, keeping her optimistic attitude and
warm smile to the end. The next day, Don lost his mother, who died on February
14, 1981 at the age of 98.</span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">Friedman
observed that Don had been blessed with “two wonderful women in his life” and
when they were not available “he was like a ship without a rudder.”</span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">Don died on January 6, 1986. </span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">His old friend Friedman, who graduated from the University of Arkansas and taught eighth-grade history for 27 years in Kansas City, wrote a touching tribute to Don a few days after his death.</span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">He said, “If I am ever interrogated as to the
most fascinating individual I ever met, he would have to be Don Timbrook… Don
worked hard, played vigorously, met adversity and trouble head-on, loved and
enjoyed associating with his fellow man.” Friedman then summarized his life,
concluding “He loved everyone he knew and always had time to console and help a
friend. I don’t think he ever did anything inherently evil in his long life.
When he stands before Judgment, I can see him telling the Lord, “I did the best
I could with what you gave me – You cannot expect more of any man.”</span></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYzp2PzYenQQTKGK8EvjayUOocpvkcrMJOmBanQoGcfJR2gDlNBTqfJoDGnojDSaBr2i8QGjimgKiq24-_5Jlw_jnpeS-pf906Gnp_KfZ0QfXddGl5OK6e1expAp4YE_OQSTDYuMg8kPk/s682/timbrook+%25282%2529.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="682" data-original-width="494" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYzp2PzYenQQTKGK8EvjayUOocpvkcrMJOmBanQoGcfJR2gDlNBTqfJoDGnojDSaBr2i8QGjimgKiq24-_5Jlw_jnpeS-pf906Gnp_KfZ0QfXddGl5OK6e1expAp4YE_OQSTDYuMg8kPk/s640/timbrook+%25282%2529.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Don, making me laugh<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">I did not know
Don nearly as well as Friedman, but when I was growing up, I also found Don the
most fascinating man I knew, and the most entertaining.</span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">I was lucky to have him as an uncle and Vera
as my aunt, and I still smile when I recall the time I spent with them and miss
the laughs that erupted when Don told his yarns, even the one about the time he
caught a little boy kissing a girl on South College Avenue.</span><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Sources:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: verdana;">“Don Timbrook” (obit.). 1986. </span><b style="font-family: verdana;">Northwest Arkansas Times</b><span style="font-family: verdana;">,
Jan. 7, p. 2.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: verdana;">“Family Reunion.” 1959. </span><b style="font-family: verdana;">Northwest Arkansas Times</b><span style="font-family: verdana;">,
July 18, p. 7.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: verdana;">Friedman, Arthur. 1984. “Fayetteville’s Own – A Mountain to
Measure.” </span><b style="font-family: verdana;">Northwest Arkansas Times</b><span style="font-family: verdana;">, May 21, p. 12.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: verdana;">-----. 1984. “Schulertown.” </span><b style="font-family: verdana;">Northwest Arkansas Times</b><span style="font-family: verdana;">,
Sept. 3, p. 14.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: verdana;">-----. 1984. “Old Fairground Leaves Fine Memories.” </span><b style="font-family: verdana;">Northwest
Arkansas Times</b><span style="font-family: verdana;">, Nov. 5, p. 18.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Note” (Marriage
Notice). 1934. Fayetteville Daily Democrat, Feb. 26, p. 3.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: verdana;">-----. 1986. “Remembering a Close Friend.” </span><b style="font-family: verdana;">Northwest
Arkansas Times</b><span style="font-family: verdana;">, Jan. 26, p. 20.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: verdana;">“J. A. Timbrook Rites.” 1941. </span><b style="font-family: verdana;">Cherokee County
Democrat-Star</b><span style="font-family: verdana;">, Sept. 4, p. x</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: verdana;">“Personal Mention.” 1934. </span><b style="font-family: verdana;">Fayetteville Daily Democrat</b><span style="font-family: verdana;">,
Feb. 26, p. 3.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: verdana;">“Mrs. Vera Timbrook” (obit.). 1981.</span><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span><b style="font-family: verdana;">Northwest Arkansas Times</b><span style="font-family: verdana;">, February 15,
p. 2.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p></div>Dan Durninghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10639064524903151404noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-537999101514441161.post-74608035096193783542019-02-04T11:10:00.002-08:002019-02-04T11:11:38.398-08:00Biographical Sketch of Charles Ferdinand Penzel<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><i>Note: In my previous post, I introduced the "Families from Asch," emigrants from Austria's Bohemia who settled in Little Rock, Arkansas, from 1848 to 1857. This post is a biographical sketch of one of them, Charles F. Penzel, who became one of Little Rock's most successful businessmen after the Civil War.</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><i>*************************************************************</i></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; text-indent: 0.5in;">Charles Ferdinand
Penzel emigrated from Austria to Little Rock in 1857 and after the Civil War became
a leading merchant, pioneering banker, and prolific investor who rose to the
first rank of capitalists in the city. Beyond his widespread business ventures,
he was active, often as an officer, in numerous city economic development,
religious, civic, and charitable organizations. At the time of his death on
February 16, 1906, the </span><b style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; text-indent: 0.5in;">Arkansas Democrat</b><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; text-indent: 0.5in;">
observed that he was, perhaps, the richest German-American in Arkansas.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Born on October 8,
1840, Penzel was one of twenty-eight emigrants from Asch, a Bohemian city of
about 9,000 and a district of about 20,000 people, who settled in Pulaski
County between 1848 and 1857. When he arrived in Pulaski County, his parents and
older sister Anna Katharina were living on farms near Granite Mountain. His
sister had emigrated seven years earlier, in 1850, with her soon-to-be husband
Christopher Reichardt, who also was from Asch. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWu5jxgz0nIpyJbkMmokXJrPtkcUDU1nO0BXpOZfARrqrkoDijF4Iu4F100A6bxPFbW7j5y7GsrZkXVfe1xHoe2usnXzI_6iotLttROdYL5LSI38wPsyjPnbLC_ERIGY7LIDvnmybG4Zk/s1600/Arkansas_Gazette_1937-01-24_23.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1046" data-original-width="1600" height="417" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWu5jxgz0nIpyJbkMmokXJrPtkcUDU1nO0BXpOZfARrqrkoDijF4Iu4F100A6bxPFbW7j5y7GsrZkXVfe1xHoe2usnXzI_6iotLttROdYL5LSI38wPsyjPnbLC_ERIGY7LIDvnmybG4Zk/s640/Arkansas_Gazette_1937-01-24_23.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Portraits of Rosa and Charles Penzel<br />from a story in the Arkansas Gazette, January 24, 1937</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; text-indent: 0.5in;">Before the Civil
War, Penzel lived with the large family of Henry and Catherine Fisher, both of
whom had emigrated from Germany in the 1830s, and he worked for Fisher as a
carpenter. When the war began, he joined the confederate army, volunteering for
Company A, Sixth Arkansas Infantry Regiment, the city’s former “Capitol Guard.”</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; text-indent: 0.5in;">Wounded slightly at Shiloh in April 1862, he nearly
lost his life on September 20, 1863 at the battle of Chickamauga when he was
shot through the mouth. Captured, he was sent first to a hospital then to a prisoner-of-war
camp in Rock Island, Illinois</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">In May 1865, the
war over, Penzel returned to Little Rock and worked as a bookkeeper for the Kramer
and Miller Family Grocery Store and Bakery. The store owners, Frederick Kramer
and Charles Miller, were German immigrants and brothers-in-law: Kramer was
married to Adelina Reichardt and Miller to Fredericka Reichardt. These women, from
Asch, were the sisters of Christopher Reichardt, the husband of Penzel’s
sister.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpUQ7UIq3ju57vVejOwf_Jv3r4aB07HhAyHQwJWfCk94bsaukwsfzwJTnHP7gaLrTZRsCNvsCxkApZHGtVITuaY5C2U98wUfge4ckCJEJhPykdJHzByGCgZ2YmdMHyKDISGBgaoEfbrd4/s1600/Daily_Arkansas_Gazette_Fri__Aug_11__1865_+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1274" data-original-width="1600" height="317" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpUQ7UIq3ju57vVejOwf_Jv3r4aB07HhAyHQwJWfCk94bsaukwsfzwJTnHP7gaLrTZRsCNvsCxkApZHGtVITuaY5C2U98wUfge4ckCJEJhPykdJHzByGCgZ2YmdMHyKDISGBgaoEfbrd4/s400/Daily_Arkansas_Gazette_Fri__Aug_11__1865_+%25281%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Advertisement from Daily Arkansas Gazette, Aug. 11, 1865</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The grocery store
had opened in November 1863 after union troop occupied Little Rock, and it
flourished. In early 1868, it moved from Main Street to a newly constructed three-story
building at the corner of Markham and Commerce Streets, near the city’s ferry
landing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the move took place, Penzel became
a partner in the firm. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Kramer
sold his share of the grocery store in 1872, and its name was changed to Miller
and Penzel. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On August 28, 1875, Miller
died suddenly. Penzel continued to operate the store, but in December 1876 – before
Miller’s estate was settled -- the building and most of the store’s merchandise
were destroyed in a fire. Penzel quickly resumed selling groceries in a nearby
temporary location. In August, 1877, he reopened the store in a new building at
the old location, and a few months later he bought Miller’s share from his
estate and changed its name to Charles F. Penzel & Co.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAeNHK7wjhzIJ8WL_cdwSKxeJSzd3WvUyMn8veOdnSLP1rPOeEQ73ZAbNEbAMI1trbwxwtYwUp0OASKwN-NuQ_Zi2QMDuyRszCIT6lAo1NSGOkcP6EXXSI0wlLDG5dhM1M8UslVTEFSwM/s1600/xArkansas_Gazette_1877-02-27_3.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1411" data-original-width="1348" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAeNHK7wjhzIJ8WL_cdwSKxeJSzd3WvUyMn8veOdnSLP1rPOeEQ73ZAbNEbAMI1trbwxwtYwUp0OASKwN-NuQ_Zi2QMDuyRszCIT6lAo1NSGOkcP6EXXSI0wlLDG5dhM1M8UslVTEFSwM/s400/xArkansas_Gazette_1877-02-27_3.png" width="381" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Advertisement in the Arkansas Gazette (Feb. 27, 1877) <br />announcing the reopening of Miller and Penzel at a temporary <br />location after its store building was destroyed in December 1876</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">After Miller’s
death, Penzel had hired George Reichardt, also an emigrant from Asch and the brother
of Fredericka Miller and Adelina Kramer, to help manage the store, appointing
him in 1882 the store’s secretary and treasurer. Reichardt remained an officer
of the firm during most of the years that followed and was its president after
Penzel’s death. In 1886, Penzel changed the firm’s name to Charles F. Penzel
Co. Grocers and later incorporated it. That name remained until 1922, when the store
was sold to the American Wholesale Grocery Co.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZeL3kz1mO-bWZckwwLBYYmbBdozXMpJkbFw9SN8McPW0HIvPvks-YMSt57xwYTPbg_vFR4ttRGXS2CV_0lPCjHSBxfoSihkCB4oD80-kcNnbqAtdVujyQNUdCWKdxFlejnGHSVSGHU5A/s1600/xArkansas_Gazette_1878-06-12_%255B2%255D.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1265" data-original-width="1281" height="395" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZeL3kz1mO-bWZckwwLBYYmbBdozXMpJkbFw9SN8McPW0HIvPvks-YMSt57xwYTPbg_vFR4ttRGXS2CV_0lPCjHSBxfoSihkCB4oD80-kcNnbqAtdVujyQNUdCWKdxFlejnGHSVSGHU5A/s400/xArkansas_Gazette_1878-06-12_%255B2%255D.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Arkansas Gazette advertisement (June 12, 1878)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">In addition to the
wholesale grocery business, Penzel developed a multitude of other business
interests. In 1870, he invested in the city’s first building and loan association,
and for the rest of his life invested in, and served as a director of, such
financial associations. In 1875, he helped create the German Savings Bank, only
the second incorporated bank in the city, and served as the bank’s first
president, holding that office until 1883.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Under his leadership, the bank became one of the city’s most trusted and
successful financial institutions. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Penzel was
appointed president of Exchange National Bank in 1885, a position he held until
February 1888. The next year, he became president of Guaranty Trust Company, a small
savings bank making real estate loans. In 1893, he again became president of Exchange
National Bank, a position he held until 1903. A year later, he was elected
president of the Arkansas Bankers Association. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-8CbCtqPNAgQ8dVsqPu5LOwshj2B-U1QgLwc-nq9P9X66mJtwMdsgRbwULcznikIAkgykPWJsZgYWVTLqISmJOL8oF2jfPKzCXKFGV0qPAEzht-99_FMH8kFUNa16MGGC3NcuGgaeZ7w/s1600/xDaily_Arkansas_Gazette_Tue__Apr_13__1875_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="813" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-8CbCtqPNAgQ8dVsqPu5LOwshj2B-U1QgLwc-nq9P9X66mJtwMdsgRbwULcznikIAkgykPWJsZgYWVTLqISmJOL8oF2jfPKzCXKFGV0qPAEzht-99_FMH8kFUNa16MGGC3NcuGgaeZ7w/s400/xDaily_Arkansas_Gazette_Tue__Apr_13__1875_.jpg" width="202" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Arkansas Gazette<br />April 13, 1875</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; text-indent: 0.5in;">Beginning in the
last half of the 1870s, Penzel expanded his business interests. He started a manufacturing
company that milled flour, another that made soap, and still another that built
barrels. He co-founded the Little Rock Street Railway Company to operate a
streetcar line. He was a director, and often an officer, of companies engaged
in diverse businesses, including insurance, railroads, street cars, utilities (gas,
gas lights, electricity, and electric lights), and river shipping. Also, he dealt
in cotton and lumber (he was president of the Arkansas Lumbermen’s Association
in the 1880s) and invested in mines, bridges, rural land, and Little Rock real
estate (he was co-owner of a large subdivision that opened in 1889). </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">From the start of
his career, Penzel promoted local businesses. He joined the city chamber of commerce
at its creation in the late 1860s and in 1880 led an effort to revitalize it. In
the 1890s and early 1900s, he was a local Board of Trade officer. Also, he was among
the businessmen who created a Cotton Exchange and undertook other initiatives to
improve Little Rock’s cotton trade. Further, Penzel spoke out for merchants,
pressing the city government to operate more efficiently, demanding that federal
regulators enact fairer tariffs and railroad shipping rates, and weighing in on
other important public policy issues. In addition, Penzel supported, and often
led, efforts to create tax districts to upgrade local streets, drainage, and
bridges and to build new water and sewer systems. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Outside of the business
world, Penzel played a leading role in Little Rock’s German Lutheran Church and
its construction of a grand house of worship. In 1868, soon after the church came
into existence, he was elected its first secretary. Later, when the Lutherans
constructed a new church building, opened in 1888, he was cited as one of a half
dozen people who had contributed the most to its completion. Although he was a
member of the church until his death, in his later years he attended the
Presbyterian Church.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Among Penzel’s
many charitable activities, he and his wife led efforts to acquire and operate a
home for Little Rock’s orphans. He was on the board of directors of many organizations
assisting the poor, such as the Relief Association, the Children’s Aid Society,
and the Old Ladies Home. Also, Penzel helped found the city’s humane society and
was for several years its president. In addition, he was an officer of state
and local confederate veterans groups. Despite his outsized role in Little
Rock’s civic life, Penzel joined no secret societies, such as the Masons, that
were then popular with businessmen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMy4FgWdkhC1IKp4yYte5Sak5uddhE7FRQO_UxyFslayXe0bhvapzFXEHxipoOWFKfCz3RVMcOSun30HRp-Ca_C2Gmicum3uIRhLssTJLoRsDsxqRtg0xwmgXgCT2kUMiOMY-2hRMDsWI/s1600/Daily_Arkansas_Gazette_Sun__Aug_14__1887_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1116" data-original-width="1600" height="278" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMy4FgWdkhC1IKp4yYte5Sak5uddhE7FRQO_UxyFslayXe0bhvapzFXEHxipoOWFKfCz3RVMcOSun30HRp-Ca_C2Gmicum3uIRhLssTJLoRsDsxqRtg0xwmgXgCT2kUMiOMY-2hRMDsWI/s400/Daily_Arkansas_Gazette_Sun__Aug_14__1887_.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Penzel Home, Arkansas Gazette, Aug. 14, 1887</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; text-indent: 0.5in;">Penzel had an
interest in local politics, but rarely engaged in party affairs. He became a
United States citizen on August 3, 1866 and registered to vote in 1867. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; text-indent: 0.5in;"> </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; text-indent: 0.5in;">The democratic party nominated him seven times
to serve as a Justice of Peace on the Pulaski County Court, and he was elected
each time.</span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXjxIw-A0_6txc49Bmo-irw_6XDeI0DPYgxotJ5kHkpsRtglqLMKC16LrZheDoSYuVMGvXLGPpUxLLPOsUxDb-cSDCr3dP8QUFJOWJMstQZcd8gj4tBFztLpxKWE5ricbM-Z7YZZfAvmE/s1600/masoleum.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="445" data-original-width="251" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXjxIw-A0_6txc49Bmo-irw_6XDeI0DPYgxotJ5kHkpsRtglqLMKC16LrZheDoSYuVMGvXLGPpUxLLPOsUxDb-cSDCr3dP8QUFJOWJMstQZcd8gj4tBFztLpxKWE5ricbM-Z7YZZfAvmE/s400/masoleum.jpg" width="223" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Penzel Mausoleum at<br />Mount Holly Cemetery </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; text-indent: 0.5in;">Penzel married Rosa
A. Eisenmayer (1850 – 1938) of Illinois, the daughter of German immigrants, on
January 1, 1873. They had three daughters:</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; text-indent: 0.5in;">
</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; text-indent: 0.5in;">Hedwig Penzel [Forsyth] (1873 – 1939), Hildegard Penzel [Wright] (1875 –
1953), and Marcella Penzel (1883 – 1976). The family often entertained Little
Rock’s social elite at lavish parties held in its home. In his private life,
Penzel was a cultured, disciplined, and sober man who enjoy writing poetry and
traveling. A colleague noted that although he was “decidedly forceful in all
business,” he was “a quiet, modest man." Following his death on February 16,
1906, Penzel was buried at Mt. Holly Cemetery in a large marble mausoleum,
designed by architects George R. Mann and Aloysius Downey. Among his descendants
is great-grandson Charles Penzel Wright Jr. who in 1998 won the Pulitzer Prize
for poetry and was the United States’ poet laureate in 2014-2015.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt;"><br clear="all" style="mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span>
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Sources <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">“Charles
F. Penzel Died Suddenly.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Arkansas
Gazette</b>, Feb. 17, 1906, p. 1.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">“Death of Charles F. Penzel.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Arkansas Democrat</b>, February 16, 1906,
p. 4.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Necrological. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Arkansas Democrat</b>, Feb. 18, 1906, p. 2.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">J.D. McClatchy (interviewer). “Charles Wright. The Art of Poetry
No. 41.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Paris Review</b>, issue<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">113, Winter, 1989 (accessed
on-line).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Penzel, Charles F. papers, Arkansas State Archives, Little Rock,
Arkansas.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 10.0pt;">Penzel family collection, BC.MSS.11.01, Butler Center for Arkansas
Studies, Arkansas Studies Institute.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>https://cdm15728.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/findingaids/id/4764</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 10.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">A
poem entitled “Arkansas Traveler” written by Charles Penzel Wright about his
great-grandfather can be found at this link:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><a href="https://voca.arizona.edu/readings-list/45/52"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">https://voca.arizona.edu/readings-list/45/52</span></a><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span></o:p></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></div>
Dan Durninghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10639064524903151404noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-537999101514441161.post-48619165316261936022018-12-20T03:12:00.000-08:002018-12-20T03:12:48.076-08:00Little Rock's Families from Asch: Their Emigration and First Years in Pulaski County<br />
This paper, with some additional appendices, can be read and downloaded from this link<br />
<a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/75nygwbjfs2hw3u/familiesfromAsch.pdf?dl=0">https://www.dropbox.com/s/75nygwbjfs2hw3u/familiesfromAsch.pdf?dl=0</a> <br />
<span style="text-align: center;"><br /></span>
<div style="text-align: start;">
<span style="text-align: center;">************************************************* </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">The following is part one of the story of several families who
emigrated from Asch, a small city and district in Austria’s Bohemian region, to
Pulaski County before the Civil War. The emigration started when two single men
from Asch fled Austria after the failure of the 1848 revolution. These two men
– John Adam Reichardt and John Christopher Geyer -- were the first members of
their families to make their homes in Pulaski County. Others followed. In all,
three Geyer families, one large Reichardt family, and one Penzel family, plus
Wolfgang Wunderlich, a single man from Asch, settled in Pulaski County from
1850 to 1854. In all, by 1857, at least 28 emigrants from Asch had moved to
Pulaski County (although two had moved away by that time). This group
contributed to a sizeable increase in the number of Germanic emigrants in the
county that, according to the 1850 census, numbered only about 136 men, women,
and children.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">The emigrants from Asch spent the years before the Civil War
adjusting to their new home. Some were farmers living in rural Pulaski County and
others found jobs in Little Rock. Wherever they were living, they got caught up
in the War and the families, like the rest of the nation, had divided
loyalties: a few Asch emigrants or their spouses served in the Union Army; more
of them were in the Confederate Army. Of all the Asch emigrants, Charles Penzel,
a private in the Southern army, was most affected by the war: he was twice
wounded, once severely, and he spent the last year of the war as a prisoner. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5eS0KkILgnnHC3pAzvJONFi4syr6aQvIzR9jxK2DeArovJAvakcdzppfr1hb8syxcqGNIGbStxCWpqwBUmW3Lq3gJ_94vAhV2Fs85QxMBSMIxBbcH5ZzqKf2ywQ9AbomdKh5QzgzVvB0/s1600/AK-Asch-Cafe-Restaurant-Geyer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="363" data-original-width="558" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5eS0KkILgnnHC3pAzvJONFi4syr6aQvIzR9jxK2DeArovJAvakcdzppfr1hb8syxcqGNIGbStxCWpqwBUmW3Lq3gJ_94vAhV2Fs85QxMBSMIxBbcH5ZzqKf2ywQ9AbomdKh5QzgzVvB0/s400/AK-Asch-Cafe-Restaurant-Geyer.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Postcard showing Geyer Cafe in Asch</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Part one of the story of the families from Asch ends as the
Civil War was coming to a close. The violent and tumultuous times must have
been discouraging for them. However, their fortunes were about to change. As
will be discussed in part two of this story, when the war ended, the families from
Asch prospered, mainly as merchants, and they, along with their spouses, their
children, and their children’s spouses, became the core of the city’s small,
but influential, protestant – mainly Lutheran -- German immigrant community
that for three decades had an outsized impact on Little Rock’s economic
development, social life, and local government. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Arrival of the
Families from Asch<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">From 1848 to 1857, at least 28 emigrants moved about 5,000
miles from their homes in or near the Bohemian city of Asch to Pulaski County.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">1</span></b> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Twenty-seven of them were members of five
families and one was a single person who married into one of the families a few
years after arriving in Little Rock. The families were:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Johann Martin and Eva Katharine [Kuenzel] Reichardt family</b>. Johann
Martin (1800 – 1884)<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>and Eva
Katharine (1800 – 1858) emigrated to Arkansas along with four sons and three
daughters.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">2</span></b>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>John Adam Reichardt (1825 – 1884), the
oldest son, was the first to arrive in Little Rock, fleeing arrest for participating
in the failed 1848 Austrian revolution.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">3</span></b> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He arrived
in Arkansas in late 1848 or early 1849. His brother Christopher (1823 – 1881) soon
followed him, traveling with Anna Catherine Penzel, who was, or was soon to be,
his wife. They reached New Orleans aboard the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Columbus</b> on October 31<sup>, </sup>1850, then continued their trip to
Arkansas.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">4</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Another brother, George (1832-1910), crossed
the ocean from Bremen to New Orleans on the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Columbia</b>, a ship that arrived on May 19, 1852. Two years later, in 1854,
Johann Martin and Eva Katharine journeyed to the state with three daughters, Adelina
Margaret (1834 – 1909), Louise (1837 – 1910) and Fredericka (1842 – 1911), and
a young son, Edward (1844 – 1883). They departed Bremen on August 18, 1854 and arrived
in New Orleans on October 23rd aboard the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Johannes</b>,
then headed by boat to Little Rock.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">5</span></b> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In Asch, Johann
Martin had owned a wool textile mill that he sold before leaving.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">6</span></b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Johann Michael and Sophie Marie [Ludwig] Geyer family</b>. Johann Michael
(1790 – 1856) and Sophie Marie (1791 – 1873) and three of their children emigrated
to Pulaski County. Their oldest son, John Christopher Geyer (1819 – 1878), was
the first of the family to arrive. Like John Adam Reichardt, he left Asch after
the collapse in Austria of the 1848 revolution during which he had “led a
company of revolutionists.” After a short stay in Philadelphia, he traveled in
1849 to central Arkansas, where he lived briefly in Pulaski County before he
bought land along the Arkansas River in Conway County, a few miles southeast of
Lewisburg.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">7</span></b><span style="color: red;"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Johann Michael
and Sophie Marie followed their son to central Arkansas in 1852, departing from
Bremen on the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rebecca</b>, arriving in
New Orleans on October 26, then continuing to Little Rock. With them came their
son John Erhardt (1832 – 1919), and daughter Sophia (1836 – 1916). The family
traveled in relative luxury, occupying a cabin on the ship’s deck.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">8</span></b> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Johann Michael had worked as a butcher in
Asch. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK2;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: OLE_LINK1;"></span>
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Johann Michael (Papa) and Anna Margaretha Geyer family</b>. Also
aboard the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Rebecca</b> in October 1852
was the Johann Michael (1811 – 1892) and Anna Margaretha (1810 – 1876) family.
However, this Geyer family had a less comfortable trip across the Atlantic, traveling
in steerage. In addition to the parents, other family members aboard the ship were
their son John Christian (1845 – 1930) and four daughters, Anna Margartha (1841<span style="color: red;"> </span>– 1870), Ernestine (1838 – 1934), Alvina (1847 –
1927), and Emilie (1850 – 1926). Johann Michael had been a farmer in Asch. In
his later years, this Johann Michael became widely known in Little Rock as
“Papa Geyer,” the owner of a popular beer garden near the Arsenal, and I will
refer to him by that name to differentiate him from the older Johann Michael
Geyer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Although the two Johann Michael Geyer
families were certainly kin to each other, evidence supports the conclusion that
the older Johann Michael was <u>not</u> the father of the younger Johann
Michael. For one thing, the younger Johann Michael was born in 1811, but the
older Johann Michael did not marry until 1818. Also, none of the obituaries of
the members of either family suggested a close kinship between the two families.
Likely, the older Johann Michael was the uncle of the younger one or the two
men were cousins. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Isaac Geyer and his son George</b>. Isaac (1814 - 1887) and George (1836
- 1880) traveled together from Asch to the United States in 1853. They crossed
the Atlantic Ocean, departing from Bremen, on the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Heinrich von Gagern</b>, a ship that landed in New Orleans on October
12<sup>th</sup>.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">9</span></b>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The two men were likely related by
kinship to the two other Geyer families that settled in Pulaski County, but the
nature of the kinship is unclear. Both men were farmers. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Johann Christof and Maria Elizabeth Penzel family</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Johann Christof (1800 – 1857) and Maria
Elizabeth (1803 – 1865) were the parents of Anna Catherina Penzel (1825 – 1870)
and Charles Ferdinand Penzel (1840 – 1906). According to a family history
published in the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pulaski County
Historical Review</b>, Johann C. and Maria E. crossed the Atlantic in 1848 with
their newly married daughter and son-in-law Christopher Reichardt.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">10</span></b> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, this story is contradicted by ship
records showing that Christopher and Anna Catherina took the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Columbia</b> to New Orleans in 1850 and
that her parents were not passengers on the ship. In fact, the year Johann
Christof and Maria E. emigrated to Arkansas is a mystery: I have found no
record of their trip to the United States. The main evidence of their presence
in the Pulaski County in the 1850s is the tombstone of Johann C. showing he died
there on July 17, 1857. That year, their teenage son Charles Ferdinand (1840 –
1906) emigrated to the United States. His <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wanderbuch</b>
(an official record of his work places in Bohemia) shows that he did not leave Asch
before the end of March 1857, and it is not known if he made it to Pulaski
County before his father died.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">11</span></b> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although
the occupation of Johann Christof before he came to the United States is not
known, it is known that Penzel families were “minor nobility” in the Asch area.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">12</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">The single person who emigrated from Asch during this time was<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>Wolfgang Wunderlich<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>(1834 – 1901), who was unmarried when
he traveled to the United States in 1852. His trip from Bremen to New Orleans
was taken with George Reichardt on the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Columbia</b>,
arriving on May 19th. In 1857, he would later marry Louisa Reichardt, George’s
sister.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">In addition to the members of the families from Asch who
arrived in Central Arkansas before the Civil War, at least two other emigrants
from Asch settled in Pulaski County after the War.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">13</span></b> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One was Christopher C. Geyer (1847-1900), a young
farmer who arrived in 1866 and settled on land near Isaac Geyer in southern
Pulaski County. The other was Adam C. Penzel (1859-1932), a butcher, who emigrated
alone to Little Rock in 1879.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">14</span></b> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both of
these Asch emigrants spent the rest of their lives in Pulaski county. Their
relation to the families already in the County is not clear from the available
evidence.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">15</span></b>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Although the only documented relationships among the members
of the families from Asch were the marriage of Christopher Reichardt and Ann
Katherina Penzel followed by the marriage of Louise Reichardt and Wolfgang Wunderlich,
other kinship relations – close and distance – undoubtedly existed. They were
inevitable: the Geyer, Penzel, Kuenzel, Ludwig, and Wunderlich families had
deep roots in the Asch area, and intermarriages between families with those
surnames had taken place for more than a century.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">16</span></b> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Whatever their kinships, the families certainly
knew each other before they came to the United States, and their emigration to the
Pulaski County suggests they had either agreed to emigrate to the same area or
were mutually influenced to settle near each other.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If nothing else, they probably found comfort
in having people they knew living near them as that adapted to their new
situation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDPF3lPP-rl65j248w3z_QmnZXurxW2ntjZU3TKTImkXoALq0STvsDgD4U7Lw236F_mF3Z7K_lZbG25ABMvfMgheyzS65E_HTZdX2FuZBBxy0nBjxQu4Wh2BeuA_iUDtP284ubMn-JvO0/s1600/john+christopher+geyer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="827" data-original-width="462" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDPF3lPP-rl65j248w3z_QmnZXurxW2ntjZU3TKTImkXoALq0STvsDgD4U7Lw236F_mF3Z7K_lZbG25ABMvfMgheyzS65E_HTZdX2FuZBBxy0nBjxQu4Wh2BeuA_iUDtP284ubMn-JvO0/s400/john+christopher+geyer.jpg" width="222" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo of John Christoper Geyer</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Likely, the decisions of John A. Reichardt and John C. Geyer
to settle in central Arkansas influenced others from Asch to do the same. But an
unanswered question is why the two men chose to emigrate to such an
out-of-the-way place. Of the 2,000 to 10,000 48ers who fled Germany and Austria
in the wake of the collapsed revolutions, most emigrated to cities such as St.
Louis, Cincinnati, and Milwaukee where large numbers of German-speaking
immigrants already lived.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">17</span></b> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In
contrast, when Reichardt and Geyer arrived in Pulaski County, only about 559 of
Arkansas’ 162,797 free residents (.034%) and about 136 of Pulaski County’s 4,538
free residents (3.0%; the county had another 1,119 enslaved residents) had been
born in a German, Austrian, or Swiss “state.”<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">18</span></b> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These two Asch refugees were – the best I can
tell – the only 48ers who settled in Arkansas, and they were among only a few
who ended up in Deep South states.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">19</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Whatever reason they had for emigrating to a place with so
few German-speaking residents, once in central Arkansas, Reichardt and Geyer
probably wrote letters home that encouraged their families to emigrate there.
Perhaps more such letters were sent by Christopher Reichardt and Anna Katherina
Penzel Reichardt after this married couple settled in the county. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">The arrival of the families from Asch in Pulaski County increased
the number of German-speaking immigrants in the county by nearly twenty percent,
and the new arrivals were important additions to the community not only because
they were educated and had some wealth, but also because the family members
included eight young unmarried females and eight bachelors. Such unmarried
women were welcome in a place that had a sizable number of single men in its small
German/Austrian-born population.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">20</span></b> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Also the
unmarried men from Asch, once they established themselves, were attractive to the
daughters in families that had emigrated earlier to the area.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">First Years in
Pulaski County<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">The 1850s were a time for the new emigrants from Asch to
adapt to their new country. The first arrivals, John C. Geyer and John A.
Reichardt, remained in Pulaski County for only a short time. As mentioned,
Geyer bought a long stretch of riverfront land in Conway County and started
farming there. After a few years in the county, Reichardt married Anna
Margareta Spindler<span style="color: red;"> </span>and moved with her to
Boonville, Missouri. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Christopher and Anna Katherina Reichardt took up farming on
land near Granite Mountain Springs, a few miles due south of Little Rock. They eventually
settled on a farm near the Primrose Cemetery, living close to several other German-speaking
immigrants.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">21</span></b>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When Christopher’s parents, Johann
Martin and Eva Katherine Reichardt, arrived in 1854, they bought a farm near
their son and daughter-in-law, and lived there with their three daughters and
son. In 1856, Christopher claimed a 43-acre homestead in the Primrose area,
then he added acreage to it in 1859 (44.0 acres) and 1861 (38.2 acres) by
purchasing land cheaply from the federal government.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">22</span></b> When Eva Katherine --
Christopher’s mother and Johann Martin’s wife – passed away on July 26, 1858,
she was buried in the Primrose cemetery near her home.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Although the exact year of their arrival in Pulaski County
is not known, Johann Christof and Marie Elizabeth Penzel made a home sometime
in the 1850s in the Primrose area near their daughter Anna Christina Penzel
Reichardt.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">23</span></b>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Upon John Christof’s death in 1857, he
was buried at the Primrose cemetery and Marie Elizabeth, the 1860 census
showed, moved in with her daughter’s family.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Isaac and George Geyer also settled on farms near Granite
Mountain, but not by the Primrose cemetery. Their farms were within a couple of
miles of the Christopher and John M. Reichardt farms and were in the same
township (Union Township). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Papa Geyer and his family did not locate in the Primrose
community or in Union Township. Instead, he acquired a farm in Big Rock
Township, a few miles north of Granite Mountain and further to the west of the
city. He and his family lived there until the start of the Civil War. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Johann Michael and Maria Sophie Geyer, after reaching
Pulaski County in 1852, made their home in Little Rock where their son John
Erhardt and daughter Sophia had settled. Johann Michael was the first of the
Asch immigrants to pass away, dying on November 20, 1856, and was buried in Little
Rock’s Mt. Holly cemetery. After he died, his wife Maria Sophie moved in with the
family of her daughter Sophia, who had married Joseph C. Schader in 1853. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Four of the young men who emigrated from Asch made their
homes in Little Rock. John E. Geyer – the son of a butcher – quickly found
employment as a butcher, working for <span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Louis (Loui) George’s butcher shop</span>. After a few years there, he acquired
George’s butcher shop in a partnership with his brother-in-law Joseph C.
Schader. Later, near the end of the decade, John E. opened a tannery.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">24</span></b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">George Reichardt, who had been a classmate of John E. Geyer
back in Asch, also lived in Little Rock when he was not driving cattle from
Texas to sell in California. Later In his life, he told stories of how he had
made a big profit with his first cattle drive when beef was scarce in
California, but had lost money on his last drive because by that time the state
had plenty of local beef.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">25</span></b><span style="color: red;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When not driving cattle, he worked as a
merchant in Little Rock <span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">and lived
in a boarding house there</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Wolfgang Wunderlich, who had learned carpentry in Asch
before emigrating in 1852, worked as a cabinet maker after settling in Little
Rock. In 1856, he joined the U.S. Army for a five-year enlistment, serving as a
carriage maker at the Little Rock Arsenal.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">26</span></b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Charles Penzel, after arriving in Little Rock in the middle
of 1857, found a job as a carpenter, working for Henry Fisher (Fischer), a
German immigrant who had for many years owned a saloon in the city and was at
the time a successful “master carpenter.” The 1860 census showed Penzel living
with Henry and Catherine Fisher and their eight children whose ages ranged from
2 to 20 years. (Catherine was a sister of Loui George.) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">As the 1850s progressed, several of the unmarried Asch
emigrants found husbands and wives. The first to marry was Sophia Geyer who, as
mentioned earlier, wedded Joseph C. Schader in 1853. Born in 1830, He came in
1840 with his parents to Little Rock from Hesse-Darmstadt. The 1850 census showed
him living with Loui George and his family. He also worked for George’s butcher
shop. He moved in the early 1850s to Napoleon, Arkansas for a brief time, where
he opened a business. Shortly after returning to Little Rock, he married Sophia
and in 1854, as mentioned above, bought Loui George’s butcher business in a partnership
with John E. Geyer, Sophia’s brother.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">27</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">In 1856, Isaac Geyer married Kisirah Nail, who had been born
in Alabama. They lived on Geyer’s farm in Union Township. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">In 1857, six members of the families from Asch got married.
They included George Geyer, who married Kasey (family name unknown) and John
Christopher Geyer, who, living on his farm in Conway County, married Nancy
Adeline (family name unknown). Both Kasey and Nancy Adeline had been born in the
United States. Both families continued to live on their farms.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">The other marriages in 1857 were:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">March 30:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>John Erhardt Geyer married Helene Marie Eliza
Struve, born in 1835, who had emigrated in about 1847 from Hanover with an
older sister, Amelia (1829 – 1858), and an older brother, August (1831 – 1876).
They had settled in Little Rock where her brother had become a merchant. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">April 16: Ernestine Geyer married
Ferdinand Baer, a German emigrant who was a carpenter and undertaker.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Baer, born in 1825, had emigrated from
Baden-Wuerttemberg to the United States in 1854 and settled in Little Rock that
year, starting his own business.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">28</span></b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">June 30: Adelina Reichardt married
Frederick Kramer, an emigrant from Halle or its vicinity in Prussia’s Saxony.
Born in 1829, he came to the United States in 1848 and on July 27, 1857
completed a five-year enlistment in the U.S Army during which he had been
stationed in Indian Territory (Oklahama). Three months after the marriage, he
rejoined the U.S. Army to be a carriage maker at the Arsenal.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">29</span></b> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">October 24. Louisa Reichardt
married Wolfgang Wunderlich, one of the emigrants from Asch. A carpenter, he had
joined the U.S. Army on May 31, 1856 and was stationed at the Little Rock
Arsenal as a carriage maker with army’s ordinance division.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">30</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsOG7xy9DjVyTwICGhdwx44NqAUw6pS_qiD4PhTwQwQZeiZL8ZC3_RgbobprceQboQ-wYFk9vVS8Z56oY90xnitd_kCLNfs1JoRcoh6vgz-1UDP7OpC_53uuZrqr0ohxm7CkJvdQI3WZc/s1600/Arkansas_Democrat_Mon__Dec_29__1919_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="742" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsOG7xy9DjVyTwICGhdwx44NqAUw6pS_qiD4PhTwQwQZeiZL8ZC3_RgbobprceQboQ-wYFk9vVS8Z56oY90xnitd_kCLNfs1JoRcoh6vgz-1UDP7OpC_53uuZrqr0ohxm7CkJvdQI3WZc/s400/Arkansas_Democrat_Mon__Dec_29__1919_.jpg" width="185" /></a></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">The last marriage before the Civil War was on April 16, 1860.
Anna Margaretha Geyer, Ernestine’s sister, married Francis J. Ditter, a man
more than twice her age. She was his second wife. His first wife had been Amelia
Struve, who had died in 1858. Amelia was the sister of Eliza Struve, who had
married John E. Geyer in 1857. Ditter was born in Baden in 1817 and had
emigrated to the United States in the 1840s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He had joined the U.S. Army on May 18, 1846 and was sent to the Little
Rock, classified as a carriage maker. He had married Amelia on February 22,
1849. When he completed his five-year enlistment on May 15, 1851, he and his
family remained in Little Rock to open a business that made and sold carriages,
coffins, and other such goods, plus provided undertaking services.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">31</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">As 1860 -- the last full year before the start of the Civil
War -- ended, the families from Asch had made progress in adapting to their new
home. They had bought farms or found jobs. started families and businesses and
established themselves as solid citizens. Likely they missed some aspects of
their lives in Asch: Pulaski County had no Lutheran Church for them to attend
and lacked the social clubs and organizations that had been available in their
previous home. Also some of them who lived on farms were isolated from the
larger population because they did not speak English.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">32</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></b>Nevertheless, the Asch immigrants had planted
promising roots in their new homeland, and those who had married had added at
least fifteen babies to the community of Asch emigrants. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">The Civil War Arrives<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">When the Civil War arrived in 1861, the families from Asch
were not united in their loyalties. Two of the immigrants joined Union forces
and three of them, plus the husbands of two women from Asch, volunteered – at
least briefly -- for the Confederate Army, even though no members of any of the
Asch families, nor of the new families created by marriage, owned slaves. Most Asch
emigrants managed to avoid serving in either army. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">The most pro-Union family from Asch was the Reichardt family.
The oldest son, John Adam, volunteered for the Union army, and despite being in
his late 30s when the war started, served as a commissary sergeant for the 29<sup>th</sup>
Missouri Volunteer Infantry<span style="color: red;">.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">33</b> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Also, Wolfgang Wunderlich,
the husband of Louisa, served in the Union Army. He rejoined the army following
the completion of five years at the Little Rock Arsenal and spent the war years
outside of Arkansas serving in the ordinance department of the Union Regular
Army.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">34</span></b>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnDtA15VgQPhJVvUvt9GWMXVS4fLlmS6j3MWgXyAtOGTnUMDdf3farXLbsDqCdU6PS8_K5Q5Tw4n8_8pMvaT87NPI48Km-kSjMb9zZcZlxdap2Bcr0mbvaWhHCJapy31GQEK3KxDGXBlE/s1600/georgereichardt.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1278" data-original-width="888" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnDtA15VgQPhJVvUvt9GWMXVS4fLlmS6j3MWgXyAtOGTnUMDdf3farXLbsDqCdU6PS8_K5Q5Tw4n8_8pMvaT87NPI48Km-kSjMb9zZcZlxdap2Bcr0mbvaWhHCJapy31GQEK3KxDGXBlE/s400/georgereichardt.jpg" width="277" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Newspaper Photograph of George Reichardt</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Other Reichardt family men did not serve in either army.
Christopher had a large family to support and would have been an old recruit.
Edward was only sixteen when the war started and was able to avoid the army in
the years that followed. George was a prime age to be a soldier when the war
started, but his whereabouts during the war is not mentioned in his obituaries
or other stories about him. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have found
no records showing that he served in either army. Perhaps he was in California
during the war years.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">35</span><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Kramer, the husband of Adelina, had joined Little Rock’s
militia, the Capitol Guards in 1860 after he left the U.S. Army to start a
grocery store. When the war started In 1861, he resigned from the Guards just
before the unit was incorporated into the Confederate Army as Company A of the
Sixth Arkansas Infantry Regiment.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">36</span></b> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However,
in an advertisement published in the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Arkansas
Gazette</b> in May, 1861, after the war had started, he and his business
partner, Ferdinand Sarasin, announced they would be selling all of their goods
so they could close their grocery store and join the Southern army.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">37</span></b> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although Kramer never became a rebel soldier, he
professed support for the Southern cause.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Papa Geyer’s family had little involvement in the Civil War.
His son, John Christian, born in 1845, was too young for military service when
the war started, and stayed out of service as he grew older. The spouse of his daughter
Ernestine, Francis Ditter, the former U.S. Army soldier, was over 40 years old
when the war started and did not join an army. His other son-in-law, Ferdinand Baer,
was 34 years old when the war started.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Like Kramer and Sarasin, he had been in the Capitol Guards, but had left
it before it became part of the Confederate Army. Nevertheless, he served
briefly in the Confederate Army: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
main evidence of his service is a claim submitted by Anna Margareta, his widow,
in 1928 for a confederate army pension. Also, documents show “F. Baer” and
“Ferdinand Joseph Baer” was a soldier in Company A of the 13<sup>th</sup> Infantry
Regiment of the Arkansas Militia, but list no dates of service.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">38</span></b> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Baer’s obituary did not mention any service in
the Civil War. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Some members of the other Geyer families supported the
confederacy. John Erhardt Geyer, the son of the deceased Johann M. Geyer, along
with his brother-in-law Joseph Schader, the husband of Sophia Geyer, served,
briefly, in the Confederate Army. John E. joined Company A of the 6<sup>th</sup>
Arkansas Infantry, the former Capitol Guards, but after serving a month was,
according to his obituary, “on request of his officers, detailed to take charge
of his own tanyard in Little Rock, and he helped to supply the Confederate army
with leather materials, of which it was greatly in need….” Geyer operated his
tannery until September 1863 when Federal troops entered the city. They arrested
him and, according to his obituary, he was a war prisoner for a short time.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">39<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b>(John Erhardt’s older brother,
Christopher, was 38 years old when the war started and did not join either
army.) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Joseph Schader, John E.’s brother in law and former business
partner, perhaps participated in the war on the Southern side. Although his
name cannot be found on a comprehensive list of soldiers in the Civil War, his
obituary stated that he was “in confederate service…being connected with
hospital service.”<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">40</span> </b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">In the third Geyer family, Isaac – in his 50’s – was too old
for military service, but George volunteered in February 1862 for Woodruff’s
Battery in the Arkansas Artillery, then served as a private in Marshall’s
Battery (also known as the Pulaski Battery) of the Arkansas Light Artillery. His
length of service is not given in the military records I located.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">41</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Of all the emigrants from Asch, Charles Penzel experienced
the war most intensely. Although he had arrived in the United States only a few
years before the war started, he volunteered for service in September 1862, fought
in several battles, was twice wounded, and was held as a prisoner of war for
more than a year. His service was described in his obituary: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">[Mr. Penzel] entered the ranks of
the Confederacy as a private in Company A, of the Sixth Arkansas [Infantry]….During
the war Mr. Penzel was in the thick of the fighting, was wounded at Shiloh,
severely wounded at Chickamauga, and there captured. He was taken to
Chattanooga where he remained for five months, after which he was taken to Rock
Island, Ill., where he was held a prisoner of war until the close of
hostilities.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">42</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Among his wrenching experiences during the war, he lost his
friend Henry Fisher Jr., son of Henry and Catherine Fisher, with whom Charles
had lodged before the start of the war.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">43</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both he
and Henry, plus Henry’s younger brother (Charley) were in the same company, the
former Capitol Guard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The anguish caused
by Henry’s death was apparent in a draft letter dated January 10, 1863 from
Wartrace, Tennessee, that he penciled in his <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wanderbuch</b>.<span style="color: red;"> </span>He wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">It is with sorrow this time to
write the sad news about the death of Henry who fell on the 31<sup>st</sup> day
of December in the battle of Murfreesboro. He fell in the first charge as I
have heard for I was not in the battle myself. I am detailed to serve since the
middle of November in the commissary department. It was on the second when I
heard of him but was not permitted to go to the battlefield to take care of his
body. I anscious [sic] waited to see Charley [another son of Henry Sr.] who was
engaged in the hospital but on the third we received orders to leave
Murfreesboro….I only felt my heart filled with sorrow mourning the loss of a
friend who fell for his country not even able to do anything for him.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">44</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Nine months after the Battle of Murfreesboro, Penzel
suffered a traumatic wound at Chickamauga, on September 20, 1863, that “came
near ending his existence.” As described in his obituary, “He was struck in the
mouth with a large ball, which passed through his head, coming out at the base
of the skull.”<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">45</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to the story told by his
great grandson, the poet Charles Penzel Wright, Jr., the
bullet entered his mouth as he yelled “charge.”<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">46</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The wounded Penzel was captured and stayed in captivity until the end of
the war. Soon after he arrived back in Little Rock, he signed, on June 24,
1865, a loyalty oath.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">47</span></b> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was
ready to move on in his life. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiglIrCJvIgsAZgpKqnH1aO_Ku_H1XXcaV-Nb5TX33Nob5NyB_onaVuwUahTVCOrbrfMsHGUKLJm7BOcQjyRajcV3N6F4G08dI6IlQoc8NBlCpnJdZ_GALjeB2KApIXwAE9jbI1kDmNZOc/s1600/Arkansas_Democrat_Sat__Feb_17__1906_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1577" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiglIrCJvIgsAZgpKqnH1aO_Ku_H1XXcaV-Nb5TX33Nob5NyB_onaVuwUahTVCOrbrfMsHGUKLJm7BOcQjyRajcV3N6F4G08dI6IlQoc8NBlCpnJdZ_GALjeB2KApIXwAE9jbI1kDmNZOc/s400/Arkansas_Democrat_Sat__Feb_17__1906_.jpg" width="393" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Newspaper photograph of Charles Penzel accompanying 1909 Obituary</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">As the Civil War was ending, it would have been reasonable
for the families from Asch to have second thoughts about their decisions to
leave their homes in Asch to settle in the new world. The war had brought them hardships
and divisions. It had placed their family members in opposing armies. It had
disrupted their hopes for better lives for themselves and their children. Fortunately
for them, although they did not know it at the time, their luck had already
begun to change. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">As Little Rock prospered in the years following the war, the
families from Asch would find great success as merchants in the city. The first
and biggest step toward future accomplishments was the opening of a grocery
store on Little Rock’s Main Street in November 1863, a couple of months after
the city had been occupied by Federal troops. The store’s name was the Kramer
& Miller Family Grocery Store and Bakery, and it would enrich several of
the Asch families and prepare others to open their own successful stores. From
this foundation, the Asch families would become leaders of the protestant
German community in Little Rock and would make important contributions to the
economic, religious, and social life of the city in the decades following the
Civil War. </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Footnotes<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">1.</span></b> In the 1850s, Asch was a city and
district on the western edge of Bohemia, a region in the Austrian-Hungarian
empire. Then, as now, the city was located near the north end of a narrow
peninsula – a finger-shaped protuberance – that extends into Germany. To its
north, west, and east, the city was and is located just a few miles from German
borders.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">In a census conducted in 1858, the population
of the city of Asch was 7,420. The larger district of Asch that included the
city and surrounding area, had a population of 23,589 (source:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://www.asch-boehmen.de/d/index.php?seite=1_1">http://www.asch-boehmen.de/d/index.php?seite=1_1</a>
). Most of the city and district residents spoke German and had German
ancestry. A 1921 census found that ninety-nine percent of Asch’s population was
considered to be “German” (<i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #333333; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Statistický lexikon obcí v
Čechách</span></i><span style="background: white; color: #333333;"> (Statistical
handbook of the municipalities in Bohemia), part of the <i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;">Statistický lexikon obcí v Republice Československé</span></i><span style="border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"> (Statistical handbook of the municipalities in the
Czechoslovak Republic), 2nd ed., vol. <b>1</b> (Prague, 1924).
See </span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%A1"><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%A1</span></a><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #333333; padding: 0in;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">After World War I, Asch became part of
Czechoslovakia. The spelling of the city name was de-Germanized, changed to
“Aš.” In the 1930s after Hitler seized power, German nationalists wanted
“Sudetenland” -- areas in Czechoslovakia, like Aš, in which most residents were
ethnic Germans – to be brought into Germany, and in 1938<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Germany’s Nazi regime forcibly annexed
Sudetenland into the Third Reich. After the end of World War II, the new
government in Czechoslovakia forced almost all ethnic Germans living in the
Sudetenland to leave the country. The population of Aš.changed from 22,930 in
1930 to 11, 378 in 1947. The city’s population in 2016 was 13,227. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">2.</span></b> These emigrants from Asch had,
mainly, traditional German names with German spelling. After they came to the
United States, most altered their names to conform with English usage. For
example, Johann became John, Christof became Christopher, and Edvard became
Edward.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">With few exceptions, I use the Americanized
names of the emigrants. Among the exceptions are the first names of the parents
of the families who came to the United States with their children. Thus, I
refer to Johann Martin Reichardt and Johann Michael Geyer, but substitute John
for Johann when referring to their various sons.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The spelling of some names change from source
to source. The main problem is the interchanging of “a” and “e.” For example,
the name of one Reichardt daughter is sometimes spelled “Adaline” and sometime
“Adelina.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Similar differences in
spelling can be found with the names of Margaretha, Catherina (Katherina), and
Sophia, with “a’s” and “e’s” changing. In other places, the “K” is changed to
“C” (e.g., Carl instead of Karl) and “pf” changed to “f” (Christoph to
Christof).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">3.</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>John Adam Reichardt’s role in the 1848 uprising was not mentioned in a
biographical sketch on the Reichardt family written by Fay Hempstead in his <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Historical Review of Arkansas</b> (vol. 3,
pp. <span style="color: black;">1534-1535</span>), nor was it mentioned in his
obituary. It was noted decades later in a 1929 newspaper article about the
celebration of Carl Schurz Day. This article asserted, fancifully, that John A.
Reichardt had fled to the United States with Carl Schurz, one of the leaders of
the 1848 revolution who later was a Union Army general and then had a
distinguished career in public service in the United States. According to the
article:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">In 1848, Carl
Schurz took an active part in the revolution in Germany…. With him in the
revolutionary movement was John Adam Reichardt who later came to this country
with Schurz. Mr. Reichardt came to what is now the city of Little Rock, while
Schurz went to Wisconsin, and later made his home in Watertown, Wisc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Schurz, fleeing arrest following the collapse
of the 1848-49 uprising, first went to Paris and then to London before
emigrating to the U.S. in August 1852. John Adam had already been in Arkansas
for a couple of years by the time Schurz arrived in Wisconsin. “Carl Schurz Day
to be Observed.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Arkansas Gazette,</b>
March 3, 1929, p. 45.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: black;">Fay Hempstead. 1911. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Historical Review of Arkansas: Its
Commerce, Industry and Modern Affairs</b>, Volume 3. Lewis Publishing co. pp
1534-1535.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><a href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Historical_Review_of_Arkansas.html?id=hD9EAQAAMAAJ">https://books.google.com/books/about/Historical_Review_of_Arkansas.html?id=hD9EAQAAMAAJ</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">4.</span></b> The couple married soon before or
soon after the two arrived in Arkansas. On the ship’s registry, she is listed
as “Catherine Penzel” with the name “Christopf Reichardt” following hers,
suggesting they were not married at the time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #181a1c; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">New Orleans, Passenger Lists,
1813-1963</span></b><span style="background: white; color: #181a1c;"> [database
on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2006. </span>(See <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at New
Orleans, Louisiana, 1820-1902</b>; Series: M259; Roll #32)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">5.</span></b> All the information on the ship
journeys of the Asch families from Bremen to New Orleans was found through
searches of the following Ancestry.com data base: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #181a1c; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">New
Orleans, Passenger Lists, 1813-1963</span><span style="background: white; color: #181a1c;"> </span></b><span style="background: white; color: #181a1c;">[database
on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2006.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Also
see, <span style="color: black;">Immigrant Ships Transcribers
Guild: Ship Johannes<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><a href="https://www.immigrantships.net/v16/1800v16/johannes18541023.html">https://www.immigrantships.net/v16/1800v16/johannes18541023.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">6.</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>According to a newspaper article published in 1939, Johann M. Reichardt
had owned a “woolen mill” in Asch, a textile manufacturing center. The article
says he sold the mill “in order that he might come of the United States.” See
Lucy Marion Reaves. “Glimpse of Yesterday.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Arkansas Gazette</b>, December 10, 1939, p. 23. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">On the passenger list of the Johannes, his
occupation was listed as “Oeconom,” which probably means economist.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">7.</span></b> John Christopher Geyer “commanded a
military organization in the [1848] revolution and was compelled to flee to the
US,” according to Fay Hempstead. 1911. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Historical
Review of Arkansas</b>, vol. 2. Lewis Publishing co. p. 753.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Available at<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Sz9EAQAAMAAJ">https://books.google.com/books?id=Sz9EAQAAMAAJ</a>
)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His role in the 1848 revolution (“he
led a company of revolutionists”) was mentioned in the obituary of his younger
brother, John E. Geyer. See “Pioneer Merchant of the City Succumbs.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Arkansas Gazette</b>, Dec. 29, 1919, p. 2.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The 1860 census showed Geyer living in Welborn
Township in Conway County; in 1870 his home was in nearby Howard Township. In
1875, he was appointed postmaster of Plummers Station, a stage coach and train
stop in Howard Township. In 1880, Plummer Station was incorporated as
Plumerville. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">8.</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Ancestry.com. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #181a1c; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">New Orleans,
Passenger Lists, 1813-1963</span></b><span style="background: white; color: #181a1c;"> [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc.,
2006.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(See </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at New Orleans, Louisiana,
1820-1902</b>; Series: M259; Roll #36)<span style="background: whitesmoke; color: #181a1c;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">9.</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The exact relationship of these two men is not documented. Their ages
and the fact they traveled together suggest they were father and son. See <span style="color: #0c0c0c; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Ancestry.com.<b> New Orleans,
Passenger Lists, 1813-1963 </b></span><span style="background: white; color: #181a1c;">[database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc.,
2006.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>(See Passenger Lists of
Vessels Arriving at New Orleans, Louisiana, 1820-1902; Series: M259; Roll 38)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">10.</span></b> See Mrs. Arthur R. Connerly. 1964. “The
Christopher Reichardt Family.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pulaski
County Historical Review</b>, 12, pp. 51-53<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">.
</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to this article by a
descendent of the Christopher Reichardt Family, “The first of the Reichardt
family to come to America was Christopher. He lived with his parents and
brothers and sisters in a small town called Asch, in Bohemia, Germany, and was
in love with Miss Anna Penzel of the same town.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The article then tells the story of how
Christopher made it to the United States:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>“… [the] Penzels were coming to American by sailship, of course, and
Christopher wanted to come along. He begged and pleaded with Father Penzel, but
Mr. Penzel didn’t think it was wise for a young couple, unmarried, to be so
long on the ocean together. Finally Father Penzel said, ‘Well if you young
people want to marry before we go, Chistropher may come along.’ So, at 4:00
o’clock in the morning, just before the ship sailed, Christopher and Anna were
married. And they came to American in 1848.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">In considering the accuracy of this story, note
that Asch was in Austria, not Germany; John A. Reichardt was likely the first
in his family to travel to the United States, arriving in 1848 or 1849; and
ship records show that Anna Catherine and Christopher sailed to the United
States in 1850 and the father and mother of Catherine Penzel were not listed as
passengers on the ship (see footnote 4).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">11.</span></b> Penzel’s <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wanderbuch</b> shows, with a dated entry, that he was in Asch in March,
1857. His father, Johann Christof Penzel, died in Little Rock on July 17, 1857.
(The <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wanderbuch</b> is an item in the <span style="color: black;">Penzel family collection, BC.MSS.11.01, Butler Center for
Arkansas Studies, Arkansas Studies Institute.)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">12.</span></b> Charles Penzel Wright, Jr., the
great-grandson of Charles F. Penzel, referred to his great grandfather as
“minor nobility” in an interview published in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Paris Review </b>in 1989. Wright achieved renown as a poet, serving
as U.S. poet laureate in 2014-2015 and winning the Pulitzer Prize for poetry in
1998.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>See J.D. McClatchy (interviewer).
“Charles Wright. 1989. The Art of Poetry No. 41.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Paris Review</b>, issue 113, Winter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(accessed on-line).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">13.</span></b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>More emigrants from Asch made the journey to Little Rock, but my
research has not discovered their fates. Six such emigrants were on the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Columbia</b> with George Reichardt and
Wolfgang Wunderlich in 1852. They were Johann Precht, age 20, a weaver from
Asch, and Adam and Margaretha Heilman, both age 40, who were traveling with two
small children from Rossbach (now Hranice), a small city a few miles north of
Asch. On the ship’s list of passengers, Precht and the Heilmans specified
Little Rock as their travel destination. Other travelers from Asch heading to
Little Rock were Christine Jäger, age 28, who traveled with the Johann M. and
Sophia Geyer family on their 1852 transatlantic trip. Also on board the ship
was John Wolfbrell, age 20, from Asch. In the ship’s records, he listed
Arkansas as his destination. On the 1854 ocean journey of the Reichardt family,
Maria Pfeiffer, age 20, from Asch, was listed as traveling with them to
Arkansas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">14.</span></b><span style="color: red;"> </span>Adam
Penzel departed on March 19, 1879 from Hamburg traveling to New York on the
Silesia. See Ancestry.com. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; color: #181a1c; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">New Orleans,
Passenger Lists, 1813-1963</span></b><span style="background: white; color: #181a1c;"> [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc.,
2006.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">15.</span></b> Adam Penzel apparently was not
closely related to Charles Penzel, whose obituary in 1906 did not mention Adam,
who was by that time a successful and well-known Little Rock butcher, as a
relative. Also, Adam was not a pall bearer at Charles Penzel’s funeral. Adam
Penzel did name his first son “Charles.” See “Last Rites for Charles Penzel.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Arkansas Democrat</b>, February 20, 1906,
p. 8. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">16.</span></b> Several connections by marriage among
the Geyer, Wunderlich, Kuenzel, and Penzel families can be found when exploring
genealogy websites. However, Reichardt was an uncommon last name in Asch,
suggesting that Johann Martin was born elsewhere and had moved to Asch from
Germany. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">17.</span></b> Estimates of the number of 48ers who
emigrated to the United States range from 2,000 to 10,000. Either of those
numbers is small compared to the estimated 200,000 Germans who emigrated
contemporaneously to the United States from 1848 to 1850. Despite the
relatively small number of 48ers who came to the U.S., they had a tremendous
impact on the nation as politicians, writers, newspaper editors, and opinion
leaders, and through their participation in the Union Army during the Civil
War.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>See the following books: <span style="color: #333333;">Carl Wittke. 1952<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">.</b>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Refugees of Revolution: The German
Forty-Eighters in America</b>. </span><a href="https://www.jstor.org/publisher/upenn">University of
Pennsylvania Press</a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">
</b>and<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>Don
Heinrich Tolzmann. 1998. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The
German-American Forty-Eighters, 1848-1998</b>. <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=au%3AIndiana+German+Heritage+Society.&qt=hot_author" title="Search for more by this author">Indiana German
Heritage Society<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">.</b></a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">To sample present day assessments of 48ers,
see the following:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kent Logson. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">From Rebels to Democrats – A New Assessment
of an Old Relationship. German-American Relations from 1848 to Toda</b>y.
Gustav-Stresemann-Institute e.V Bonn Symposium, Berlin, March 19, 2018,
accessed at<span style="background: white; border: none windowtext 1.0pt; color: #333333; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;"> </span><a href="https://de.usembassy.gov/rebels-democrats/"><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0in;">https://de.usembassy.gov/rebels-democrats/</span></a><span style="background: white; border: 1pt none windowtext; color: #333333; padding: 0in;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: red;">18.</span></b> Jonathan J.
Wolfe. 1973. “The Peopling of Pulaski: Pulaski County Population Sources and
Composition 1830-60.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Pulaski County
Historical Review,</b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> 21, pp.</i> 51-52.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Shirley Sticht Schuette. 2005. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Strangers to the Land: The German Presence
in Nineteenth Century Arkansas</b>, A Thesis submitted to the Graduate School
University of Arkansas at Little Rock in partial fulfillment of requirements
for the degree of Master of Arts in Public History, pp. 35-38.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /><span style="color: red;">19. </span> Several other emigrates (e.g., Frederick Kramer) came to United States in 1848 and 1849, but they were not refugees fleeing Europe in the aftermath of the Revolution. Of course the political and economic conditions that led to the 1848 Revolution were also factors that led to increasing emigration from German and Austrian states.<br /> <br /><span style="color: red;">20.</span> The 1860 census showed that 63 single men born in Germany or Austria were living in Pulaski County.<br /></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: red;">21.</span> All of their nearby neighbors were from Germany or Austria. Among them were the families of George Blank and Daniel Rauch, who, according to the 1860 census, were from Austria, and the George Peil family from “Germany.”</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">The Primrose cemetery was established in 1843 on land donated by George Peil after he buried a son there. In 1867, the Primrose Baptist Church was built on land next to the cemetery. See Jefferson I. Dorough. 1983. “George Daniel Peil and Early German Immigrants in Pulaski County.” Pulaski County Historical Review, Fall, pp. 55-57. Also see, <a href="https://www.primroseumc.org/our-heritage">https://www.primroseumc.org/our-heritage</a> </span><br />
<br /><b style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: red;">22.</span></b><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> Information on the land granted and sold to Christopher Reichardt is found in a search of this Ancestry.com data base: United States, Bureau of Land Management.</span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><b style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Arkansas, Homestead and Cash Entry Patents, Pre-1908</b><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">[database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com, 1997.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: red;">23.</span> Fay Hempstead. 1911. Historical Review of Arkansas: Its Commerce, Industry and Modern Affairs, vol. 3. Lewis Publishing co. p. 1534. (Available at <a href="https://archive.org/stream/historicalreview03hemp/historicalreview03hemp_djvu.txt">https://archive.org/stream/historicalreview03hemp/historicalreview03hemp_djvu.txt</a> </span><br />
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #cc0000;">24.</span> Fay Hempstead. 1911. Historical Review of Arkansas: Its Commerce, Industry and Modern Affairs, vol. 2 Lewis Publishing co. pp. 753-754. (Available at <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Sz9EAQAAMAAJ">https://books.google.com/books?id=Sz9EAQAAMAAJ</a> )<br />For more on Louis George and his family, who had come to Little Rock in 1833 as part of the Mainzer Emigration Society, see Dan Durning. 1975. “Those Enterprising Georges: Early German Settlers in Little Rock.” <b>Pulaski County Historical Review</b>, 32(2), June, pp. 21-37. </span><br />
<br /><b style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="color: red;">25.</span></b><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">“Geo. Reichardt, Old Citizen, Dead.”</span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><b style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Arkansas Gazette, </b><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">June 15, 1910, p. 7</span><b style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">; </b><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">“George Reichardt was one of the leading business men of Little Rock.”</span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><b style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Arkansas Gazette</b><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">, Nov. 7, 1931, p. 56; and</span><b style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </b><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">“George Reichardt (obituary).”</span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><b style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Arkansas S</b><b style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">taatszeitung</b><b style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">,</b><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">June 17, 1910.</span><br />
<span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">26.</span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Wunderlich enlisted on May 21, 1856.</span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="background: white; color: #181a1c; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Ancestry.com. <b>U.S. Army, Register of Enlistments, 1798-1914</b> [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2007.</span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><br />
<span style="color: red; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: red; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">27.</span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> See “Married.” </span><b style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Weekly Arkansas Gazette</b><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">, Nov 11, 1853, p. 3 and “Jos. C Schader. Pioneer Resident Passed Away Yesterday.” </span><b style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Arkansas Democrat</b><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">, Nov. 14, 1902 p. 2. Also see “Mrs. Sophia Schader (obituary).” </span><b style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Arkansas Democrat</b><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">, January 3, 1916, p.6. </span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: red;">28.</span> Ferdinand Baer Sr. (obit). <b>Arkansas Democrat</b>, February 15, 1912, p. 10.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: red;">29.</span> For more on Kramer, see <a href="http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?search=1&entryID=12300">http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?search=1&entryID=12300</a></span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><br />
<span style="color: red; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: red; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">30.</span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> The last
three of these four 1857 weddings were conducted by Washington L. Lewis, a
Pulaski County Justice of the Peace.</span><br />
<br />
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">After their marriages, Louisa and her sister
Adelina lived with their husbands in the Little Rock Arsenal barracks until
October 1859 when Kramer was allowed to leave the army before the expiration of
his five-year term. The Wunderlich family stayed in the barracks until his
release from service, effective February 1, 1861, just a week before the
commander of the Little Rock Arsenal surrendered it to avoid an attack by an
enraged mob.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>See David Sesser. 2013. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Little Rock Arsenal Crisis</b>, The
History Press.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">When Kramer left the army, he and Adelina
moved to a living space above the grocery store he had opened on Main Street in
November 1859 with his friend Ferdinand Sarasin, a German immigrant.</span></div>
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<br /><span style="color: red; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">31.</span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> Note that
Kramer had taken the same duties as a carriage maker at the Arsenal that Ditter
had had previously. In early 1857, when Kramer had moved to Little Rock as his
first term as a soldier was ending, he had applied for U.S. citizenship. Ditter
was one of men who signed his application, attesting to Kramer’s good
character.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Four of the men who married women from Asch
had in common their work as carriage makers and carpenters. Ditter, Kramer, and
Wunderlich served as carriage makers at the arsenal, and Ditter, Baer, and
Wunderlich made and sold carriages, coffins, and other wooden products.</span></div>
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<br /><span style="color: red; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">32.</span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> When the
1860 census was taken, the report noted that the members of the Christopher and
Johann Martin Reichardt households could not read or write English. However,
the lack of English skills was not a big problem for them. Most of their nearby
neighbors had also immigrated from Germany or Austria, so it was possible to
socialize with them in German. Also, when they needed supplies or other goods,
they could get them at Little Rock stores that were owned and operated by
German immigrants.</span></div>
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<br /><span style="color: red; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">33.</span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
Information on John Adam Reichardt’s service was mentioned in testimony he gave
on behalf of Issac Bott, a German immigrant living in Little Rock, who had
filed a claim in hopes of getting paid for a load of sugar that Federal troops
had taken from him in September 1863.</span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">
</span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">See </span><span style="color: #181a1c; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Ancestry.com. <b>U.S.
Southern Claims Commission, Disallowed and Barred Claims, 1871-1880</b> [database
on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2007.</span></div>
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<br /><span style="color: red; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">34.</span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="color: #181a1c; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">National Park
Service. <b>U.S. Civil War Soldiers, 1861-1865</b> [database on-line].
Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2007.</span></div>
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<br /><span style="color: red; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">35.</span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> One of
Christopher and Johann Martin’s neighbors, George Blank, listed in the 1860
census as being from Austria, lost one of his sons, George, who was killed
while serving in the Union Army in 1865. He is buried in the Little Rock
National Cemetery.</span></div>
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<br /><span style="color: red; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">36.</span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> See
Calvin L. Collier. 1961. </span><b style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">First In – Last
Out: The Capital Guards</b><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">. Pioneer Press (Little Rock).</span></div>
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<br /><span style="color: red; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">37.</span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> The
advertisement, dated May 31, 1861, was headlined, “War! War! War!” and declared
in the first sentence, “Both of us are anxious to join the army and hereby
announce to be public that we offer our entire stock of Groceries and Provision
at moderate cost.”</span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">The ad, published in
the </span><b style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Weekly Arkansas Gazette</b><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">, was
signed, “Sarasin & Kramer.”</span></div>
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<br /><span style="color: red; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">38.</span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> “F. Baer”
appears in a search of records in </span><span style="color: #181a1c; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">National Park Service. <i>U.S.
Civil War Soldiers, 1861-1865</i> [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA:
Ancestry.com Operations Inc., 2007. According to a history of the Capitol
Guard, “F. Bear” was a member of the Guard who left just before it was
incorporated into the Confederate Army. Another soldier, this one named George
Baer, was in Company A of the Arkansas Sixth Regiment (the former Capitol
Guard). He was </span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">killed
in action on June 27, 1864 at the battle of Kennesaw Mountain in Georgia.</span><span style="color: #181a1c; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> His relation to Ferdinand Baer, if any, is not known.
Collier, <b>First In – Last Out</b>, p.
115.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #181a1c;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">39. </span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">See “Pioneer Merchant of the City
Succumbs.” </span><b style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Arkansas Gazette</b><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">,
December 29, 1919, p. 2 and</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">“Funeral of
Pioneer Business Man Tuesday.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Arkansas
Democrat</b>, December. 29, 1919, p.1. Also see Fay
Hempstead. 1911. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Historical Review of
Arkansas</b>, vol. 2. Lewis Publishing co. p. 753-754 (Available at<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Sz9EAQAAMAAJ">https://books.google.com/books?id=Sz9EAQAAMAAJ</a>
).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;">Kramer was, at least briefly, a partner in
this tannery, as shown in an advertisement published in the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Arkansas Gazette</b> on March 8, 1862.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It stated:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Wanted: A good tanner and currier, to whom the best wages will be given.
Enquire at the Tan Yard of Geyer & Kramer.”</span></div>
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<br /><span style="color: red; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">40.</span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> “Jos. C
Schader. Pioneer Resident Passed Away Yesterday.” </span><b style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Arkansas Democrat</b><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">, Nov. 14, 1902 p. 2</span><b style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">.</b></div>
<br />
<br /><span style="color: red; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">41.</span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">See</span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><a href="http://www.chrisanddavid.com/wilsonscreek/roles/SOLDIERSWOODRUFF.html" style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">http://www.chrisanddavid.com/wilsonscreek/roles/SOLDIERSWOODRUFF.html</a><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><br />
<br /><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: red;">42.</span> “Chas. F Penzel Passed Away This Morning.” Arkansas Democrat, Feb. 17, 1906, p. 1 and “Charles F. Penzel Died Suddenly.” <b>Arkansas Gazette</b>, Feb. 17, 1906, p. 1. </span><br />
<br /><span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: red;">43.</span> Henry Fisher (Fischer) was born in 1818 in Altenburg, Saxony. He emigrated to Arkansas in 1837 and married Anna Catherina George on Feb. 14, 1839. She was a member of the George family (Loui George's sister) that had emigrated to Little Rock in 1833. Henry and Catherina named their first son, born in 1840, Henry. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><br />Henry Fisher Sr. died on June 13, 1868 leaving a large family behind. “Died.” Daily Arkansas Gazette, June 16, 1868, p. 3.</span><br />
<br /><span style="color: red; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">44.</span><b style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </b><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">This draft letter was written in Penzel’s own hand in his </span><b style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Wanderbuch</b><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">, which he must have carried
with him when he was a soldier. Remarkably it was written in English even
though German was the native language of both him and Henry Sr.</span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">According to a history of the Capitol Guards,
Henry Miller was “killed on his feet” in fierce fighting early on December 31,
1862 during the battle of Murfreesboro (also known as the Battle of Stones
River).</span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">During the same day of fighting,
Peter Hotze, another German immigrant from Little Rock, was wounded when he was
“blown off his feet” by an artillery shell and Capt. John Fletcher, who was
commanding Company A, was shot in both legs. Calvin L. Collier. 1961. </span><b style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">First In – Last Out: The Capital Guards</b><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">,
Pioneer Press (Little Rock), pp. 60 – 65.</span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><br />
<br />
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<br /><span style="color: red; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">45.</span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"> Chas. F Penzel Passed Away This Morning. </span><b style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Arkansas Democrat</b><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">, Feb. 17, 1906, p. 1.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: red;">46.</span> See J.D. McClatchy (interviewer).
“Charles Wright. 1989. The Art of Poetry No. 41.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Paris Review</b>, issue 113, Winter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(accessed on-line).</span></div>
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<br /><span style="color: red; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">47. </span><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">The
naturalization papers are in the following collection: </span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Penzel, Charles
F. papers, Arkansas State Archives, Little Rock, Arkansas.</span></div>
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<br />Dan Durninghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10639064524903151404noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-537999101514441161.post-42110390278057160172018-09-07T17:06:00.001-07:002022-01-14T11:16:34.072-08:00Grace Reese Adkins, Fred D. Huckelbury, and the Rise and Decline of Fayetteville's Christ's Church, 1938-1981<br />
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><i><span style="font-size: 13.5pt;">(Note this blog entry is a long paper. To read it off line, you
can download it as a word file (without pictures) at this link:
<a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/vegb45l0ba8yg0g/christ%20church.docx?dl=0">https://www.dropbox.com/s/vegb45l0ba8yg0g/christ%20church.docx?dl=0</a> )</span></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">**********************************************************************</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">When the Fayetteville Library bought
the old City Hospital complex, it acquired a former church building located on
West Rock Street, just south of the present library. The building and the parsonage
next to it had been purchased in 1981 by the hospital, which had then filled in
the tree-lined ravine separating the former church grounds from the hospital
grounds, destroying City Hospital Park and its sea of buttercups.<span style="color: red;">[1] </span>The hospital then paved everything.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQSPcWvWvyK0s12fELai1aP3fta-7MWEn_weglWWkGaGAb8c6_jLhGaF-Ls6lfZIbN21_g2FIEGHRCnI-2AICr8J885aeUCK60KlymKNzf_xWt8wFFw7d5jXK9OGm9uQQO9vAT-9NBBow/s1600/christ+church1952.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1208" data-original-width="1600" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQSPcWvWvyK0s12fELai1aP3fta-7MWEn_weglWWkGaGAb8c6_jLhGaF-Ls6lfZIbN21_g2FIEGHRCnI-2AICr8J885aeUCK60KlymKNzf_xWt8wFFw7d5jXK9OGm9uQQO9vAT-9NBBow/s400/christ+church1952.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Former Christ's Church building viewed through the<br />southern windows of Fayetteville Public Library, 2015 </b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Made of light-colored bricks with a
glass cross embedded in its front exterior, the old church building merited
little notice as part of the hospital. During the three-plus decades the
hospital owned it, the building served many mundane purposes. When it was torn
down this summer, its fate was mostly unlamented. However, its destruction was
a sad occasion for those of us who remember it as it was in the 1950s when it
housed Christ’s Church and vibrated with the fervor of its pastor Fred
Huckelberry. And we recall with equal sadness the missing wood-frame house just west of the church where Grace Reese Atkins, the church’s former minister, </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">e</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">minence grise, and soul, had lived.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>With the demolition of the former church
building, the repository of many memories disappeared. The church’s ghosts are
now homeless. However, even with the old church building gone, the church’s
story should be preserved to fit into the mosaic of Fayetteville’s history.
Toward that end, the following is a short history of the church known from 1952
to 1964 as Christ’s Church and the people who breathed life into it. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Grace Reese Atkins and Central Christian Church: 1933 –
1950<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">The church that later became Christ’s
Church started on June 11, 1938, in the home of Emma Lehman where a small
congregation held “cottage services” until January 1939, when it rented a
meeting room on Center Street, just off the town square, and adopted a church charter
that created Central Christian Church.<span style="color: red;">[2] </span>Like the
First Christian Church on College Avenue, established in 1848, the new church
adhered to the principles of the Disciples of Christ, but Central Christian did
not officially affiliate with it.<span style="color: red;">[3] <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">As part of the American Restoration
Movement, Central Christian Church declared itself to be non-denominational and
non-sectarian. It was part of no organizational hierarchy. Its charter stated that
the Bible is the inspired word of God and that Jesus is the son of God, and it pledged
to “follow the pattern of the New Testament Church” in all matters. Members of
the church were expected to make decisions about the plain meaning of words in
the New Testament to govern the church and guide its doctrine.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The driving force in creating the new
church was Grace Reese Adkins (1884-1973), who had moved from Mondovi, Wisconsin
to Fayetteville in 1902 with her recently widowed father, Edwin Reese; four
brothers; and four sisters. She had been a precocious child, learning to read
before she started school (“though no one knew how or when”) and writing poetry
when she was eight. She later recalled, </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“My
</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">childhood
seemed to revolve around books, scissors, and pastepots.”[<span style="color: red;">4</span>]<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">In her first years in Fayetteville,
she worked as a teacher, and she also sometimes attended the University of
Arkansas.<span style="color: red;">[5] </span>She joined First Christian Church,
where Nathaniel Madison Ragland was the pastor. During those years, she furthered
her deep belief in and zeal for the Christian Church at least in part through
her interactions with H. S. Mobley, the district evangelist of the Christian
Church of Northwest Arkansas.[<span style="color: red;">6</span>] <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">In 1909, she married Ary Archer Atkins
(1886–1964) of Winslow, and the couple lived there until returning to
Fayetteville in 1920. While in Winslow, she and Ary had a daughter, Mildred Grace
(1910–1991) and a son, Harold Reese (1914–1986).[<span style="color: red;">7</span>]
The 1920 census showed that she, Ary, and their two children lived at 234 Block
Street in Fayetteville. She listed her occupation as a magazine writer. Ary worked
as a manager of Budd’s Department Store.[<span style="color: red;">8]</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Mrs. Atkins used her extraordinary
energy, drive and intelligence in work related to her three main interests: religious
education of young people, writing, and the Restoration Movement. Her efforts
in youth religious education were evident in 1917 when she was president in the
district Sunday School Association. In 1919, she became secretary of the Washington
County Sunday School Association and, as head of the section addressing Sunday
schools for children, helped planned its annual conventions at the University
of Arkansas.[<span style="color: red;">9</span>] <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After moving back in Fayetteville, she rejoined
First Christian Church and was for many years the superintendent of the children’s
division of its Sunday schools.[<span style="color: red;">10</span>]<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Mrs. Adkins not only sought to improve
religious instruction for youth locally, she also used her skills as a writer,
poet, and composer to produce instructional and inspirational materials for students
and teachers nationwide. While living in Winslow, she had written a book with
the racy title, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Sex Life of Girls
and Young Women, </b>that the Standard Publishing Company, a religious publisher,
issued in 1919. The book focused on biblical teachings of what girls and young
women should know and what they should not do. An academic reviewer writing for
the journal <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Social Hygiene</b>,
described the book as “A very unscientific, stupid, and well-intentioned book.”<span style="color: red;">[11] </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Mrs. Adkins also wrote didactic
fiction and non-fiction for magazines, mainly those affiliated with the
Restoration Movement, such as <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Christian
Standard</b>, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Lookout</b>, and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Restoration Herald.</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For example, she had a serialized novel, titled
“The Challenge,” published in the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Christian
Standard</b> magazine in 1921 and an article on education. “What We Must Do
About Johnny,” published in 1923 in the same magazine. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>During that time, she was also composing music.
Two of her early songs, The Bumblebee and Lullaby, were published in the
September 1919 issue of the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Progressive
Teacher and Southwestern School Journal</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Some of her activities in the late
1910s and 1920s were outside the church. With her interest in writing and music,
Mrs. Adkins joined the Author’s and Composer’s Society of Arkansas. A bulletin issued
by the organization in 1918 noted that she was expanding a serial novel she had
written, titled <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Girl of the Ozarks</b>,
and it would be published as a book<span style="color: red;">.[12] </span>At a
1921 meeting of the Society, she recited her new poem, “The Ozarks.”<span style="color: red;">[13] <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Also
during the 1920s, she also was active locally in organizations such as the
Jefferson School Parent-Teacher Association and the Fayetteville chapter of the
Women’s Christian Temperance Union, of which she was elected chapter president.<span style="color: red;">[14</span>]<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">In the late 1920s, Mrs. Adkins became
unhappy with the First Christian Church. She later recalled, “Old historic
First Church had long since lost its candlestick…. It had become a place of
departed glory, which wrung the hearts of those who loved the Gospel. I worked
actively there for 13 years, seeking in every way short of fruitless strife to
lure it back to Scriptural ways, but to no avail.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She decided, she said, “[T]o quietly slip
away,” adding, “There was no strife, no cleavage, I just slipped out quietly,
to do what I could where I could.”<span style="color: red;">[15]</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In 1927, while
still attending First Christian, she initiated an annual summer bible camp. Its
purpose was to assemble young people in a rural setting for a week or two of
religious instruction and fun activities. She named the gathering the Bethany
Bible Camp.[<span style="color: red;">16</span>] During the same summer, a church
in Willowby, Ohio also held its first bible camp for the same purpose, and that
camp, the Erie Side Bible Conference, is credited in a history of Disciples of
Christ bible camps as being the church’s first. The Bethany Bible Camp is not
mentioned. In the years that followed these pioneering efforts, bible camps
became regular and important features of Christian Churches.[<span style="color: red;">17</span>]<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">As Mrs. Adkins was quietly slipping
away from her church home in Fayetteville, she began working in the early 1930s
as a “community missionary in rural centers,” assisting small groups and
churches in small towns and rural parts of northwest Arkansas.[<span style="color: red;">18</span>] She wrote about those days, <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">“…I
began working out through the rural districts, as opportunity offered,
ministering to small, discouraged groups, and drawing the youth into camp
fellowship. I was ordained as a Christian worker and found many open doors –
which men were making no effort to enter. But always I was hampered by the lack
of home base here in Fayetteville to work out from, which would stand for the
Book and the Gospel.“[<span style="color: red;">19]</span> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>To remedy
the problem of lacking a proper home church, Mr. Adkins helped found the tiny
Central Christian Church.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She described
the early days of the church:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">The
evangelist-leader I had so persistently prayed for failed to come. So, at long
last, we started services in a home [in 1938], with just two widows and their
small families to help. The depression still had the country in its grip. My
husband was the only man we had for many years…. But somehow we carried on….
After a few months of services in a home, we moved to a hall, and were hard
pressed to pay the rent. Few attended…. We lost one of our best charter
members, and almost our only paying member, because we would not take a sectarian
position on holiness. But we held on.[<span style="color: red;">20]<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">From 1939 until 1950, Mrs. Adkins
served church minister, although others briefly stepped into the role at
different times. During those eleven years, she was Fayetteville’s only full-time
female minister. An article published on January 27, 1940 in the local paper
observed, “Central Christian Church is the only local church with a regularly
employed woman pastor. By preference she omits the title ‘reverend.’”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Her guiding principal as minister was stated
in the church announcement published weekly in the local paper: “In essentials
unity; in non-essentials liberty; in all things, charity.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyj79etJmv9r7gVgW7IMHbFYilmved388Z-UvzAXb6BmUJnQaBkqFwlUdAOqDKVZM2JIW0ysXutKICz_hiiWT_qjXfaKaPQEHPKc3D2p-FXbLZED9aRd5uR7Jlc3lkRljimJ-Yf7yFsC4/s1600/Northwest_Arkansas_Times_Sat__Feb_4__1939_.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1410" data-original-width="1600" height="351" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyj79etJmv9r7gVgW7IMHbFYilmved388Z-UvzAXb6BmUJnQaBkqFwlUdAOqDKVZM2JIW0ysXutKICz_hiiWT_qjXfaKaPQEHPKc3D2p-FXbLZED9aRd5uR7Jlc3lkRljimJ-Yf7yFsC4/s400/Northwest_Arkansas_Times_Sat__Feb_4__1939_.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Northwest Arkansas TImes, Feb. 4, 1938</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span>As minister
of the Central Christian Church, Mrs. Adkins continued directing the annual
Bethany Bible Camps, and she started holding each June an annual vacation bible
school at the church. The bible camps continued under her direction until 1950,
and she managed the church’s vacation bible schools until 1960.[<span style="color: red;">21</span>] <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Even as she was preaching, organizing
Bible camps and vacation bible schools, and conducting her own bible training courses
in the 1930s and 1940s, Mr. Atkins continued studying, writing, and composing. A
scholar of the Restoration Movement, she intensely studied the writings of one
of its founders, Alexander Campbell, and kept close watch on its development. She
sometimes wrote serious articles based on her research. One example is her
article in the December 1948 issue of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The
Restoration Herald</b> titled “Who Are the Church?” She also continued to write
fiction: Her favorite was titled, “Bread Alone,” that was serialized in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Lookout</b>, a Christian magazine for
young people, in 1933<span style="color: red;">.[22</span>]<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Another serialized story, “The Choice,” was
published weekly in the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Outlook, </b>from
April 30 to June 25, 1950. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In addition, Mrs.
Adkins wrote materials for special church services. Her program for celebrating
Mother’s Day was published in a small book in 1949 by Standard Publishing Company<span style="color: red;">.[23] <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Her poetry gained some attention
outside of church channels through a column titled “Ozark Moon” that appeared regularly
in the local paper from 1935 into January 1940. The column was written by
Walter Lemke (“Uncle Walt”), the chair of the University of Arkansas journalism
department, and it featured poems submitted by local poets. Mrs. Adkins, using
the pseudonym Priscilla, regularly corresponded with him, and he had high
regard for her poetry. He wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Priscilla
has been sending in verses from time to time which are distinguished by vivid
vocabulary, expert construction and other earmarks of good verse. One quality
of Priscilla’s poems, however, defies analysis. She sees things that we don’t
see. Of if we do, we’re not aware of them.…We don’t know Priscilla except
through the column…. She must be a grand person, so we’ll her a grade of “A” on
her poetry and an “A-plus on her faith…”[<span style="color: red;">24</span>] <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Mrs. Adkins' poetry was -- like her -- pithy, austere, and efficient, usually with short sentences
in short paragraphs. She often wrote poems in bunches. For example, she wrote
series of short poems on, among other topics, birds (“Notes on Ornithology”),
jobs (“Vocational Lyrics”), her childhood (“Leaves from Childhood’s Diary”), and
musical instruments (“About Musical Instruments”). Mrs. Adkins viewed writing poetry
for “Ozark Moon” as “pleasant relaxation in a strenuous life.”[<span style="color: red;">25</span>] <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">In 1938, a small press in Gilbert
Arkansas published a short volume on her poetry titled <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fragments of a Song</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Also,
some of her poems were published in a 1941 book featuring the short bios of writers
in the Ozarks and examples of their work. One of her poems in that book was titled
“Housewives”:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">Your problem, which no mere man understands,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Demands
consummate art —<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">The
endless Martha tasks upon your hands,<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">When
you’ve a Mary heart.[<span style="color: red;">26</span>]<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Beyond her articles, stories, and
poems. Mrs. Adkins also wrote numerous hymns. Six of those were published in different
hymnals<span style="color: red;">.[</span></span><span style="color: red;">27</span>]
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">A version of one, “I’ll Wish I
Had Done More,” published in 1948, has been adapted for choirs and featured in
recent years in several European churches<span style="color: red;">.[28] </span>One
performance with over 300,000 views on YouTube is located at this link: </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=420nDNYoAx0">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=420nDNYoAx0</a></span></span><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Even as Mrs. Adkins ventured into the
arts, her focus remained on her ministry. After meeting from 1939 through 1941 at
the old Woodman Hall building, located at 112½ Center Street, Central Christian
Church moved in January 1942 to a tiny building at 203 S. School Street, near
the City Hospital, that had previously been used at different times as a barbershop and as a restaurant. As the move was made, church members also were progressing
toward having their own church building. They purchased land nearby on West
Rock Street in 1943. Even with meager resources, the church was able to build a
basement on its West Rock Street land, starting it in late 1945 and completing
it in 1946. When it was finished, they began holding services there while
planning to build an auditorium over it.[<span style="color: red;">29</span>]<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">The Arrival of Fred
Huckelbury and the Rise of Christ’s Church <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">While meeting in the West Rock Street
basement in 1949, the congregation began searching for a full-time minister to
replace Mrs. Adkins, but it had difficulty finding one because the small church
could pay only a pittance from its collected tithes. In all practicality, the
church needed a minister who could attract enough members to pay his salary and
its other costs. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfQQFBOXP4Wj61kSNnh6n6X08V1MqkzarrZ0ejIeREr6HCQJR1uXmbUorgUyYEo8eTwgZ15nDfcc1CH2VTY2Xih0oU07F9S1pQmkcobjQsZCgQtzrVj992Gmp6-z68z2tyRq9T3K5I2S8/s1600/huckaby1.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1547" data-original-width="1466" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfQQFBOXP4Wj61kSNnh6n6X08V1MqkzarrZ0ejIeREr6HCQJR1uXmbUorgUyYEo8eTwgZ15nDfcc1CH2VTY2Xih0oU07F9S1pQmkcobjQsZCgQtzrVj992Gmp6-z68z2tyRq9T3K5I2S8/s400/huckaby1.jpg" width="378" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Fred Huckelbury at Christ's Church, mid 1950s</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">On July 31, 1950, a 37-year-old
business man from Fort Smith came to conduct evening services at Central
Christian Church, and wowing its members, he was invited back to preach at the
next Sunday morning service.[<span style="color: red;">29</span>] The man, Fred Donald
Huckelbury (1912–1987), had been born near Van Buren into a large family. He had
followed the path of his father, a salaried laborer, and, after finishing three
years of high school, had worked at Lauck Lumber Company in nearby Mena. He had
been elected to represent the company’s Sawmill and Timber Workers Union, and
in that capacity had negotiated with the mill’s owner during a 1937 strike.[<span style="color: red;">30</span>] <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Huckelbury, who married Indianola Faye Branham of Fort Smith in 1932, had moved with his family to California in
the late 1930s. The 1940 census showed him and Faye, plus three children,
living near Los Angeles. According to his draft board information, he worked as
a finisher for the Air Light Venetian Blind Co. and was never drafted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Sometime in the post-war 1940s, Huckelbury
and his family had moved back to Van Buren, where he worked for the Sun-Tilt Venetian
Blind Co. in Ft. Smith. (He may have owned the firm.) While earning a living by
making and selling venetian blinds, he had apparently prepared himself for the
ministry. However, he was not the minister of any church in the Fort Smith –
Van Buren area in the late 1940s and early 1950s.[<span style="color: red;">31</span>]
<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxHj_uZhEMWg5Ub9ed35llzFbqHtnqCcnJympR-OEcs89UAjrYvGDYRUQjxLZQfQbalDnp0xw8TNKjIbKN5zdZH5vujFkV_GMQUbDeVx0FU5aLrZgyt1pC3DraZFcJUzIliazxNvF3zQA/s1600/huckaby2.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1532" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxHj_uZhEMWg5Ub9ed35llzFbqHtnqCcnJympR-OEcs89UAjrYvGDYRUQjxLZQfQbalDnp0xw8TNKjIbKN5zdZH5vujFkV_GMQUbDeVx0FU5aLrZgyt1pC3DraZFcJUzIliazxNvF3zQA/s400/huckaby2.jpg" width="382" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Fred Huckelbury with Faye Huckelbury in Christ's Church. mid 1950s</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Whatever training for and experience
as a minister Huckelbury had before he visited Fayetteville in 1950, they were
more than enough: it turned out that he was very good at it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This thin, tall (6” 2”), intense man with
wavy hair impressed listeners with his talents as an orator and dazzled them
with his musical abilities as he played different instruments.[<span style="color: red;">32</span>] <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Huckelbury was not a hell-fire bible
thumper and jumper like those found in many fundamentalist churches at the time; he
spoke clearly, firmly, and eloquently, delivering a reasoned message in a
smooth, deep voice. His scripture-based sermons appealed as much to the listeners’
intellect as to their gut, even as they delivered a firm message of right and
wrong. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Many Central Christian Church
members, especially its spiritual leader, Mrs. Adkins, thought Huckelbury was a
good fit for the church, and church members hired him to be their minister.
Mrs. Adkins later observed, “[I]n the time of our greatest need, [God] sent
Fred Huckelbury, a young businessman from Fort Smith to help us.”[<span style="color: red;">33</span>]<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Huckelbury took over the ministry in
early 1951, though he continued to commute from Fort Smith for some months
after that. The first year of his ministry was difficult, but the Church had started
growing. Mrs. Adkins described the first year as follows: “Satan sent every
device to hinder – sickness, broken bones, business difficulties – everything.
But under his ministry, after months of grueling, heartbreaking effort, the
tide began to turn.”[<span style="color: red;">34</span>]</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Central Christian Church took a big
step forward on November 11, 1951, when it held its first church service in the
newly completed auditorium that had been built over the West Rock Street basement.
It continued to expand and improve the building during the next few years,
adding an organ, a baptistry, and a back wing. In 1952, the church’s name was
changed to Christ’s Church, likely to emphasize its strictly non-hierarchical, non-denominational
character.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-TDnnHPnKhLsTHhxvifzB29fqvZ_VwFw-xe0EC5VYOgb1qsCkxNsXKvEUiNtCl475kHCVLcfbxDPyHw70EOVzVlDfEK2FFxTDWDX5MmH7n0IokdD7wc1YvbL811IMjlJuzeRovwpv54E/s1600/EK_0053.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1466" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-TDnnHPnKhLsTHhxvifzB29fqvZ_VwFw-xe0EC5VYOgb1qsCkxNsXKvEUiNtCl475kHCVLcfbxDPyHw70EOVzVlDfEK2FFxTDWDX5MmH7n0IokdD7wc1YvbL811IMjlJuzeRovwpv54E/s640/EK_0053.JPG" width="586" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Newly Built Christ's Church, December 1952</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fueled by the tireless evangelizing of the
charismatic preacher, who was supported by the prodigious work of Mrs. Adkins,
Christ’s Church rapidly increased its membership, adding 77 new members from September
1951 to August 1952, 33 by baptism and 44 by transfer. Part of the church
resurgence was stimulated by a lively multi-night revival that Huckelberry held
in November, 1951.[<span style="color: red;">35]<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">As the menu of activities offered to
church members of all ages grew, new members continued to join the church week
by week. For example, the Church Bulletin for March 21, 1954, reported that in
the previous week the church had added nine new members, four through transfers
from a Baptist church and five through baptism<span style="color: red;">.[36</span>]
<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">A picture of the church building
published in the local paper on Dec. 24, 1952, included the claim that Christ’s
Church had more baptisms in the preceding year than any other Christian Church
in Arkansas. That claim was evidence of the growing success of the small
church. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Through the efforts of Mrs. Atkins, who
resided in the house just west of the church at 429 West Rock Street, Christ’s
Church had multiple programs for children. In 1952, the church’s daily vacation
bible school, directed by Mrs. Adkins, enrolled 61 children and it continued to
grow each year that followed during Huckelberry’s ministry[<span style="color: red;">37</span>] <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Aside from
programs for children, the church had special programs for teenagers (including
a harmonica club) and college age adults, plus it had a men’s group, a women’s
group and bible study for all adults. The church even offered “university-level
bible courses” through the Arkansas Bible Institute it created in 1954.[<span style="color: red;">38</span>] The Institute was headed by Mrs. Adkins and the
courses were taught by Paul C. Davis (1904–1986), a former public school
teacher and former state representative who was at the time the elected
Washington County Clerk. In 1953, the church also began publishing its own
journal, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Gospel Challenge</b>,
edited by Mrs. Adkins.[<span style="color: red;">39</span>]<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKB8g9PWCVOgC-Xd7Fbe0TU5N-wRehVnSjWy2eQNxPFSFt29_6-2jTWI7JKPFz2d5k2bSw2LKXHpfU5lauJu3wmj04vXgdyaj1nyod6hzqsrrY4u7mWhOOTBid1SKvs8ioAmqU4swYsrk/s1600/Northwest_Arkansas_Times_Sat__Dec_23__1961_.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1476" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKB8g9PWCVOgC-Xd7Fbe0TU5N-wRehVnSjWy2eQNxPFSFt29_6-2jTWI7JKPFz2d5k2bSw2LKXHpfU5lauJu3wmj04vXgdyaj1nyod6hzqsrrY4u7mWhOOTBid1SKvs8ioAmqU4swYsrk/s400/Northwest_Arkansas_Times_Sat__Dec_23__1961_.jpg" width="368" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Drawing of Christ's Church, Northwest Arkansas Times,<br />December 23, 1961</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">From the beginning of Huckelbury’s
ministry, the church had continued the outreach programs that had been
initiated earlier by Mrs. Adkins when she had been the church’s pastor. and had
expanded them. Huckelbury and church members held rallies and conducted church
services in rural parts of the county. Three church members became ordained
ministers to assist churches outside Fayetteville. To extend the church’s
reach, it began in 1952 a weekly Sunday morning radio program on KRGH.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">As the church began to take off in
1952, Mrs. Adkins was mightily pleased with what she saw. She was, at last,
realizing her dream. She wrote in Fall 1952:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">…there
is something peculiarly fresh and different in …Christ’s Church.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Somehow, in some measure, we have been able
to capture the vital essence of the Early Church. We have done it partly by
avoidance of stilted forms and customs – by “practicing in non-essentials,
liberty.” And by lots of knee work. Just lots and lots of it. Little by little,
our dreams of a Scriptural congregation are coming true. And the church is
spilling over into the country around, through radio programs, and rural
services and rallies, and the tireless efforts of Fred Huckelberry…. Cars from
the church go out with him, and almost every night is full.[<span style="color: red;">40</span>] <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">My experience with the church started
in the first part of 1954, when I was in the first grade. My mother had drug me
to the church after she, my dad, and I moved to a City Housing apartment
located just a few blocks from West Rock Street. In the summer of 1954, I
attended Christ’s Church’s daily vacation bible school. I would also attend the
summer bible schools in the three years that followed. My main recollections
from those early experiences are marching into and out of the church building
with a column of kids as a piano pounded out “Onward Christian Soldiers, Marching
as to War” and making the trip down the perilous path to the City Hospital Park
in the ravine behind the church. There we could (at last!) play. I also recall watching
a peculiarly fussy and peripatetic older lady orchestrate everything,
apparently worrying about every detail. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieA6K0cVHVWd14ZwyTZGw9e96GLMjmRiVayfcjDXRvCJ_l29Pn7eM9x3Qk8ubzAz2N3bI-SGJE9XZWI738F2VyD-gCYfvS8lTYmiNYFDa7tHR7mdGAUeNnk89gzdkuSfWeT_8CevnUqoc/s1600/ssdip1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1208" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieA6K0cVHVWd14ZwyTZGw9e96GLMjmRiVayfcjDXRvCJ_l29Pn7eM9x3Qk8ubzAz2N3bI-SGJE9XZWI738F2VyD-gCYfvS8lTYmiNYFDa7tHR7mdGAUeNnk89gzdkuSfWeT_8CevnUqoc/s640/ssdip1.jpg" width="481" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Certificate acknowledging completion of the<br />1954 Vacation Bible School at Christ's Church </b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">That fussy lady, her hands always
moving with nervous energy, was Mrs. Adkins, and during the dozen years I was
active in the church, I spent considerable time with her, mainly in her classes
and in practices for various church programs (Easter, Thanksgiving, Christmas,
etc.) she was directing. I remember her as a no-nonsense purpose-driven woman,
never particularly warm or harsh. Certainly, I was impressed with her large
living room, crammed full of books, papers, and a piano, where we would often
meet. It struck me as a place from the distant past where serious reading,
thinking, and reflection took place, and I liked being there. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">In the years after I joined the
church, its growth and vigor of the church continued apace. The pastor and
church members, I recall, talked of a “spirit-filled” church, a church “on
fire” for Jesus. However, in 1956 it suffered a setback. I am not sure what
happened or why, but two men – brothers Odean (1918 – 1977) and Odell (1916 -
1991) Carnes -- who were church elders left the church with their families.[<span style="color: red;">41</span>] <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In early 1956,
Odean – a barber by trade – was pastor of Parkdale Baptist Church in
Fayetteville and a year later was the minister of a church with the name
“Central Christs Church” that met a few blocks from Christ’s Church. Some church
members left Christ’s Church to follow the Carnes bothers. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Despite this division in the church,
Huckelbury continued to fill the church until his departure at the end of
January 1958.[<span style="color: red;">42</span>] When Huckelbury left
Fayetteville, he moved to Julesburg, Colorado, where he became minister of the
Julesburg Church of Christ. In early 1960, he moved from Colorado to Corinth,
Mississippi, where he became pastor of the Harper Road Christian church and an
evangelist with the Christian Evangelizers Association, an organization created
by Cecil Todd (who had been a minister at the Christian Church in Fort Smith in
the late 1950s). The Association had its headquarters in Joplin, Mo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A newspaper story in 1960 described the
organization as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">The
Christian Evangelizers Association features national evangelists, Cecil Todd
and Fred Huckleberry, singing evangelist, Midget Lowell Mason, and the well-known
Blackwood Brothers Quartet as well as the Statesman and Prophets Quartets.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Christian
Evangelizers hold large tent revivals in various cities and help to establish
new congregations of Churches of Christ in those cities. They have been
televised and have also been on nation-wide radio programs.[<span style="color: red;">43</span>]<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Todd later changed the name of the organization to Rival
Fires Ministry and became a well-known tele-evangelist. The organization still
exists and is headquartered in Branson, Mo. It is uncertain how long
Huckelberry remained affiliated with Todd and his ministries.[<span style="color: red;">44</span>] <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">For most of the rest of his life,
Huckelbury was the pastor of Harper Road Christian Church in Corinth, and he also
periodically conducted revivals for churches in other states. He retired in
1984 and passed away in Corinth in 1987. He and Faye are buried at Fairview Cemetery in Van Buren, Arkansas.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">One of Huckelbury’s legacies is Rock
Solid Ministries, an organization that conducts Christian Church revivals
throughout the United States. It has two evangelists, both of whom live in
Corinth.[<span style="color: red;">45</span>] <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One of them is </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tom Weaver,
Huckelbury’s grandson, the son of David and Donna Faye Huckelbury Weaver, who
were married in 1949.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">The Rock Solid Ministries website
cites Huckelbury, “</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a mid-Twentieth
Century Restoration Movement Evangelist who held hundreds of revivals and
baptized thousands into Christ,” as an inspiration for its work.[<span style="color: red;">46</span>] It has posted on its website recordings of six
sermons that Huckelbury delivered on radio in Corinth in the early 1960s. The
sermons can be heard at this link: </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%;"><a href="https://www.rocksolidministries.org/fdhaudio/">https://www.rocksolidministries.org/fdhaudio/</a></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Christ’s Church After Huckelbury<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">When Fred Huckelbury left Christ’s
Church in early 1958, it was a thriving church with healthy membership and
diverse activities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It held Sunday
School before the main Church Service. It had Sunday evening, Wednesday night,
and Friday night services, plus many “fellowship opportunities” for its
members. It had a weekly radio program. However, time would show that much of
the success of the church had been due to Huckelberry and his formidable
talents.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">The man who followed Fred Huckelbury
had big shoes to fill. The Church picked Sterling McBee (1922 – 1993) He was an
earnest man who graduated from the University of Arkansas in 1952. He had the style
and eloquence, but not the charisma, of Huckelbury. Also, he was handicapped
in his efforts to continue the vitality of the church by the fact that he lived
thirty miles away in Huntsville and had a full-time job there as supervisor of
the local Farmers Home Administration office. He simply could not devote the
same amount of time to develop the church as Huckelberry had. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk8_muxShbL04ASxF4Cd1SfiUfvWb_B-jDEaaYa7nM9NXu75532ve3vIN6XAGz9xN5dPCS2feDRZvKW0qTq4qJ9mlvYdUTL-mN227SYG5jhHMaIA7pfAkuPWNEe4lyAeNuf3erkIU_Cqs/s1600/Northwest_Arkansas_Times_Sat__Aug_12__1961_.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1251" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk8_muxShbL04ASxF4Cd1SfiUfvWb_B-jDEaaYa7nM9NXu75532ve3vIN6XAGz9xN5dPCS2feDRZvKW0qTq4qJ9mlvYdUTL-mN227SYG5jhHMaIA7pfAkuPWNEe4lyAeNuf3erkIU_Cqs/s400/Northwest_Arkansas_Times_Sat__Aug_12__1961_.jpg" width="312" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Sermons by Sterling McBee at<br />Christ's Church</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Perhaps it was unhappiness with his
performance that caused in 1960 a major split in the church that resulted in Mrs.
Adkins leaving it. Or maybe, Mrs. Adkins had doctrinal disagreement with McBee.
Whatever her grievance, by the middle of 1960, she had left Christ’s Church –
the church to which had devoted much of her life -- to join the recently
created Central Christian Church. Several other church members joined the seventy-six-year-old
woman in the exit, and her departure was a grave blow to Christ’s Church, which
nonetheless carried on with a diminished flock.[<span style="color: red;">47</span>]
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">McBee remained as the church’s
minister until November 1963, when he was transferred from FmHA’s office in
Huntsville to its office in Warren. The church selected Carroll Cole (1901–1973)
as its next minister. He came to Christ’s Church from Anniston, Missouri, where
he had been pastor of a Christian Church. Soon after he took over as minister in
early February 1964, Christ’s Church merged with Central Christian Church, and
Mrs. Adkins rejoined the church on West Rock Street. Its name was changed to Central
Christian Church. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Although eighty years old and in poor
health, Mrs. Adkins played the piano at church services every Sunday, taught
bible classes, and directed special church programs.[<span style="color: red;">48</span>]
She continued her church-related activities until 1967, when she moved to
Illinois to live with her daughter, Lois Johnson. She passed away in 1973 and
is buried in Fairfield Memorial Gardens in Fayetteville.[<span style="color: red;">49</span>] <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Carroll Cole remained as pastor of
Central Christian Church for less than two years, leaving in September 1965.
The men who followed him as minister of the church at West Rock Street were as
follows: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Edward
R. Baker (June 1966 – February 1968)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Charles
Pickett (November 1968 – October 1970)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Carroll
Cole (October 1971 – July 1973) (passed away Dec. 1973)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Sterling
McBee (February 1974 – March 1976)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Herman
Paden (April 1976 – 198?)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">These pastors presided over a
diminished church whose slow downward attendance trend was sometimes
interrupted by enthusiasm created by a new pastor, church rallies, and other
special events.[<span style="color: red;">50</span>] Despite their best efforts,
none of the ministers was able to recapture the magic of the Huckelberry years.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In 1981, the
church’s pastor was Herman Paden, who had occupied the pulpit for nearly five
years after he had replaced McBee (who had in 1973 returned to be the church’s
pastor, leaving again in 1976). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Paden
and the church were approached by City Hospital directors about their desire to
buy the church’s West Rock Street buildings and land. The hospital intended to
expand and to do so it needed the church’s property. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFbwAnJ2zvIKAaX7xu0Ftl3hoPDiXSW-n4SFaHZqZK2CQSdjZZbBhg-s5cCEgPCDs6TkgOaY1g9zQqcNJTCUhOPtpMNmpa56_ECCr6r0hXnPvClaN-iHFXQL7KGR46v2j3_AbzA-QZL70/s1600/dispute1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1233" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFbwAnJ2zvIKAaX7xu0Ftl3hoPDiXSW-n4SFaHZqZK2CQSdjZZbBhg-s5cCEgPCDs6TkgOaY1g9zQqcNJTCUhOPtpMNmpa56_ECCr6r0hXnPvClaN-iHFXQL7KGR46v2j3_AbzA-QZL70/s640/dispute1.jpg" width="492" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>The Northwest Arkansas Times reports the sale of the church building to the City Hospital,<br />August 15, 1981</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">When the church resisted selling the
building that had been its home for thirty years, the hospital threatened to
initiate condemnation proceedings. In early August, 1981, a week before the
governing board was to vote to file condemnation papers, the hospital and church
reached an agreement: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The hospital would
buy for $130,000 a church building at 904 West 15<sup>th</sup> Street that belonged
to the Pentecostal Church whose members were about to move into a new church
building. The hospital would then trade the 15<sup>th</sup> Street church building
for Central Christian Church’s West Rock Street properties.[<span style="color: red;">51</span>] The deal was made, and Central Christian Church
left its building on South Rock Street. It held its first services at its new
location on November22, 1981.[<span style="color: red;">52</span>] <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Central
Christian Church still meets weekly and will celebrate its 80<sup>th</sup>
birthday in 2019. Its church building now is located at 3264 North 48<sup>th</sup>
Street in Springdale and its long-time pastor is Ed Cowan.[<span style="color: red;">53</span>] The congregation is a small one. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Conclusion<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">While the destruction of a soulless
building can be painful for people who recall the efforts that were required to
create it, the hopes and dreams of the people who populated it, and the dramas
played out in it, the loss become deeper when memories accompany it into
oblivion. In the case of Christ’s Church, and of the city hospital that bought
it, the memories associated with these institutions should not be lost; their
stories belong in the narrative history of the city. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Sometime in
the next few years, the Fayetteville library will construct new buildings over
the land long occupied by the church and hospital. It will offer space and
programs that, no doubt, will be the envy of most cities. As this wonderful
addition to the city contributes to the learning of its citizens and enhances
the enjoyment of life of all who visit it, the library should find ways to tell
the story of the institutions that preceded it in its new location and to honor
those who made those institutions important elements of the city’s past.</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
<span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"></span><br />
<div style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><span face=""calibri" , sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
<span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Footnotes<br clear="all" style="break-before: page; mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;">1. Mrs. Grace Reese Adkins, whose short biography is presented in this
paper, would have been deeply disturbed by the destruction of City Hospital
Park, had she lived to see it. She wrote about the beauty of the flowers in the
park in letters to the editor of the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Northwest
Arkansas Times </b>in 1960 and 1962:</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Hlk522789317"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">There
is a beauty spot in Fayetteville which few people know anything about, namely a
lovely colony of buttercups in City Hospital Park, which increase in size from
year to year…I first discovered this colony in the early spring 1920, when I
was a patient in the City Hospital. I looked out of my window and saw the small
patch of yellow on the green slope of the hillside. Many years later we bought
a home on the edge of the park, and there they were still, but in greater
numbers. Each year they carpet a larger area….You ought to see them. They are
close to West Street, in a swale where the ravine flattens out and the sun
creeps in.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Letter to the editor. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Northwest Arkansas Times</b>, April 22,
1960, p 3; also see, Letter to the editor. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Northwest
Arkansas Times</b>, March 20, 1962, p. 16.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">2. For a
brief history of the church, see “Central Christian Church.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Northwest Arkansas Times</b>, December 12,
1981. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;">3.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For a history of the Disciples of Christ, see
<span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><a href="https://disciples.org/our-identity/history-of-the-disciples/"><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">https://disciples.org/our-identity/history-of-the-disciples/</span></a></span></span>
. A history of Fayetteville’s First Christian </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Church can
be found at this link:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://fccfayetteville.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Ragland-History-of-FCC-Fayetteville-high-res.pdf%20%0d3">https://fccfayetteville.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Ragland-History-of-FCC-Fayetteville-high-res.pdf
<o:p></o:p></a></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">4. Florence Woodcock McCullough. 1945. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Living Authors of the Ozarks and their
Literature</b>. Self-published, pp. 3.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Accessible at this link: <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.75436/2015.75436.Living-Authors-Of-The-Ozarks-And-Their-Literature_djvu.txt">https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.75436/2015.75436.Living-Authors-Of-The-Ozarks-And-Their-Literature_djvu.txt</a></span>
<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Also, Mrs. Adkins’ description of her move to
Fayetteville in 1902 with her family is found in a letter to the editor she
wrote, published in the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Northwest
Arkansas Times</b> on May 6, 1969, p. 4. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">5.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mrs.
Adkins alludes to her work as a teacher in a short summary of her life that she
wrote in 1945 for her entry in <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Living
Authors of the Ozarks and their Literature</b> (see footnote 4.)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She wrote, “It was only a step from public
school teaching to the field of Christian education.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In a letter to the editor of the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Northwest Arkansas Times</b> dated July 24,
1964, Mrs. Adkins wrote about attending an Arkansas history course at the
University of Arkansas during the first decade of the 1900s.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">6. According to Thomas Elmore Lucy, known as
the “Globe-Trotting Poet-Humorist of Arkansas,” who was popular in the state’s
Chautauqua Circuit, H. S. Mobley (his first name was “Hazel, which he
understandably did not use) arrived in Washington County about the same time as
Mrs. Adkins to be the “district evangelist of the Christian Church in Northwest
Arkansas.” He traveled by horse and buggy to rural areas of the county to hold
“brush arbor” revivals and other services. For a while, Lucy had accompanied
him as song leader for some of the services. According to Lucy, Mobley had
“outstanding personalities among his converts” such as Grace Reese Adkins,
“author and community missionary in rural centers.” Thomas Elmore Lucy, “The
Shining Cave,” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Arkansas Gazette</b>,
June 23, 1946, p. 37. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Mobley (1869 – 1946) left this work as a
full-time evangelist before 1910. The census that year showed him living in
Prairie Grove and working as a “traveling agent” for a farmer’s organization.
In 1920, he was farming in Prairie Grove and working for a program to help
farmers improve their crops. The census that year showed that Edgar L. Reese,
Mrs. Adkins brother, was among the people living on his farm. Mobley spent some
years in the 1920s in Washington D.C. as a lobbyist for farmers and later
traveled as a speaker for International Harvester Co.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the late 1920s, he returned to farming in
Prairie Grove and was elected nineteen times to one-year terms as president of
the Washington County Farm Bureau. He regularly served on the state board of
the Farm Bureau during these years.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">7. In 1925,
Mrs. Atkins had another daughter, Lois Margaret (1925 - ?).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">8. Advertisement. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Northwest Arkansas Times</b>, <span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">March 2, 1923, p. 3. According to Mrs. Adkins, her husband was “a quiet
person, not given to public work.” Grace Reese Adkins. 1952. “Rugged Paths to
Victory.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Restoration Herald</b>,
vol. 17 no. 1, September, pp. 5, 7.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">9.<span style="color: red;"> </span>“Fourth
District S.S. Convention August 27.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fayetteville
Daily Democrat</b>, August 22, 1917, p. 3; “County Sunday School Convention May
26-27.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fayetteville Daily Democrat</b>,
May 24, 1919, p. 1; and “County Sunday Schools to Meet Here Tuesday.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fayetteville Daily Democrat</b>, June 27,
1921. Mrs. Adkins was president of the district Sunday school association and secretary
of the county association. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">10. “Sunday Rally Day at First Christian.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fayetteville Daily Democrat</b>, Sept. 27,
1922. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">11.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>H.W.D. 1920. “Review of the Sex Life of Girls and Young Women.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Social Hygiene</b>, vol. 6, p. 303. Accessible
through Google Books. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">12 “<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Initial Bulletin Issued by Society.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Arkansas Gazette</b>, December 29, 1918, p. 16. Also see, <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">“Authors and
Composers Society Holds Meeting.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Arkansas
Gazette</b>, January 8, 1919, p. 1 and “Appears in New Dress.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Arkansas Gazette</b>, Feb 8, 1920, p. 45. I
have not identified the magazine in which the serialized novel was published
nor found any evidence it was published as a book. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">For more about the society, which had an
active membership of 122 in 1921, see a summary article in the July-August 1921
issue of the “The Arkansas Writer.” The article reprint is in C. Fred Williams,
et al. (eds.). 1984. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">A Documentary
History of Arkansas</b>, University of Arkansas Press, pp. 198–199.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">13. <span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">Note, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Arkansas Gazette</b>,
January 30, 1921, p. 29 and Note. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Arkansas
Gazette</b>, February 2, 1921, p. 4. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The February
1, 1921 meeting featured authors from Northwest Arkansas. Both Mrs. Adkins and
Thomas Elmore Lucey, mentioned in footnote 6, made presentations at the meeting.
<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">14. “P.T.A. to Hold Social Meeting.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fayetteville Daily Democrat</b>, June 16,
1922, p. 2 and “District W.C.T.U. Meeting Held at Fayetteville.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Arkansas Gazette</b>, March 19, 1930, p. 2.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">15. Grace Reese Adkins. 1952. “Rugged Paths to
Victory.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Restoration Herald</b>,
vol 17(1), pp. 5, 7.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">16. Bethany, a town mentioned in the New
Testament, was the home of Lazarus, who – according to the Bible -- was
resurrected by Jesus four days after he died. Bethany is also the West Virginia
city that was home to Alexander Campbell and is the name of the college he
established there in 1840.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">17. Mrs. Adkins stated specifically that her
camp was first held the same year that the Erieside Camp first met. She wrote,
“I tried to strengthen the churches of the county through their youth by
organizing Bethany Bible Camp, the same year Erieside was started. But while it
did much good, it could not turn the tide of apostasy in the churches.” Grace
Reese Adkins. 1952. “Rugged Paths to Victory. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Restoration Herald</b>, vol 17(1), pp. 5, 7.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The following is from a 1948 newspaper
article, likely based on materials written by Mrs. Adkins, that briefly told
the history of the Bethany Bible Camp:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Bethany
Bible Camp was one of the two first camps in the modern Christian Service
Movement for young people. The other was located in Erieside, Ohio. Both camps
started in 1927 without knowledge of each other and have served as models for
many years until the number of the camps now totals 197 in the United States.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The
main idea behind the service camps is education in Bible scriptures and
preparation for Christian work on a non-sectarian basis. A large number of
recruits for full time gospel and missionary work enter Bible colleges each
year from the services camps.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">The
first site of Bethany Bible Camps was at Wesley, and the school house there was
used for assembly, tents for dormitories, and the improved outdoor kitchen for
cooking. It has also been held at Brentwood, West Fork, Farmington, and the
Adkins home north of Fayetteville, where tents, garage, basement and barn lofts
were combined to provide dormitory accommodations. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">For
the past three seasons the camp has been held at the Highland Community
building with tents used for sleeping. A permanent camp ground has been
acquired nearby, but it is not yet ready for use. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">“Bethany Bible Camp Pioneered
in Modern Christian Service Movement for Youth.”</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <b>Northwest
Arkansas Times</b></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">, June 24, 1948, p. 8.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">For a discussion of Christian Church camps,
see the entry on “Camps” by Reuben G. Bullard in the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement</b>, edited by Douglas A.
Foster, published in 2004 by Wm B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">18<span style="color: red;"> </span>“Community
missionary in rural centers” was Lucy’s description of Mrs. Adkins (see
footnote 6). Lucy knew Mrs. Adkins through the Arkansas Authors and Composers
Society of which both were members in the early 1920s and through mutual
association with H. J. Mosely and his family. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">19. Grace Reese Adkins. 1952. “Rugged Paths to
Victory.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Restoration Herald</b>,
vol 17(1), pp. 5, 7<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">20. Grace Reese Adkins. 1952. “Rugged Paths to
Victory.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Restoration Herald</b>,
vol 17(1), pp. 5, 7<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">21. See these articles for descriptions of various Bethany Bible
Camps and vacation bible schools:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">“Farmington.” <b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Northwest
Arkansas Times,</span></b> July 15, 1941, p 2.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“Bethany Bible Camp to Open July 10.” </span><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Northwest Arkansas Times</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> July 9,
1942 p 4. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“Bethan Bible Camp Plans Reading Course.” </span><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Northwest Arkansas Times</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> Aug
6,1942.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Bethany Bible Camp to be
Held at Devil’s Den.” </span><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Northwest
Arkansas Times</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">, June 9, 1945, p. 3.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“Preparations Made for Bible Camp of Christian Church.” </span><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Northwest Arkansas Times</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> July 20,
1946, p. 2.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“Guest to Speak at Central Christian.” </span><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Northwest Arkansas Times</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> July 5,
1947, p. 2.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“Youth Week is scheduled at Bible Camp.” </span><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Northwest Arkansas Times</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> July 10,
1948, p. 2. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“New Course to be Featured on Bethan Bible Camp Program.” </span><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Northwest Arkansas Times</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> July 9,
1949, p. 2.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“25 Enrolled at Church
Bible School.” </span><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Northwest
Arkansas Times</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">, June 5, 1944, p. 7.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Central Christian Church
to Have Bible School.” </span><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Northwest
Arkansas Times</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> June 2, 1945, p. 3.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“Christian Bible School Continues.” </span><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Northwest Arkansas Times</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">, June 29,
1946, p. 2.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">“Evangelist [Billy James Hargis] to Hold Meetings Here.” </span><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Northwest Arkansas Times</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> May 24,
1947, p. 2. </span></span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Note. </span><b style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Northwest
Arkansas Times</b><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">, May 31, 1953, p. 2.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">22. Mrs. Adkins mentioned this story as her
favorite in her entry in Florence Woodcock McCullough. 1945. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Living Authors of the Ozarks and their
Literature</b>. Self-published, pp. 3-4. (See footnote 4.)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">23. The title was <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Standard Mother’s Day Program Book</b>. See<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> “</b>Work of Local Pastor Published.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Northwest Arkansas Times</b>, April 30, 1949.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">24 “Ozark Moon: Lines of Doctrine.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Fayetteville Daily Democrat</b>, Nov. 14,
1935, p. 4<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">25. </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Florence
Woodcock McCullough. 1945. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Living
Authors of the Ozarks and their Literature</b>. Self-published, pp. 3-4. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(See footnote 4.)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">26. This poem was published in Florence
Woodcock McCullough. 1945. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Living
Authors of the Ozarks and their Literature</b>. Self-published, pp. 3-4. It is
based on a story in the New Testament (Luke) about Jesus visiting the house,
located in Bethany, of sisters Martha and Mary. While Martha was distracted by
preparing a meal, Mary sat and talked at length with Jesus. Martha was not
pleased. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">27. See <span class="MsoHyperlink"><span color="windowtext"><a href="https://hymnary.org/person/Adkins_Grace"><span color="windowtext">https://hymnary.org/person/Adkins_Grace</span></a></span></span>
<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">28. Other songs in hymnals include “This is
the Way the Wind Doth Blow,” “‘Tis Written in his Word,”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“All Through the Day while I am at Play,” “Under
the Snow,” and “The One that the Children Love.” <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">29. Note. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Northwest Arkansas Times</b>, July 21,
1950.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Note. </span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Northwest Arkansas Times</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">, Aug. 7, 1950, p. 5<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">30. “Lumber Plant Resumes
Work.” </span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Northwest
Arkansas Times</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">, Aug 2, 1937, p. 9.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">31. I found no records that
document his preparation for the ministry. A search of Fort Smith city
directories and the city’s newspaper for the years 1949, 1950, and 1951
provided no record of Huckelberry serving as the minister of a church in the
Fort Smith-Van Buren area during these years. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">32. An article in the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Northwest Arkansas Times</b> reported that
he would be speaking to the “Fayetteville Bible Mission” and described his as
follows: “Mr. Huckleberry is known as a forceful speaker and talented musician.
He will bring with him a number of instruments, which he will play at the
service.” “Rev. Fred Huckleberry (sic) to Speak at Mission.” </span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Northwest Arkansas Times,</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> June 30, 1951, p. 2.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One of Huckelberry’s sisters was Mrs. Isabel
French, who wrote a weekly column, “Hills of Home,” for the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Arkansas Gazette</b> for more than two
decades. “’Hills of Home’ Writer Dies (Mrs. Isabel France).” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Arkansas Gazette</b>, Feb. 24, 1963 <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">33. </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Grace
Reese Adkins. 1952. “Rugged Paths to Victory.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Restoration Herald</b>, vol 17(1), pp. 5, 7.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">34.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
Grace Reese Adkins. 1952. “Rugged Paths to Victory.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Restoration Herald</b>, vol 17(1), pp. 5, 7.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">35. </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Grace
Reese Adkins. 1952. “Rugged Paths to Victory.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Restoration Herald</b>, vol 17(1), pp. 5, 7.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Also, “Fred Huckleberry (sic)
Revival Service.” </span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Northwest
Arkansas Times</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">, Nov 26, 1951, p. 2.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">36. One of the members added
through baptism that week was Bernice Durning, my mother.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">37. “Picnic Announced for
Christ’s Church DVBS.” </span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Northwest
Arkansas Times</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">, June 12, 1952.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">38. See these articles:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">“Berean Class Organized at
Central Christian.” </span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Northwest
Arkansas Times</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">, Jan 26, 1952 p. 2.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">“Halloween Party Given at
O’Dean Karnes House.” </span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Northwest
Arkansas Times</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">, Oct 31, 1952 p. 2.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">“Skating Party Given by
Christ’ Church.” </span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Northwest
Arkansas Times</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">, June 16, 1953, p. 2.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_Hlk523305987"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">“Christ’s
Church Has Bible Institute Work.” </span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk523305987;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Northwest Arkansas Times</span></b></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk523305987;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">, March 27,
1954, p. 11.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk523305987;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">“Christ’s Church to Re-Open Bible Class.” </span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk523305987;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Northwest
Arkansas Times</span></b></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Hlk523305987;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> August 28, 1954</span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">“Boys of Christ’s Church
Organize Harmonia Club.” </span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Northwest
Arkansas Times</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">, Nov 11, 1954.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">39. “Mrs. Adkins Editor of
Gospel Challenge.” </span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Northwest
Arkansas Times</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">, June 3, 1953.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">40. </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Grace
Reese Adkins. 1952. “Rugged Paths to Victory.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Restoration Herald</b>, vol 17(1), pp. 5, 7.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">41. Both were elders when the
church installed new officers for the coming year in late September 1955. “Christ’s
Church.” </span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Northwest
Arkansas Times</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">, Sept.24, 1955, p.
3.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After preaching at a local Baptist
church during most of 1956, Odean Carnes was the minister of Central Christs
Church when it opened its doors 425 South Government Street near the beginning
of 1957.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">42. I was probably the last
person that Huckelberry baptized at Christ Church. It was his last Sunday there
on January 28, 1958. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">43. “Daniel Schantz Joins Evangelizers.”
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Wilmington News-Journal</b> (Ohio), Jan
11, 1960, p. 6. Note: Reading the article it is unclear because of poor
punctuation whether Huckelberry or “Midget Lowell Mason” was the “singing
evangelist.” It was Mason, who later was known as the “world’s smallest gospel
singer.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Lowell Mason Will Sing at
Service.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Joplin Globe</b>, December 31,
1975, p. 10.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">44. See <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://revivalfires.org/about/">https://revivalfires.org/about/</a></span>
<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">45. See <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.rocksolidministries.org/staff">https://www.rocksolidministries.org/staff</a></span>
<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">46. See the short bio at<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><a href="https://www.rocksolidministries.org/fdhaudio/">https://www.rocksolidministries.org/fdhaudio/</a><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">47. My mother and most
long-time members stayed at Christ’s Church. I was attending church at the time
of the split, but as a teenager, I did not pay much attention to what was going
on and why. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">48 Central Christian, </span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Northwest Arkansas Times</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Nov 7 1964 and New Bible Class. </span><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Northwest Arkansas Times</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Feb 5, 1966, p. 5, I was in the Thanksgiving church
program she directed in November 1964.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">49. “Obituary: Mrs. Adkins<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">.” Northwest Arkansas Times</b>, January 11, 1974, p. 2.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">50.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As the list shows, Carroll Cole, who departed
as minister in September 1965, returned six years later to again take on the
ministry. He fell ill in Summer, 1973 and passed away in December. He was
followed by Sterling McBee, the man Cole had replaced in January 1964.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">51. “Hospital, Church Settle
Property Dispute.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Northwest Arkansas
Times</b>, Aug. 15, 1983, p. 1.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">52. “Central Christian
Church.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Northwest Arkansas Times</b>,
December 21, 1981. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">53. Tresa McBee Riha.
“Returning to the familiar.” <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Northwest Arkansas
Times</b>, January 8, 2000. My mother continued attending the church until
health issues intervened in 2013. My dad joined the church in the late 1990s
and attended with my mother. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />Dan Durninghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10639064524903151404noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-537999101514441161.post-31777706640315861762018-08-30T10:39:00.000-07:002018-08-30T10:39:36.774-07:00Bubba's Nemesis: The Battle for the 1962 Championship of the Fayetteville Babe Ruth League<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The 1962 Fayetteville [Arkansas] Babe
Ruth League (BRL) season had many highlights: <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>●Pitchers
threw five no-hit and five one-hit games. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>●In
one game, Collier Rexall scored 23 runs; in another, United Commercial Traveler (UCT) scored ten runs in the first inning before making an out.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>●In
the first few games of the season, Brad Jenkins carried his team, First National Bank, to four straight wins (he was
the winning pitcher in three of them), winning
the last one by stealing home in extra innings.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>●Near
the end of the season, Robert Wilks went 10 for 10, including </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> three home runs,
plus several walks, over a four-game stretch, leading </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> his team, Collier Rexall,
to a victory in each of them. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>●In
the second half of the season, OK & Milady came from behind three times <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>in their final
at bat for last inning wins; five of its last seven games were determined by
one run.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>●Fayetteville
Milk won its regular season last game by scoring 8 runs in the last<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>inning. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Yes, it was an exciting season. At
different times, different players got crucial hits, made spectacular catches,
and carried out other heroics that made the </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">season fun to watch.</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsVWbxDoqczg3o6Yhyphenhyphen5pcORlflqpkJ7BXJVFnjrtwTt7akutodYRBOehdMhCTzH6RnNY_OnOPPqr_B014xK_dIngn6vmF7Im8HI9aTBFXaEZUth3s8JZCmMCUJf3dqbBzV1o3kyAkVpG8/s1600/holsum1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1053" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsVWbxDoqczg3o6Yhyphenhyphen5pcORlflqpkJ7BXJVFnjrtwTt7akutodYRBOehdMhCTzH6RnNY_OnOPPqr_B014xK_dIngn6vmF7Im8HI9aTBFXaEZUth3s8JZCmMCUJf3dqbBzV1o3kyAkVpG8/s640/holsum1.jpg" width="419" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In the battle to determine the
championship team, two teams — United Commercial Travelers (UCT) and
Fayetteville Milk — stood out, and a third — OK & Milady Cleaners —
challenged them with a surprisingly strong second half. Despite the challenge,
UCT and Fayetteville Milk won their division titles and met in a
two-out-of-three-games playoff to determine the league championship. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">During the season, these two teams played
against each other four times, and UCT won all four games. Aside from these
games, both UCT and Fayetteville Milk lost only two games each.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So, in summer 1962, UCT was Fayetteville
Milk's nemesis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And I personally
thwarted Fayetteville Milk's best player, Bubba McCord. Of the four
UCT-Fayetteville Milk games, we pitched against each other three times, and UCT
and I won all three. Sherlock Holmes had Moriarity as a nemesis, the Sheriff of
Nottingham had Robin Hood, Seinfeld had Newman, and, in 1962, Bubba had me.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">For the whole story, go to this link for a Word document with all of the details: <a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/t3ot9zj1lpkweo3/59006218">https://www.dropbox.com/s/t3ot9zj1lpkweo3/59006218</a></span><br />
<br />
<br />Dan Durninghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10639064524903151404noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-537999101514441161.post-82289208314718953812018-07-23T12:33:00.000-07:002018-07-30T11:23:46.064-07:00My Dad Meets Alfredo Apostoli, Ex-Middleweight Boxing Champion, on Saipan <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Probably my dad‘s best day on Saipan, where he was
stationed as a soldier, came in 1945 when he got to pal around for a while with
Fred Apostoli, the former middleweight boxing champion of the world. The thrill
of meeting the former champ is apparent in pictures taken of them together, a satisfied
look on my dad’s boyish face and his arm around the famous man’s muscular shoulders.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrw7WnhxOUXAiZzFovRlitMIkFoH7FFpMC4gWE60TrI5Kl31485wk-HbLaz5nKWmyOR6CQM1ioddOUQiJYC6wa-F-mZJF5V8g2a0zZqREfDdltG0FAtXaiRqEuUmliRdeYdsgPiVt1elM/s1600/Image+%252828%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1123" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrw7WnhxOUXAiZzFovRlitMIkFoH7FFpMC4gWE60TrI5Kl31485wk-HbLaz5nKWmyOR6CQM1ioddOUQiJYC6wa-F-mZJF5V8g2a0zZqREfDdltG0FAtXaiRqEuUmliRdeYdsgPiVt1elM/s400/Image+%252828%2529.jpg" width="280" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fred Apostoli and Coy Durning, @April, 1945</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The thrill was real because Private First Class Coy Wayne Durning
had been a boxing fan for as long as he could remember, way before he had been
drafted into the army in September 1943 at the age of eighteen. Born in Cass
Arkansas on April Fool’s Day, 1925, he and his large family (four brothers and
five sisters) had lived there for a few years after his birth, then moved to Denning,
another small place in Franklin County, before they settled on the outskirts of
Fayetteville, a city where boxing was a popular spectator sport. </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVvtnhxTk-pitefhk-XmZbNIbzi_Tql5V2BsOmYcW5UgP7j6QcgzTtrCDx1SvTlxiFrzcdccGiFMnHuqjq6yEmVg-OJOJR4Ai6SDmcXxrwCp09zgeV1UhL1GjVunn48ticLAYGdSmfAaM/s1600/Image+cwd.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1308" data-original-width="1031" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVvtnhxTk-pitefhk-XmZbNIbzi_Tql5V2BsOmYcW5UgP7j6QcgzTtrCDx1SvTlxiFrzcdccGiFMnHuqjq6yEmVg-OJOJR4Ai6SDmcXxrwCp09zgeV1UhL1GjVunn48ticLAYGdSmfAaM/s400/Image+cwd.jpg" width="315" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Coy Durning in Saipan, age 20</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">He had dropped out of school after the seventh grade, and in
early 1943 had begun work as a baker’s helper at the Shipley Baking Company.
This occupational choice turned out to be a good one for a young man not eager
for combat. After he finished six weeks of basic training, he was assigned to
the 273<sup>rd</sup> Quartermaster Bakery Company, keeping him off the front
lines except for a few days during the battle for Saipan. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">On April 4, 1944, four days after his nineteenth birthday,
he boarded a ship in San Francisco crammed with soldiers heading to the Pacific
War Theater where the fight against the Japanese was heating up. He would remain
in the Pacific area for twenty-two months, returning home in late February 1946,
five months after VJ Day. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">He and the other 231 soldiers in the 273<sup>rd</sup> Bakery
Company spent the rest of April, May, and early June in Hawaii training for
their new secret mission. The company was attached to the Marine Corps, which
made an assault on Saipan on June 15<sup>th</sup>. The bakery company waded
ashore, under fire, ten days later. No company member was killed in the
landing, but one, Joseph Tischinski, was hit by shrapnel on June 27<sup>th</sup>
and died three days later. The fierce and deadly fighting lasted until July 9th.
The battle annihilated a fanatical force of about 29,000 Japanese soldiers, with
nearly 24,000 killed in battle and 5,000 who killed themselves when loss of the
island became certain. U.S. forces numbered about 70,000 men, and it suffered
13,790 casualties, including 3,426 killed or missing. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdiRBng5LBfUil5CaQF05La5waaFG1wyAX9ngdwIym5Ch_rixtMg4jQYKh6eoDM1GRnKWpatS-x3jG7vjDyC34UJSv20Qh9OD5UTJMsjaGLumD_BZrOYHwgfq-hCVeG9naoaGD4gL_X2w/s1600/Image+%252854%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1161" data-original-width="1599" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdiRBng5LBfUil5CaQF05La5waaFG1wyAX9ngdwIym5Ch_rixtMg4jQYKh6eoDM1GRnKWpatS-x3jG7vjDyC34UJSv20Qh9OD5UTJMsjaGLumD_BZrOYHwgfq-hCVeG9naoaGD4gL_X2w/s400/Image+%252854%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bud Bronson, Coy Durning, and Charlie Baber on guard in Saipan</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The company began baking before the combat ended, and when
it was over, its men worked three shifts, 24 hours a day to provide the marines, soldiers,
seabees, and airmen on the island their daily bread. The Island became a
staging area for the planes bombing Japan and supporting combat in nearby
islands. The population of military personnel during the rest of the war was
about 80,000 and they all needed to be fed. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Even after Saipan was under U.S. control, it was for
many months a dangerous place because a small Japanese-led guerilla force was
hiding in the island’s jungle and still conducting raids. Also, the Japanese
periodically sent planes to bomb and strafe the island. Although those dangers
were real,</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">they likely bothered the bakers less than the island’s heat
and mosquitoes. Their job required them to work long hours each day tending
their hot ovens in this tropical climate. It was sweaty and grueling work, but
the bakers didn’t complain much, knowing that the men they were feeding were
putting lives on the line with every flight and every new battle.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaJ54ssv1TLv5janNiuKsg-fFhA6JgnCh_KtCVczviLTwkG27ygekYFMsKtB9gu8vAQ6YF8oAMfwIIuti9pkcg9IFE7XkNpxFdRfqajLL8sTrjyITacF1MpDRsYwa-T4f8zaAL9I4ph-Y/s1600/sigar+factory.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1003" data-original-width="1600" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaJ54ssv1TLv5janNiuKsg-fFhA6JgnCh_KtCVczviLTwkG27ygekYFMsKtB9gu8vAQ6YF8oAMfwIIuti9pkcg9IFE7XkNpxFdRfqajLL8sTrjyITacF1MpDRsYwa-T4f8zaAL9I4ph-Y/s400/sigar+factory.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Destroyed Sugar Plant on Saipan, details written on the<br />
back of the photo were censored</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The men of the 273<sup>rd</sup> lived in big tents, which on
the steamy island were not much cooler than the tents where the bread, rolls,
and pies were baked, and they each worked closely with a few other members of a
platoon that operated its own ovens. As natural when people live and work closely
together, sharing fear, hardships, and boredom, many became buddies, and my dad
had several on Saipan. The pictures he sent back home show a few of them: Bud
Bronson, Charlie Baber, Homer King, Tom Zolbe, Bill Scheppa, Thomas Taylor, Jay
Brian, Pete Demeter, Joe Bennis, Don Larsen, and Marvin Williams. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMQN3GbkL9vIPaL311YGaYknZzywu5Rajkt-1RZKAExGQYxsgBbieUp4yyQkRltnMv5PodkLmAsGDr4CdklzSYhf-z7zSGZcKaF1H4Imt4aC6XKEY51QNn-N1E_PyzaZOXZB4ascAEm0A/s1600/bronson+tree.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1034" data-original-width="1329" height="310" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMQN3GbkL9vIPaL311YGaYknZzywu5Rajkt-1RZKAExGQYxsgBbieUp4yyQkRltnMv5PodkLmAsGDr4CdklzSYhf-z7zSGZcKaF1H4Imt4aC6XKEY51QNn-N1E_PyzaZOXZB4ascAEm0A/s400/bronson+tree.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Earl (Bud) Bronson</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Based on pictures taken in the first part of 1945 that he
mailed back home, it appears that my dad’s best buddies were Bud Bronson, Charlie
Baber, and Homer King. Bronson was a handsome young man with implausibly puffed
up hair who had the healthy look of a California surfer. He was with my dad
when he met Apostali. In contrast to blondish robust Bronson, Baber was thin, with
a droopy look, like he had just emerged from hours in a coal mine. In one
picture he is an unkempt sad sack type of soldier, but another shows him
smiling, sharing a bunch of bananas with his friends. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2nHhfhxXjrzhtwzvJamiUqv0D12jHLAH9BNp7KWDs0vQeWV2TgqTrAdaTj0sTwPD-JcAFiMn_aVm1gXVFeL2IlzTw2QpYrcaAvNYRdc4keHVbHgy_mE5IVGpUOvkOzfdUIDP10alR1fg/s1600/Image+%252852%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1275" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2nHhfhxXjrzhtwzvJamiUqv0D12jHLAH9BNp7KWDs0vQeWV2TgqTrAdaTj0sTwPD-JcAFiMn_aVm1gXVFeL2IlzTw2QpYrcaAvNYRdc4keHVbHgy_mE5IVGpUOvkOzfdUIDP10alR1fg/s400/Image+%252852%2529.jpg" width="318" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Charlie Baber</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfFPMpDTdsncfaA_H-FtAL76kWFh9cTF7J0h45LnWzxAktyrqFhbgXKhwxQBP3O96Dx3CI3I87xL61-4I9Qc-1VN0ZpIhAPjJNGZGVmK6SFAqb0QwhB3tfLA8WsnGI_l0GO2t6qt5KPjQ/s1600/beber+williams+1101x1438.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1438" data-original-width="1101" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfFPMpDTdsncfaA_H-FtAL76kWFh9cTF7J0h45LnWzxAktyrqFhbgXKhwxQBP3O96Dx3CI3I87xL61-4I9Qc-1VN0ZpIhAPjJNGZGVmK6SFAqb0QwhB3tfLA8WsnGI_l0GO2t6qt5KPjQ/s400/beber+williams+1101x1438.jpg" width="306" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Baber is holdig the bunch of bananas,, Coy Durning<br />
is behind the bananas and Marvin Willians is behind<br />
Baber's left shoulder</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Homer King was a stout Texan with a round face and thick hair. He came to visit my dad in 1954 when I was in the
second grade. I remember him well because when I was riding around in the car
with him and my dad, he insisted that I sip a beer.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqdxBSeLxzAqoG-RBsTOuXyaOQO31nUbWxOIUxL-jlP2JFae4ioMoE8TY6U_8SAHL50PGkC3P808oIhkNK9ahPZefA36TcXzMMdn6AuEJU47veAPugoaQE7CNpZfqhzBYqc8PzSwUkFC0/s1600/taylor+king+cropped+1492x2120.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="989" data-original-width="1212" height="326" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqdxBSeLxzAqoG-RBsTOuXyaOQO31nUbWxOIUxL-jlP2JFae4ioMoE8TY6U_8SAHL50PGkC3P808oIhkNK9ahPZefA36TcXzMMdn6AuEJU47veAPugoaQE7CNpZfqhzBYqc8PzSwUkFC0/s400/taylor+king+cropped+1492x2120.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Coy Durning and Homer King, Tom Taylor is in the background</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">My dad’s pictures with Apostoli were taken sometime from late
March to the middle of June, 1945. Apostoli had come to Saipan (and other
places in the Mariana Islands) with a troupe of athletes, mainly famous baseball
players, to entertain the soldiers there. He had fought some exhibition matches
in March, then when the other athletes left, he stayed to help with the
military boxing programs in the islands. (My dad was not impressed with the exhibition
match. He recalled, “They just danced around and leaned against each other for
three rounds.”)</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhD-tdtMDSApDDb2l9rMBStFGHzEtLAYB3EVpnTuDAtjlgk1oIBCcBF1FsvbZSvB9VkhROJaAiU8r1pWXoQZopVOeK5R4_rTRj5xLBF1zkROklBJXDELgHax7NM5I2lWCRRb1aB5f7Il9A/s1600/The_Journal_Herald_Mon__Feb_5__1945_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="473" data-original-width="1600" height="189" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhD-tdtMDSApDDb2l9rMBStFGHzEtLAYB3EVpnTuDAtjlgk1oIBCcBF1FsvbZSvB9VkhROJaAiU8r1pWXoQZopVOeK5R4_rTRj5xLBF1zkROklBJXDELgHax7NM5I2lWCRRb1aB5f7Il9A/s640/The_Journal_Herald_Mon__Feb_5__1945_.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Clipping in the Journal-Herald announcing exhibition tour in the Pacific, February 5, 1945</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Apostoli was not only famous at the time, but popular. He
was famous for several epic fights held in Madison Square Garden in which he
fought for the middle weight boxing championship in 1937, won it in 1938, and
lost it in 1939. His fights were, typically, extended brawls because Alfredo Apostoli
was a gritty, hard training, never-back-down fighter, a descendant of Italian
immigrants who had had a rough childhood in San Francisco, several years of
which were spent in a Catholic orphanage. He had learned to box at a San
Francisco YMCA and the city’s Olympic Club, supporting himself as an elevator operator
in a posh hotel, earning him the nicknames “The Boxing Bellhop” and “The
fighting bellhop of San Francisco.” He had great success as an amateur boxing,
winning the Golden Gloves middleweight championship in 1933, then had turned
pro in 1934.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZjHl25awBDDQtrr8rAOzAEKfvaPxlwenT2s-44hVxTv73udP3VmNnO3-A-PvKuatJq8nB3mQzgo4VWaqqdQHNjdg2F3w92x7Vw4CxKHBhTAtsUJJXefKri3UxLQ_O0Y2xtHb340b8E8U/s1600/fred-apostoli-0b174806-705c-.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="412" data-original-width="387" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZjHl25awBDDQtrr8rAOzAEKfvaPxlwenT2s-44hVxTv73udP3VmNnO3-A-PvKuatJq8nB3mQzgo4VWaqqdQHNjdg2F3w92x7Vw4CxKHBhTAtsUJJXefKri3UxLQ_O0Y2xtHb340b8E8U/s320/fred-apostoli-0b174806-705c-.jpeg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Source: http://www.maxboxing.com/news/other-boxing-news/forgotten-champions-fred-apostoli</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Apostoli was popular with troops because he had volunteered
to leave a safe position in the Navy (promoting physical training) to go into
combat, and he had proven his bravery as a gunnery officer on a battleship in
1943. He had commanded a 40-mm gun on the USS Columbia, a light cruiser, earning
a bronze star for his actions during multiple engagements with the enemy. Beyond
his gunnery work, when his ship was in port, Apostoli was tireless in coaching
Navy boxers and entertaining troops by fighting in exhibition matches. Also, it
did not hurt his popularity that in late 1943, he married a comely professional
golfer from San Francisco who was having some success on the lady’s tour.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhH1TkQLq9dgwJ10MpMTFFnqQo42B4bPS_qLYtN6rrym9aHU9G7_Q9pmOa7hwQCfLdXLFmLBq_oOfbbLFmJxj5n1mqCnHLPXVGi5VK2KQUAZZVUzjf6sP1HAyKH-flejFM7Cq9lu-XvMuY/s1600/Reno_Gazette_Journal_Wed__Dec_29__1943_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="732" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhH1TkQLq9dgwJ10MpMTFFnqQo42B4bPS_qLYtN6rrym9aHU9G7_Q9pmOa7hwQCfLdXLFmLBq_oOfbbLFmJxj5n1mqCnHLPXVGi5VK2KQUAZZVUzjf6sP1HAyKH-flejFM7Cq9lu-XvMuY/s640/Reno_Gazette_Journal_Wed__Dec_29__1943_.jpg" width="292" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This Associated Press picture ran in<br />
many newspapers on Dec. 29, 1943</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">At the end of 1943, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ring</b>
magazine – the bible of the boxing world – named Apostoli the 1943 Boxer of the
Year for his contributions to the war effort. (Later, he was posthumously elected
to the World Boxing Hall of Fame and the International Boxing Hall of Fame.) By
the start of 1945, Apostoli had been assigned a post in Honolulu to train
boxers, organize boxing matches, and fight exhibition matches. From there he
made the March trip to the Marianas, and one Spring day the swarthy, broad-shouldered
man was driving in a jeep around Saipan to meet soldiers there, and he happened
upon Bronson and my dad. He shook their hands, told them a few stories and
listened to theirs, posed for pictures with them, and was on his way. He left
the navy in July, resuming civilian life in San Francisco.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">When my dad returned to Fayetteville in late February, 1946,
he went back to work at Shipley Baking company. Its plant was on Dickson
street, which was located across the street from the D-Lux, an eatery where he had
met fifteen-year-old waitress Bernice Couch in 1943, before he had been drafted
into the army. He had kept in touch with her during his time in the army,
sending her many pictures, including the ones showing him with Apostoli. She
had been impressed with them and particularly liked a photo showing him
shirtless with three buddies. She had passed It on to a sister or close friend
after writing on the back, “The one with his shirt off is him. Cute ain’t he.” The
written response: “Nice looking.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUPOOw9RgfiDOdfo8kaGtTYgQoQLR-j8GfHS-Tke8SCiQc8ZGkMWgv6HT4tOwti9VV6-AGipdBkr1o9Uzk1eN3thgMQaf4opb52keTQETse-XFHpgRsBjJFpYdrOFtV7aD94Li4SUxCi0/s1600/cute+aint+he.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="975" data-original-width="1295" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUPOOw9RgfiDOdfo8kaGtTYgQoQLR-j8GfHS-Tke8SCiQc8ZGkMWgv6HT4tOwti9VV6-AGipdBkr1o9Uzk1eN3thgMQaf4opb52keTQETse-XFHpgRsBjJFpYdrOFtV7aD94Li4SUxCi0/s400/cute+aint+he.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnA-Xece2jkRIycslEioIK8SW9s88IgVqIuso-qD-JE1leRBJUorlxCU1c63s-zrqcex31K_Etbae8mrhHWblHotFjx5mBptrTZN8j9sixUdZ7-gSBoMVmrIz7AKjUL65rUhOPbfEno_w/s1600/Image+%252841%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1286" data-original-width="1600" height="321" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnA-Xece2jkRIycslEioIK8SW9s88IgVqIuso-qD-JE1leRBJUorlxCU1c63s-zrqcex31K_Etbae8mrhHWblHotFjx5mBptrTZN8j9sixUdZ7-gSBoMVmrIz7AKjUL65rUhOPbfEno_w/s400/Image+%252841%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Note written on back of the photograph above</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Eighteen-year-old Bernice married the “cute” twenty-two-year-old
former soldier in August, 1946, even though she did not care much for his passion
for the sport of boxing. During that month, Apostoli won his first professional
fight since 1942, beating Pedro Jimenez by a TKO. In the last five months of </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">1946, Apostoli fought seven boxing matches,
all in California, and won them. In 1947, he had seven more professional fights,
winning six. His last professional boxing match was on December 1, 1948. After winning
that fight, he retired from boxing at the age of 35 with a record of 61 wins
(31 by knockout), 10 losses (4 by knockout) and 1 draw. After quiting boxing, he
tried a few ventures in San Francisco, including a restaurant, then joined an
ad agency as a sales manager. He was 60 years old when he died suddenly in November,
1973.</span></div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc-SOOVNgiF-K6FA13Ce6s6E5R9pXirswV2LS4vWs-twCyfDPSdx79IxLDGCAkH-r_UDmN0AyYDuZxNOvM96K10DuaTKhIUrdcvwHkbKTb5yZybnw9PO3bKlNuxbfMdQDiYC1WZ-xpqz4/s1600/mother1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="921" data-original-width="737" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc-SOOVNgiF-K6FA13Ce6s6E5R9pXirswV2LS4vWs-twCyfDPSdx79IxLDGCAkH-r_UDmN0AyYDuZxNOvM96K10DuaTKhIUrdcvwHkbKTb5yZybnw9PO3bKlNuxbfMdQDiYC1WZ-xpqz4/s400/mother1.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bernice Couch, 1946</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">My dad followed Apostoli’s revived boxing career, listening
to his matches when they were broadcast. He was disappointed by Apostoli’s
retirement even though he knew he was washed up by that time. He remained a fan
of boxing throughout his life. He would take me on Friday nights, before I entered
elementary school, to stand in front of a building on East Center Street, a
half block from the Washington County Court House, to watch a television in the
window of the electric company that was tuned to the weekly fights. We and a
few other fight fans would stand there in the dark to watch the televised action.
Later, when we had our own television set, boxing was “can’t miss” fare. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He especially enjoyed watching middleweight
boxing matches though he said he never saw a middle weight fighter who could
hold a candle to Alfredo Apostoli. </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br />
********************************<br />
<br />
More pictures from Saipan<br />
<br />
Photos with Apostoli and Bronson<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikjTnl0M7MgtpqZzrMiEpF6263acna_7WxotD0myUnGEuuyG4BkJDO9nVOf98PckjZGuznkmOJwXnrK-iYKXPoVpkXKW61NSwlXMjXqRL1C8lWmVt6av75hAV74bnSrtrLhf4TYiDEjyY/s1600/Image+%252823%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1010" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikjTnl0M7MgtpqZzrMiEpF6263acna_7WxotD0myUnGEuuyG4BkJDO9nVOf98PckjZGuznkmOJwXnrK-iYKXPoVpkXKW61NSwlXMjXqRL1C8lWmVt6av75hAV74bnSrtrLhf4TYiDEjyY/s400/Image+%252823%2529.jpg" width="251" /></a></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvY-bazSa6E7yofW3y8bmpFsk19TMwEQjMEyOG9JKfDDB-hSI_bP3bq3194WnNh7nC5-5JpOIqLRlOh_NeWbmjBa-qs5mSqlN7O1Lcbj_26cJnmqU0GXBXRw1ztqeqDVN6o_OeL3LRbTo/s1600/Image+%252824%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="965" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvY-bazSa6E7yofW3y8bmpFsk19TMwEQjMEyOG9JKfDDB-hSI_bP3bq3194WnNh7nC5-5JpOIqLRlOh_NeWbmjBa-qs5mSqlN7O1Lcbj_26cJnmqU0GXBXRw1ztqeqDVN6o_OeL3LRbTo/s400/Image+%252824%2529.jpg" width="241" /></a></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaTIADC9Q5WZ85ZEY1-fWwqvQGIhSFvYIn8g7GklRzVEdJSwdh5H2Kz8g3rfo8-8n50vniTFEbsATbR93JxMpyatYJT9eCtoogqE4miiU-qg_MBwO7aJw6_hSQ8caSlQW6eOAywysndXg/s1600/Image+%252825%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1090" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaTIADC9Q5WZ85ZEY1-fWwqvQGIhSFvYIn8g7GklRzVEdJSwdh5H2Kz8g3rfo8-8n50vniTFEbsATbR93JxMpyatYJT9eCtoogqE4miiU-qg_MBwO7aJw6_hSQ8caSlQW6eOAywysndXg/s400/Image+%252825%2529.jpg" width="271" /></a></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt6T-PlwsDe7htSbiooGSOm94lhSa5PxTK0a56M71QkqNCxgYaQXXwAdSxWqr4p7vaaYENu4u96pjLeFVeL3zfTtpcYBJGax93WS5h5QqkrjTnfMIlJ5SBF3nmVWrVRv9ALf2Eufv9Hb4/s1600/Image+%252826%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1274" data-original-width="1136" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt6T-PlwsDe7htSbiooGSOm94lhSa5PxTK0a56M71QkqNCxgYaQXXwAdSxWqr4p7vaaYENu4u96pjLeFVeL3zfTtpcYBJGax93WS5h5QqkrjTnfMIlJ5SBF3nmVWrVRv9ALf2Eufv9Hb4/s400/Image+%252826%2529.jpg" width="356" /></a></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxGrhM-1lzBPQdUUzjBMVElCtQwM_kQYMp2I8NlwuWuHaUeaGkiM1tH4h621M2A6NeE819NIHmLqkpzUOBrHosL9FTCEDb-yj2xBUn0Kp31TO4l6wxdZJ6ZMxflGfT-lVSynYWttMUXQ0/s1600/Image+%252827%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1561" data-original-width="1173" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxGrhM-1lzBPQdUUzjBMVElCtQwM_kQYMp2I8NlwuWuHaUeaGkiM1tH4h621M2A6NeE819NIHmLqkpzUOBrHosL9FTCEDb-yj2xBUn0Kp31TO4l6wxdZJ6ZMxflGfT-lVSynYWttMUXQ0/s400/Image+%252827%2529.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
Other Photos with Bronson, Baber, and King<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidWiOQt0s81xO8N7mwV-LDO5SxISSKeTlY-jm2rrlQ1GyHs0GDOEzhC23xbiWiRYMHUsLJAKQ87wt56YYhDpT2q-I-tDccggmxMytlyapA1PkJnEjRDLcM2zcrpOrgL7iBwQSoXw4Bc2w/s1600/bronson+guard.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1054" data-original-width="1600" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidWiOQt0s81xO8N7mwV-LDO5SxISSKeTlY-jm2rrlQ1GyHs0GDOEzhC23xbiWiRYMHUsLJAKQ87wt56YYhDpT2q-I-tDccggmxMytlyapA1PkJnEjRDLcM2zcrpOrgL7iBwQSoXw4Bc2w/s400/bronson+guard.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bronson with rifle in foxhole</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixAx-6xh7ZeelEiJi55WFuFQZl0UZLgV-zdInxMpMmWbo7_JRC4L13PrQOykEYeF6mBSBSEG8ZxeuUCjalLTYg6KYEY9UhUU23IUeaX-3I5zDCvzUCAxOMYk38HHX4Kb3JDIbBDL1HrE4/s1600/baber+shappa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1130" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixAx-6xh7ZeelEiJi55WFuFQZl0UZLgV-zdInxMpMmWbo7_JRC4L13PrQOykEYeF6mBSBSEG8ZxeuUCjalLTYg6KYEY9UhUU23IUeaX-3I5zDCvzUCAxOMYk38HHX4Kb3JDIbBDL1HrE4/s400/baber+shappa.jpg" width="281" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Baber with rifle</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjS6Wf_NIN8Nl7dRZvw9bqgH3iBJ63UoMhx5p5SXGyckyXYslz5460Z4kAaRaGEnhUtIBjGniaYxOfNkNe7fV5TS033qOZSeVPSON7sJVq-vXOzP98PqFJQ7bPo3Wm4WAjBE6ihuNHSh9c/s1600/babrt+bronson+larson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1206" data-original-width="1600" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjS6Wf_NIN8Nl7dRZvw9bqgH3iBJ63UoMhx5p5SXGyckyXYslz5460Z4kAaRaGEnhUtIBjGniaYxOfNkNe7fV5TS033qOZSeVPSON7sJVq-vXOzP98PqFJQ7bPo3Wm4WAjBE6ihuNHSh9c/s400/babrt+bronson+larson.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Baber, Bronson, Unidentified, Durning, Don Larson </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpI9iEQkE84mK0K8laNdyADwXSZfAjVIIVAhOqkWiUvpHL_kyJh7NOjBBUdbCnnzCXn1Cx3ZZRXHG2h3_KP97FoDkUqoT2WdxqMp8gxbG7QycXXKW-TW3a5qW3xbHv0-uT-7R2_FP4a5k/s1600/demiter+baber+schaooa+march+45+1529x2451.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="999" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpI9iEQkE84mK0K8laNdyADwXSZfAjVIIVAhOqkWiUvpHL_kyJh7NOjBBUdbCnnzCXn1Cx3ZZRXHG2h3_KP97FoDkUqoT2WdxqMp8gxbG7QycXXKW-TW3a5qW3xbHv0-uT-7R2_FP4a5k/s400/demiter+baber+schaooa+march+45+1529x2451.jpg" width="248" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pete Demiter, Baber, Durning, Bill Schappa<br />
"Taken on March 25, 1945"</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_BGWpBxvWQECpcUny1TAVkJXTU-rj1g1hUl4DBPnfzkmbM5RRCz1LtWnHFWp5CrrhiCzpuFlogXA46dBgopf-qoSasjlTVWzyRLfar6eX6_6Ms0gfa1s4uItAvaapCy3md1wy3jal8bw/s1600/Image+%252844%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="915" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_BGWpBxvWQECpcUny1TAVkJXTU-rj1g1hUl4DBPnfzkmbM5RRCz1LtWnHFWp5CrrhiCzpuFlogXA46dBgopf-qoSasjlTVWzyRLfar6eX6_6Ms0gfa1s4uItAvaapCy3md1wy3jal8bw/s400/Image+%252844%2529.jpg" width="228" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bronson</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC2OK9WDPecSUZ-JrIEmWbZ9q0ACnpZiJZsojJEnXs8iL2ZQZ5sINIk2doavboME1WZtXo6mSFUA_DYUW0Evcnv0Qj_Q-6HRxRmnm5oUHnLPUFsYbNnT31Oi1CIuVZ42sVsnoO7Umsm4Y/s1600/king+bronson+me.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1281" data-original-width="1600" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC2OK9WDPecSUZ-JrIEmWbZ9q0ACnpZiJZsojJEnXs8iL2ZQZ5sINIk2doavboME1WZtXo6mSFUA_DYUW0Evcnv0Qj_Q-6HRxRmnm5oUHnLPUFsYbNnT31Oi1CIuVZ42sVsnoO7Umsm4Y/s400/king+bronson+me.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">King, Bronson and Durning at the Tropicana Theater were soldiers<br />
were entertained</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Other Buddies<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjW6ZJ8PqolersV-M1a3g2NQ_7uq_C_vcpslEJB-Wj77AHk_xQdnPcR09sTyxfXpdCmTdCU3V8q5Db0Gremr7V0nNdbR8sLCjavirfF4sHW-Ea-7rgb3nLyw2536vDnkNtsV949hbvFjko/s1600/williams+chapman.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1363" data-original-width="1070" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjW6ZJ8PqolersV-M1a3g2NQ_7uq_C_vcpslEJB-Wj77AHk_xQdnPcR09sTyxfXpdCmTdCU3V8q5Db0Gremr7V0nNdbR8sLCjavirfF4sHW-Ea-7rgb3nLyw2536vDnkNtsV949hbvFjko/s400/williams+chapman.jpg" width="313" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Durning, Marvin Williams and Alvin Chapman</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvwigEZ5sc1taFUJRaGtRsuMO78uSUdVBTTXMTpPce0rHYUkQHXXjS3w0d5PX1QLaL7O2b8N8ik_eB0HGaaoOJthbEW22wasmNTE5SRGBn2tA_PwSnPohMbyMtSq5AituSbaE8TAvbxvs/s1600/williams+maybe.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1199" data-original-width="1515" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvwigEZ5sc1taFUJRaGtRsuMO78uSUdVBTTXMTpPce0rHYUkQHXXjS3w0d5PX1QLaL7O2b8N8ik_eB0HGaaoOJthbEW22wasmNTE5SRGBn2tA_PwSnPohMbyMtSq5AituSbaE8TAvbxvs/s320/williams+maybe.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Durning and Unidentified</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaL8ltGOkotYKag2Dv-Gjjrhbxo7WTnBxDy9dMhaAPoMi_hiccPXG30zgfxIq0G9tgsqzIbUa75VIR5A-mXeB-4XohUYInSga7QSV33VAyj2V46yagjl9NDFCIzAXPrYZSXJ-P5HIBLF0/s1600/zolbe+bronson.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1092" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaL8ltGOkotYKag2Dv-Gjjrhbxo7WTnBxDy9dMhaAPoMi_hiccPXG30zgfxIq0G9tgsqzIbUa75VIR5A-mXeB-4XohUYInSga7QSV33VAyj2V46yagjl9NDFCIzAXPrYZSXJ-P5HIBLF0/s400/zolbe+bronson.jpg" width="272" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tom Zolbe and Bronson</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDI_t36iMNRzDuwcg9gwq007xKM-GdILEY5tmbr46YfL80MJiwdvGn9lf9itQUBNv1VOkhG9QABP4Sa75dW5D3dGBsICkDC06QNQoOsH3m5-XStxYeJyg4I2N2gcZwDDGWgwPUio67wH8/s1600/saipan+bay.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="999" data-original-width="1600" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDI_t36iMNRzDuwcg9gwq007xKM-GdILEY5tmbr46YfL80MJiwdvGn9lf9itQUBNv1VOkhG9QABP4Sa75dW5D3dGBsICkDC06QNQoOsH3m5-XStxYeJyg4I2N2gcZwDDGWgwPUio67wH8/s400/saipan+bay.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Unidentified and Durning</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgP_NBWrdoaXJ731V87cI9pTrj_wW2qSFO9sL2Mtio9Avs-jzTKwHPHOUj2IJ-ry4mxSl1Bm3kj3xDwZJ2eKpGl5ceeQK99x-pjxH7Uk0OvooT8wGsQlt9-AWN04MlwOm4LRU6NmOAI-as/s1600/bronson+eldridge+1417x1108.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1108" data-original-width="1417" height="312" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgP_NBWrdoaXJ731V87cI9pTrj_wW2qSFO9sL2Mtio9Avs-jzTKwHPHOUj2IJ-ry4mxSl1Bm3kj3xDwZJ2eKpGl5ceeQK99x-pjxH7Uk0OvooT8wGsQlt9-AWN04MlwOm4LRU6NmOAI-as/s400/bronson+eldridge+1417x1108.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Unidentified, Eldridge, and Durning</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw17ql7VsA7ZEIfu0zALYNUG4sMe_J33b_kv9N0H5hgrfe1XoC54lK5YCqV7Fw8WkmyM_ax_eaqSOA1AP9gh68psZFU0xosXl42NFThH4qNquiRlOQzkwvdaU24hyuKE_hG23M3kC7CP8/s1600/arroyo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1385" data-original-width="1600" height="277" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw17ql7VsA7ZEIfu0zALYNUG4sMe_J33b_kv9N0H5hgrfe1XoC54lK5YCqV7Fw8WkmyM_ax_eaqSOA1AP9gh68psZFU0xosXl42NFThH4qNquiRlOQzkwvdaU24hyuKE_hG23M3kC7CP8/s320/arroyo.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Arroyo and Durning</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2j7txNSu4AJKB9bTRNWzTWJb0IgtlN4VqcZmIAolf8O7p4GhQDL1Z0U_vKcWyscsas8bzW1A6YOCk8TM_2-kUoiB7gVfPewPt-rwzbvIJrErea5-nq8FHHk0DUjuDNVzIYcMl83yX-kc/s1600/crouch.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1022" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2j7txNSu4AJKB9bTRNWzTWJb0IgtlN4VqcZmIAolf8O7p4GhQDL1Z0U_vKcWyscsas8bzW1A6YOCk8TM_2-kUoiB7gVfPewPt-rwzbvIJrErea5-nq8FHHk0DUjuDNVzIYcMl83yX-kc/s400/crouch.jpg" width="255" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Jimmy Crouch and Durning<br />
<br /></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEy0OVgHMlnK8TFN8qloHiDpHrT1B2SghDVLCalejZwLsoUczAnTNH2AEx2Vmd1sQgrl0lxQ5XAgF_pQpRUIz3Nd3OCYNp7RvjCtZhM2eQnR2VN7Z3umtW9NKeBffbOaI4nmt13534pWs/s1600/taylor+Brian.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1107" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEy0OVgHMlnK8TFN8qloHiDpHrT1B2SghDVLCalejZwLsoUczAnTNH2AEx2Vmd1sQgrl0lxQ5XAgF_pQpRUIz3Nd3OCYNp7RvjCtZhM2eQnR2VN7Z3umtW9NKeBffbOaI4nmt13534pWs/s400/taylor+Brian.jpg" width="276" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Thomas Taylor and John Brian</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOkwt8viuOQyxdK8CGtTQ6I0EVuAP1YGdYAjOjzviHm5n0qyOATp7ehccP6n-wKb8gzpc2xbJEDpYIJPz3trfzc96qAPR7yQcv3Jam6TatniXiEIDmEFHUjeszIIde2ygQCT46LJlBZP4/s1600/cwd+unknown+768x955.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1155" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOkwt8viuOQyxdK8CGtTQ6I0EVuAP1YGdYAjOjzviHm5n0qyOATp7ehccP6n-wKb8gzpc2xbJEDpYIJPz3trfzc96qAPR7yQcv3Jam6TatniXiEIDmEFHUjeszIIde2ygQCT46LJlBZP4/s400/cwd+unknown+768x955.jpg" width="288" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Durning and Unknown</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh40nHU63MFmxgQvZxVH70i2kB1zMo20cLdIoWF0YbD44CTOiCQ706Fm__grhD5bAEwTR-P6BKN-0CeFzYixpRqlNxzVMKIU64BfrswM47qb1FBlq6p685jR6Vyrsz2r3qDE-5wr-1HSM/s1600/Image+%252866%2529b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1340" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh40nHU63MFmxgQvZxVH70i2kB1zMo20cLdIoWF0YbD44CTOiCQ706Fm__grhD5bAEwTR-P6BKN-0CeFzYixpRqlNxzVMKIU64BfrswM47qb1FBlq6p685jR6Vyrsz2r3qDE-5wr-1HSM/s400/Image+%252866%2529b.jpg" width="333" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Baber, Joe Bennis, and Durning in the back of his tent</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwUH6K2i0OwkdM3L-vnTQCK4iCd_jRs2D9NhzqpJmHarJDPlTEWr5hlGmAVixmM1rzl9mRg8FuROqqn3FTvrTNpvCPMFePhvd0LfrtZLTd9bfx0jGeM6xqQR2KW3TRT48XFzVIZkYqLq0/s1600/demiter+laduke.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1164" data-original-width="1458" height="318" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwUH6K2i0OwkdM3L-vnTQCK4iCd_jRs2D9NhzqpJmHarJDPlTEWr5hlGmAVixmM1rzl9mRg8FuROqqn3FTvrTNpvCPMFePhvd0LfrtZLTd9bfx0jGeM6xqQR2KW3TRT48XFzVIZkYqLq0/s400/demiter+laduke.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Durning, Baber, King, Pete Demiter, and Laduke</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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Note: Some of the description is based on an interview of Carl Vusich, a fellow soldier in the 273rd Baker Company, See the interview at this link: h<a href="ttp://www.memory.loc.gov/diglib/vhp/story/loc.natlib.afc2001001.10130/">ttp://www.memory.loc.gov/diglib/vhp/story/loc.natlib.afc2001001.10130/</a><br />
<br />
Also for a general description of the operation of Bakery Companies in the Pacific War Theater, see this link: <a href="http://tothosewhoserved.org/usa/ts/usatsq03/chapter09.html">http://tothosewhoserved.org/usa/ts/usatsq03/chapter09.html</a><br />
<br />Dan Durninghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10639064524903151404noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-537999101514441161.post-54381722962930492552018-06-25T08:09:00.000-07:002018-06-25T08:27:27.280-07:00The Little League Star Who Left Fayetteville<br />
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Every so often the topic of playing Little
League baseball during the good old days (the last half of the ‘50’s) pops up
on Facebook, stimulated by the post of a team picture or the mention of a name.
It is of interest, of course, only to folks who were on one of the Fayetteville
teams in those years or who know someone who was.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In talking about the good old Little League days, the conversation usually turns to recollections
of some of the memorable boys we played against. There was Justin Daniel, the
man among children, who hit home runs not only over the fence, but also over
the road behind the fence, endangering the windows of a distance apartment
building. His fastball, thrown from a mound only 46 feet from the plate, lived in the nightmares of more than a few of us who had to bat against him
and feared for our lives. Then there was Lloyd Wolf, a short, freckled, thick
left-hand hitter famous for regularly hitting balls into the City Park swimming
pool behind the right-field fence. Like him, Charlie Jordan, a raw country southpaw with
a mighty swing, also deposited quite a few balls into the water. (These boys
must have made the adults who ran the league cringe; two new baseballs were
allotted to each game, and they were no good when soaked.) <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Among the pantheon of remarkable players from
1956 to 1959 was a boy named Richard Quackenbush, who impressed with both his
strong arm and his hitting power. When his name arises and his athletic ability
is discussed, there inevitably follows a statement like, “I wondered what
happened with him.” We don’t know because he moved away from Fayetteville with
him family before the 1959 season, when he would have been twelve years old (at
the time, Little League players were between the ages or 8 and 12.) When he left, most of us lost touch with him, given our youth and the comparatively primitive avenues of communications at the time. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDQ-XyEZ0NWKapn-uwIoAPynYlpuV-yEmsO2xgcmr8Ow7CgoH3B4ukPyMt7cB2pHnKIYIE8593nHXjF-ehDN6Wsva7ZWIUanc2jjXAOaz0UxljQB9kBqkOu6g4mBuf-IuC5AqFguO1GCI/s1600/OSUphoto.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1385" data-original-width="1600" height="345" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDQ-XyEZ0NWKapn-uwIoAPynYlpuV-yEmsO2xgcmr8Ow7CgoH3B4ukPyMt7cB2pHnKIYIE8593nHXjF-ehDN6Wsva7ZWIUanc2jjXAOaz0UxljQB9kBqkOu6g4mBuf-IuC5AqFguO1GCI/s400/OSUphoto.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Picture in the 1967 Oregon State University Yearbook</td></tr>
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</span></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Curious about where Richard and his family
moved and what he did after he got there, I decided to try to see what
information I could track down about him. The two pieces of information that I had were
his age (born, likely, in 1947) and the someone’s memory that the Quackenbushes
had moved to the Pacific Northwest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">With a little research on Ancestry.com and
Newspapers.com, I located Richard (born August 12, 1947) in Salem, Oregon.
Fortunately, the Salem newspaper, the <b>Capital Journa</b>l, is available on
Newspapers.com; most of the information about him comes from that newspaper.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Richard and his family moved from Fayetteville to Salem because his father, a career army officer, was from there and wanted to live there after his retirement. Lt. Col. Roger W. Quackenbush served in the army for 27 years, beginning during World War II, and earned two silver stars and two bronze stars for valor. <br /><br />Richard played for the North Salem High School Vikings basketball, football, and baseball teams. His name was regularly in the paper for exploits in those sports, especially baseball. For the football team, he played end, and in a 1964 action shot published in the local paper, he shows up as number 80. In another newspaper picture published in 1984, he is playing on the Viking’s basketball team.</span><br />
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<span style="background: white; color: #1d2129; font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoB4HMSXLleghv78u1f5F95rwZxRl1zO3mKD-lgWR-Y3bPw8-imlZE4rjbxsCfSL31299Lj1OnLzASaSol7YmeMmRKXKgqOCsBJivOLzya2zA7RYc-u1ryz0ozYJaGC63eW6zRyRKLcts/s1600/footballphoto.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1340" data-original-width="1558" height="548" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoB4HMSXLleghv78u1f5F95rwZxRl1zO3mKD-lgWR-Y3bPw8-imlZE4rjbxsCfSL31299Lj1OnLzASaSol7YmeMmRKXKgqOCsBJivOLzya2zA7RYc-u1ryz0ozYJaGC63eW6zRyRKLcts/s640/footballphoto.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Picture caption: North Salem's senior fullback Dave Young (30) crashes over from the one yard line for the final Viking touchdown in the closing minutes of Friday night's North Salem - Grants Pass game at Bennett Field. North's Rich Quackenbush (80) is in the background </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhx4xbduWGkNC-PSRLQQU0D4WbpGrBHMDLrIyFW6kgUsEN5QGf450YIV_pLUvjclWb8D8oeQX6w-0hzMjpyEJz7zKQQRNs29YH7R30F-AbWlw57ffVw6mrrBkXtxIx4_zdG1-osDrSFbA/s1600/footballphoto.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1261" data-original-width="1600" height="504" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhx4xbduWGkNC-PSRLQQU0D4WbpGrBHMDLrIyFW6kgUsEN5QGf450YIV_pLUvjclWb8D8oeQX6w-0hzMjpyEJz7zKQQRNs29YH7R30F-AbWlw57ffVw6mrrBkXtxIx4_zdG1-osDrSFbA/s640/footballphoto.png" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Picture caption: Study in finger exercises is executed by Dave Olson (46) of the South Salem Saxons and Bud Allen (33) of North Salem during last night;s District 8 A-1 finale at South Saxon. North's Rich Quackenbush pokes a paw over Olsen's ? as the combatants battle for a rebound. (I think Quackenbush is the middle person in the picture)</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">He, of course, excelled in high school baseball and in the summer baseball leagues. He played third base and occasionally
pitched. His heroics over the years are described in many </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">different</span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> newspaper articles. For
example, one article describes a grand slam home run he hit to win a high school
game. Another tells of a no hitter he pitched, his team winning 20 – 0. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">After graduating from high school in 1965,
Richard attended Oregon State University and played baseball on its team as a
third basemen The newspaper article in the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Corvallis
Gazette,</b> dated August 2, 1965, that announced he would play OSU baseball noted,
“Quackenbush has a cannon for an arm drawing ohs from the crowd every time he cuts
loose” (it is not stated if he received a baseball scholarship).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJuOmkbsQVCk5pXFj5RCCEJuc0g2rXbx5qJRyulbAqLqS9ksKj-P1Wsr59EkUfEJilOBAF0YPSSDlvcPzdFKh5BCxQWoOrmG9XZY3jZLd3Ct8MDvpvNE1QC_zO9CDwHLS0eRjx31LpLys/s1600/goingtoOSU.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1303" data-original-width="1600" height="520" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJuOmkbsQVCk5pXFj5RCCEJuc0g2rXbx5qJRyulbAqLqS9ksKj-P1Wsr59EkUfEJilOBAF0YPSSDlvcPzdFKh5BCxQWoOrmG9XZY3jZLd3Ct8MDvpvNE1QC_zO9CDwHLS0eRjx31LpLys/s640/goingtoOSU.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">At OSU, Richard majored in business and technology. Having taken ROTC, he was commissioned as a armory officer in December, 1969 after his graduation, then returned to OSU in 1973 to study for an advanced degree in criminology. In 1975, he was married at a wedding in Briarcliff Manor, New York. An article describing the wedding said the couple was settling in Ossining, N.Y. </span></div>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br />At some point after that, he returned to Salem and, it seems, taught special education there for many years. A 1996 picture shows him as a special education teacher in the Development Learning Center of Whiteacre Middle School in Keizer, Oregon, a small town just north of Salem. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7g3G1NaECFlfRnxZIJlPYCyX9S_bbJkUgGhblIVEUcg4cM92iLH7O-lTTIhdAzcfMDJC9kvnSl-4p3QxWjvvBVspWXBb8-11SYFtXsVAa-lu56CVR9oHTuMpfhQlHsyooTie-KbFqOEc/s1600/schoolphoto.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1315" data-original-width="1600" height="524" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7g3G1NaECFlfRnxZIJlPYCyX9S_bbJkUgGhblIVEUcg4cM92iLH7O-lTTIhdAzcfMDJC9kvnSl-4p3QxWjvvBVspWXBb8-11SYFtXsVAa-lu56CVR9oHTuMpfhQlHsyooTie-KbFqOEc/s640/schoolphoto.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br />In 2003, the local newspaper reported he had made a hole in one at a nearby golf course.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">This glimpse into the life of the former Fayetteville
Little Leaguer, though incomplete, is enough to make us regret that he and his family did not
stay around so that we could have played with him on different junior high and high school
teams. Also the information reassures us that Richard has had a good life after leaving the
city, full of accomplishments and successes. Of course to most of us in Fayetteville who knew him -- or knew of him -- Richard Quackenbush will always in our memories be a young boy in a Goff-McNair uniform throwing hard strikes and hitting long homers. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">For more on the Fayetteville Little League in the late 1950s, go to this link: </span><a href="http://www.eclecticatbest.com/2016/01/playing-in-little-leagues-mcilroy-bank.html">http://www.eclecticatbest.com/2016/01/playing-in-little-leagues-mcilroy-bank.html</a> </span></div>
<br />Dan Durninghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10639064524903151404noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-537999101514441161.post-86388528949976594722018-06-20T11:09:00.003-07:002018-06-21T10:57:51.502-07:00Viva Vigo's Public Art!<br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Public art is often like Muzak: it exists but you hardly
notice. It’s bland, easy to ignore, and forgettable. Personally, I prefer public art that demands attention
because it is startling, provocative, or even shocking. It also helps if such
art exhibits some beauty even if it is an enigmatic sort.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Gobsmacking public art in the United States is found mostly
in larger coastal and university cities where a good portion on the citizenry
is open minded and not offended by things that are “different.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Medium and smaller cities are less likely to
spend money on, or give their imprimatur to, unusual art that would challenge,
maybe even offend, local citizens who would decry spending THEIR TAX DOLLARS!
on any art that did not include a cross; depict Jesus, a saint, or a hero; or
contain an accurate representation of a pleasant aspect of reality. While, most
public art is bought with private funds, its location in public areas
nonetheless gives each citizen the right to complain. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFILmwvvMbx4r7jNGecxZoe-DxEofGhUCUsRSF5SOIsA9DJQQEJlmBOo7JmgfwoxhfTyFc872zNxrrFJTFAAjh1guMoNgSyKLdcMHVCaYtvTao_C774GAMcPf_u8m9qgzfmKgJOAb15l4/s1600/littlerock_lh482a_0.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="434" data-original-width="460" height="376" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFILmwvvMbx4r7jNGecxZoe-DxEofGhUCUsRSF5SOIsA9DJQQEJlmBOo7JmgfwoxhfTyFc872zNxrrFJTFAAjh1guMoNgSyKLdcMHVCaYtvTao_C774GAMcPf_u8m9qgzfmKgJOAb15l4/s400/littlerock_lh482a_0.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Henry Moore's statute in downtown Little Rock, 1978</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">When I was living in Little Rock in the 1970s, a controversy
arose over a sculpture bought by a quasi-public organization and placed in a very
public location. It was 1978, and the Metrocenter Development District was
trying to revitalize the downtown. It got authorization to create a pedestrian
zone and to place an important piece of art at its center, Main and Capitol
Streets. Following the advice of advising experts, it bought (with funds coming
from a property tax on businesses in the district) a large abstract sculpture
by the renown Henry Moore. It was titled, “Large Standing Figure: Knife Edge.”
The cost was $185,000. For more on the installation of the Henry Moore sculpture in Little Rock see these links: <o:p></o:p><a href="http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?search=1&entryID=2131">http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?search=1&entryID=2131</a> and <a href="https://littlerocklove.wordpress.com/2012/08/10/a-silent-sentinal/">https://littlerocklove.wordpress.com/2012/08/10/a-silent-sentinal/</a></span><br />
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A <span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">hullabaloo followed, with a flow of complaints about the sculpture; some people complained
that it did not look like anything. “What is it?” they would ask. Also some
folks complained about its cost, ridiculing the idiots who made the decision to
spend a vast amount of money on such trash, even though general taxpayers did
not pitch in a penny. Others suggested the art was, at best, a symbol of the
folly of over-educated liberals and, and worst, of the decline and fall of civilization. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">When the pedestrian zone was abolished in 1999, the sculpture was moved a couple of blocks to an empty patch in front of a bank. In April of
this year, the city of Little Rock acquired it in return for a piece of
downtown land. The city will move it to the renovated Arkansas Art Center. The
assessed value of the sculpture is about $5 million.</span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFZDs6F2HGjck406OPYOVYfY3hmyc1K9wDqspaoxpDgviQVwtkzgIjguY8u5k4bNkYFp9zamWqpkU0nOo7ez51IIucLW2aohcFMzPE_y03nNxFJ17U3nd4Lxd6xh3Be6ZipZNMSDU2xbE/s1600/IronHorse.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="376" data-original-width="600" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFZDs6F2HGjck406OPYOVYfY3hmyc1K9wDqspaoxpDgviQVwtkzgIjguY8u5k4bNkYFp9zamWqpkU0nOo7ez51IIucLW2aohcFMzPE_y03nNxFJ17U3nd4Lxd6xh3Be6ZipZNMSDU2xbE/s400/IronHorse.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"Iron Horse," in exile on a farm near Watkinsville, GA</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">I encountered another example of scorned public art when I
was living in Athens, Georgia. One day I was driving on a rural road south of
Watkinsville, which is a short drive from Athens, when a colleague in the car
yelled at me to look to the left. There in a corn field, about 150 yards from
the road, was a large stylized statue of a horse (named Iron Horse, or Pegasus
without Wings). My colleague then told me the story of how in 1954 the sculpture had been installed on the University of Georgia campus, but many students hated
it. After it had been vandalized a few times, the head of the art school had it
secretly loaded on a truck one night and taken it to the farm of a man who was
happy to host it on his land. The statue, owned by UGA, is still there, but now
the university also owns the land that it uses as an experimental farm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3BqHLSd9shGDwztcPpGm63o1nV9Lq4jaFIvYXlrqT1526ZxIYsrO6u7WYC47Fa9gf5CoPo7TCGoKBZMLHclj1002pOjDbv5dTGXs8xSflHcka8rAjlS7FdhqiNgUroc2VTsPxxA_k_XE/s1600/P1010148.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1331" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3BqHLSd9shGDwztcPpGm63o1nV9Lq4jaFIvYXlrqT1526ZxIYsrO6u7WYC47Fa9gf5CoPo7TCGoKBZMLHclj1002pOjDbv5dTGXs8xSflHcka8rAjlS7FdhqiNgUroc2VTsPxxA_k_XE/s400/P1010148.JPG" width="332" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A view of Vigo from the waterfront</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Fortunately, despite resistance to it, Gobsmacking public
art can be found diverse places throughout the world, including some medium and
smaller cities scattered throughout Europe. I was reminded of that when I
traveled to Vigo, a city of about 300,000 people located on the Atlantic coast
of Spain. I knew also nothing about the city before I arrived there in May, and
chose it mainly because it was a convenient stop after a long train trip through
the mountains from Burgos. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">I quickly started enjoying my visit to the city, in large
part due to views of its mountainous residential areas sliding down to the beautiful
waterfront, but also because of its public art. Much of the waterfront is a
working port with cranes and warehouses, but after walking down the hill from
my hotel, I saw the beginning of a long park and walked toward it. As I got
closer, I spotted something that caused me to blurt, “What the ….” It was a
sculpture of a swimmer taking laps in the concrete. It definitely came from the
School of Gobsmacking Art. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjgUEqUvw-awReE6Ath7364JOQ-t_tNWGFSu51U_PNDU57qRxahWhO63rR29sCwMLoaSFCAv9pGIGA8IvVyL0yqeI8zAi-JIbwRPZpG538x9msFaxHb-dH9Mr5iZ-honrgqegxpb2KqjI/s1600/MVIMG_20180501_114800.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1236" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjgUEqUvw-awReE6Ath7364JOQ-t_tNWGFSu51U_PNDU57qRxahWhO63rR29sCwMLoaSFCAv9pGIGA8IvVyL0yqeI8zAi-JIbwRPZpG538x9msFaxHb-dH9Mr5iZ-honrgqegxpb2KqjI/s320/MVIMG_20180501_114800.jpg" width="247" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">First glimpse of "The Swimmer'"</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg582pX8OXDjlDNOVN1r-6iUPOnNrvYbtwO5bRIgaaJVHubzXxSahL-z8UAIJBNK1NUJ1X8iinZlZWtX_yWYbMnDjee5C0NWav-5HzQP-9TdXD8lQjtjpHWwDNnVF_Zzp3RCcOfMnQo104/s1600/MVIMG_20180501_114845.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1235" data-original-width="1600" height="491" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg582pX8OXDjlDNOVN1r-6iUPOnNrvYbtwO5bRIgaaJVHubzXxSahL-z8UAIJBNK1NUJ1X8iinZlZWtX_yWYbMnDjee5C0NWav-5HzQP-9TdXD8lQjtjpHWwDNnVF_Zzp3RCcOfMnQo104/s640/MVIMG_20180501_114845.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"The Swimmer" by Franciso Leiro</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Walking down further the promenade along the waterfront, it
did not take me long to get to another strange site. It was a statue of a man,
Jules Verne, that seemed quite conventional until you noticed that he was
sitting on a huge squid. Unconventional and surprising, I was delighted to see
it. The statue subject is Jules Verne, whose book <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Twenty Thousand</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Leagues
Under the Sea</b>, was set in Vigo Bay. If you want to know about the squid,
view this link <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xhyuey4xU3Q">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xhyuey4xU3Q</a>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidQpMad79UTElF1sB3vsm4PloeM2Tzs83BLrEY2rKivmXJ4F13WDOSKK7tH8vTHSNTKRUcaUF12hjHXIPaWfG7drJEsnOJIjgqW4k9unx1pncaaAwZwr2YCjgXZ2cX10ZpMgY81IoBnDQ/s1600/verne.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidQpMad79UTElF1sB3vsm4PloeM2Tzs83BLrEY2rKivmXJ4F13WDOSKK7tH8vTHSNTKRUcaUF12hjHXIPaWfG7drJEsnOJIjgqW4k9unx1pncaaAwZwr2YCjgXZ2cX10ZpMgY81IoBnDQ/s400/verne.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Statue of Jules Verne stilling on a squid by Vigo Bay</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Walking a few more minutes on the promenade, I came to a
plaza in front of a waterfront shopping center that is adjacent to the city’s
port, where a gigantic cruise ship was moored. As passengers departed from the
ship and walked onto the plaza, they had a surprise in front of them: a large
sculpture of the head of a woman (or maybe its a man) whose face has smacked the ground. I thought its
name should be “faceplant,” but it turns out to be “Leap.” It was created by
Francisco Leiro, a Galician born in 1945. He is the artist who sculpted the
Swimmer that I saw earlier. The faceplant piece certainly attracted
the attention of the disembarking passengers. After first examining the sculpture myself, I found a nearby place to sit to watch the reactions of people when
they first walked by it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqX4gu0YT0swxgkogGukMMBU4l06jNaeKvOal5LVBQT2j4JmZhr3igrPK0sh-utzkLmMIPd4xUX3MJmV_GoZVZ5QnXbl8_Z9NZGReQgzYExKWE8YpislMXg7C4hlOlnAHNxWXe1HMUMx4/s1600/faceplant1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqX4gu0YT0swxgkogGukMMBU4l06jNaeKvOal5LVBQT2j4JmZhr3igrPK0sh-utzkLmMIPd4xUX3MJmV_GoZVZ5QnXbl8_Z9NZGReQgzYExKWE8YpislMXg7C4hlOlnAHNxWXe1HMUMx4/s400/faceplant1.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"The Leap" by Francisco Leiro</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPU7qSD3ogJisQAE7h1egmzkshYJn3Fd5Q5RHkc0qS7uZCn_oMIO77icq3-g8QeoNY2ItIBXOVpH7A1TDqNlVn7P-knlZSeW_xY01290G9j7FUn3VIa9woVRxlqIRX8OkpFhJyUFogES4/s1600/P1010154.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1600" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPU7qSD3ogJisQAE7h1egmzkshYJn3Fd5Q5RHkc0qS7uZCn_oMIO77icq3-g8QeoNY2ItIBXOVpH7A1TDqNlVn7P-knlZSeW_xY01290G9j7FUn3VIa9woVRxlqIRX8OkpFhJyUFogES4/s400/P1010154.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">View of "The Leap" from the back</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Going up the hill from the port area, through a nicely
maintained Old City that gives a taste of Vigo as it looked a century ago, I
came to the most bizarre of the city’s public art. It located in a
small square next to one of the city’s busiest streets. It is also the creation
of Leiro, his most audacious. This sculpture is mounted on high double columns.
Its name is “Merman.” The name explains the scales on the man’s chest, the conventional
face, and the strange body. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">For an interesting discussion of the statute, go to this link: </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://littlerocklove.wordpress.com/2012/08/10/a-silent-sentinal/">https://littlerocklove.wordpress.com/2012/08/10/a-silent-sentinal/</a> </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The "merman" sculpture is another piece of Vigo’s art that
will be hard to forget. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">It definitely would not be a hit in Little Rock or
Athens, Ga.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhC_gb1cWJFSVFmlMKm3ypdpPLB4bpbeMH7Cc4AGn7CKE1OYHIEm_eUikwaHHavk552RNULJzUeFb_3kqHQvLcAWkA9iBcs3LDLr6MI0uFXKvKRvx2yXA07Kj_8GT7wWVf2nUra6cSLdVc/s1600/merman2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhC_gb1cWJFSVFmlMKm3ypdpPLB4bpbeMH7Cc4AGn7CKE1OYHIEm_eUikwaHHavk552RNULJzUeFb_3kqHQvLcAWkA9iBcs3LDLr6MI0uFXKvKRvx2yXA07Kj_8GT7wWVf2nUra6cSLdVc/s640/merman2.jpg" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"Merman" by Francisco Leiro</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinDmP20yN0vvgIi3lElxCGH08RjIJZskoSWz5SishYc0XmjHllVEb_zxFgDPkG4C0wl-UyW3uosWn0OsKTVILFGGOzNfU79p-fgXnRzbKeQwpa5kfK6GDcWdbgbcPoSCN4XKR2SU2-_v4/s1600/merman3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinDmP20yN0vvgIi3lElxCGH08RjIJZskoSWz5SishYc0XmjHllVEb_zxFgDPkG4C0wl-UyW3uosWn0OsKTVILFGGOzNfU79p-fgXnRzbKeQwpa5kfK6GDcWdbgbcPoSCN4XKR2SU2-_v4/s400/merman3.jpg" width="300" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivZSYcKP7U0z8xCHUCm2JoTg_n2p5_9oCZwAkhFA3RoiQyBLp2RshRz8FkGNGoQepRo9YjMiBW4063BqRcltsdTBGZWevZoNNutSYBlhxfHHJaIyj0G5NdnwUJBcGMgcC1aUxZEcO8ztA/s1600/Merman.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivZSYcKP7U0z8xCHUCm2JoTg_n2p5_9oCZwAkhFA3RoiQyBLp2RshRz8FkGNGoQepRo9YjMiBW4063BqRcltsdTBGZWevZoNNutSYBlhxfHHJaIyj0G5NdnwUJBcGMgcC1aUxZEcO8ztA/s400/Merman.jpg" width="300" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">I have to say that Vigo’s public art certainly enlivened my strolls
around the city. While I was most attracted to the Gobsmacking public art, I
also enjoyed some of the more conventional art, such as a pair of statues near
the shoreline facing each other. One depicted a fisherman returning from the
sea carrying some fish, the other his family awaiting his return. These sculptures are
touching in a familiar way.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitq0gPCrRar343Yx62WG6VcpCAWUzj9k2wLQAuwGabqY78kXmTKeK1xeCeoN2E1E4eVTeMUdot-oksPjURj5mKVTYql59nNlCFoZWznGNIHtTQGRDJmLH6t9L6lCsfq908nqGrSw0WEAs/s1600/MVIMG_20180501_121000.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1235" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitq0gPCrRar343Yx62WG6VcpCAWUzj9k2wLQAuwGabqY78kXmTKeK1xeCeoN2E1E4eVTeMUdot-oksPjURj5mKVTYql59nNlCFoZWznGNIHtTQGRDJmLH6t9L6lCsfq908nqGrSw0WEAs/s400/MVIMG_20180501_121000.jpg" width="307" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fisherman</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsXnQLyPUsqqPhS4OuzNfEnmWVU8KeahkJDQKe-BVvIAPXV5rkK77__X0APesQq8rNViegwZWbHJrsBFk7psupgIJfsMoUaAagUuKP9GFkLaESU7bHvIT0Q8XZBMUKGpHFkOijIKZUgQc/s1600/P1010143.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1600" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsXnQLyPUsqqPhS4OuzNfEnmWVU8KeahkJDQKe-BVvIAPXV5rkK77__X0APesQq8rNViegwZWbHJrsBFk7psupgIJfsMoUaAagUuKP9GFkLaESU7bHvIT0Q8XZBMUKGpHFkOijIKZUgQc/s400/P1010143.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fisherman's family looks for him</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; text-align: center;">With its numerous and diverse pieces of art scattered
throughout the city, thanks is owed to Vigo for creating a stimulating experience
for strollers. Viva Vigo and its taste in public art!</span><br />
<br />Dan Durninghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10639064524903151404noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-537999101514441161.post-30250987422836598292018-05-21T13:24:00.000-07:002018-05-21T14:16:30.408-07:00On May 28th, the City of Hof will hold its 586th Schlappentag<br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">The most distinctive feature of Hof, Germany, located at the
top of East Bavaria, is its annual Hofer Schlappentag. This year on May 28, it
will hold its 586<sup>th </sup>celebration to mark that day.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC84_P8S8NXpTPIsOWdBKjHRW9JZRVzlV2J3BnjQ1aYeUWj7HuAjGI-7uQHO7izXgF6uu7r4QL7f91Pg1kExWY4-kdoYvnJRYPsLcRNdIBiqgGb4RldYQ9J2pymjb837ldAn4RRiO-M5E/s1600/HOF114339.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC84_P8S8NXpTPIsOWdBKjHRW9JZRVzlV2J3BnjQ1aYeUWj7HuAjGI-7uQHO7izXgF6uu7r4QL7f91Pg1kExWY4-kdoYvnJRYPsLcRNdIBiqgGb4RldYQ9J2pymjb837ldAn4RRiO-M5E/s400/HOF114339.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sign advertising Schlappentag, showing the wooden<br />
shoes (Schlappen) and the special Schlappenbier</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Before explaining what the Hofer Schlappentag is and why it
has been around for more than half a millennium, I want to mention some other notable
features of this hilly city of 48,000 people that sits on the banks of the
Saale River. An important one is its
location. Following World War II, after Germany was divided into sectors, Hof was
a border town in the American Zone. Across the border was the Russian Zone,
which in 1949 became the German Democratic Republic.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">From that time until 1990, Hof was on the front lines of the Cold War, facing a heavily fortified border. Its train station was full of
relieved travelers who had successfully weathered the ordeal of passing from
East to West Germany, and stressed passengers who were about to undergo the
indignities attended upon travelers who wished to enter the DDR.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRKAypGNIuj_fGISoXYDljnybE0pWeGOr0RUlsnIOPVeh-EhVOb0vvCLHdIfgGxqHoRu8J0Xvr6T0-SSe6MTBUUsdnxio4oXhSsOOJDDnm9Tpq376beX3PvguxKB1OD91vCyzgyLri6aM/s1600/czechrepublic.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="250" data-original-width="250" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRKAypGNIuj_fGISoXYDljnybE0pWeGOr0RUlsnIOPVeh-EhVOb0vvCLHdIfgGxqHoRu8J0Xvr6T0-SSe6MTBUUsdnxio4oXhSsOOJDDnm9Tpq376beX3PvguxKB1OD91vCyzgyLri6aM/s320/czechrepublic.gif" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Another important aspect of Hof’s location is that it lies
a few miles distant from the western finger of Bohemia that probes into Germany
big southeastern belly. This part of Bohemia, now in the Czech Republic, is a narrow peninsula surrounded on three sides by the ocean of Germany. For decades, until 1917, it was part of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, and a large
percentage of its residents had a Germanic heritage and spoke German. After
WWI, it became part of Czechoslovakia. (On the map above, the peninsula is located in the western part of the Cheb region, which is in the far west of the Czech Republic. Hof is a few miles north of the top of the peninsula.) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXSbyz6MvaltYwY79K11zmpMPxXI8t0I_pbIyfFwcBKfiVkfLrlak_HBjO2dP8QUsI3KrQFpIX-KA70j9jAnG87nF-gBG0Ty3yKKY8Z5IqeYh3eomTKT0rkgKlyxegrCI2GeQvzMysd7M/s1600/hof_123258.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXSbyz6MvaltYwY79K11zmpMPxXI8t0I_pbIyfFwcBKfiVkfLrlak_HBjO2dP8QUsI3KrQFpIX-KA70j9jAnG87nF-gBG0Ty3yKKY8Z5IqeYh3eomTKT0rkgKlyxegrCI2GeQvzMysd7M/s400/hof_123258.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hof Center Center, with St. Mary's Church</td></tr>
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</span></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">The boundaries and ethnic makeup of the Bohemians in this isolated
peninsula caused few problems until the early 1930s. Then, some Germans –
adherents of the Nazi Party -- living there
and in neighboring parts of Bohemia started complaining of mistreatment by Czechoslovakians,
demanding to be brought into the German Reich.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Their rabble rousing provided one of the flimsy excuses Hitler used to justify
sending the German army into Czechoslovakia in 1939. When the 1000-year Reich
was disassembled in 1945, Czechoslovakia – under the guidance of the Soviet
Union – expelled all ethnic Germans from the Sudetenland (including the
peninsula), even those whose families that had lived there for centuries and
who had not supported the Nazis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many of
those expelled settled nearby in cities such as Hof and Marktredwitz and in the
land surrounding them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-lXMmnYzvDA2jTVgTKTUrbXpsLD-NfTyvzUB8eRdStAiIH0xlu0BqDhCYyL6M-345Us8q6JcOt4BRe-9rzerwufm972iVmVmd3s4qj12s2mZXx6bT0OBgzsEi3xu-IZuHadGxHciq2No/s1600/hof_113907.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-lXMmnYzvDA2jTVgTKTUrbXpsLD-NfTyvzUB8eRdStAiIH0xlu0BqDhCYyL6M-345Us8q6JcOt4BRe-9rzerwufm972iVmVmd3s4qj12s2mZXx6bT0OBgzsEi3xu-IZuHadGxHciq2No/s640/hof_113907.jpg" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hof City Center</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">(One city in the Czech peninsula is named A</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">š </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"> [in
German, Asch], and it is a thirty-minute ride from Hof on a slow train. From
Asch and surrounding area, about 27 persons from the Reichardt, Geyer, Penzel,
and Wunderlich families emigrated to Little Rock from 1848 to 1856, where many
became prominent citizens. But that is another story.)</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHjFGDr-YkD2h9KTcor8fLg5a8VhvHlNu7Wbiz6pYfar5foAh87xvuRMrAirEOpy9a3hjvjbFHb_HgjUk6SreHcbjXGSrVwNxiYAYAOCSts_CUib6wKieQnJBNBkq72BG5LbuNjHmibMc/s1600/hof1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHjFGDr-YkD2h9KTcor8fLg5a8VhvHlNu7Wbiz6pYfar5foAh87xvuRMrAirEOpy9a3hjvjbFHb_HgjUk6SreHcbjXGSrVwNxiYAYAOCSts_CUib6wKieQnJBNBkq72BG5LbuNjHmibMc/s400/hof1.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Detail for Hof's Turnhalle </td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Present-day Hof is a pleasant city with the distinctive
architecture of Eastern Bavaria that features multi-story buildings of different
colors standing next to each other. Also it has a welcoming city center, anchored,
as expected, by the largest and oldest church in town.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The city center offers, among its mixture of
businesses, two large book store.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is
a pedestrian zone, so many restaurants offer outdoor seats from which to watch
the parade of Hofers. Scattered about the center city are men and women (<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">known locally
as </span><i><span style="background: white; color: #222222;">Wärschtlamo</span></i><span style="background: white;"><span style="color: #222222; float: none; word-spacing: 0px;">) </span><span style="color: #222222;">with brass cauldrons filled with hot coals to boil wursts
for hungry patrons. </span><span style="color: #222222;"> </span><span style="color: #222222;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">It is in the city center that much of the Schlappentag
celebration takes place. The story of Schalppentag begins in January 25, 1430.
On that sad day, Hof was attacked by Hussites, who easily routed the Hofers,
who apparently did not put up much a fight. After the Hussites ransacked the town
and moved on, the pitiable Hofers came to beg the Prince of Brandenburg for
relief from taxes they owed him. They had nothing they could pay. The Prince
was a bit irked, but granted ten years of relief from taxes with the condition that the
Hofers would arm themselves and prepare to defend the city in the future.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2sQuc_lF5xWXnJJOJ_Gkbf_mtFW1CNwc3g_e9oIxJVc9312DVl2MfXijNlz42C3KvmJRDZaUEmUnpBeFw_tmh95jej9tclGF7hraRkCbRGEZU9zFhhZDIXBT00Z7gBkFxheCUzbNEYuk/s1600/hof_123242.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2sQuc_lF5xWXnJJOJ_Gkbf_mtFW1CNwc3g_e9oIxJVc9312DVl2MfXijNlz42C3KvmJRDZaUEmUnpBeFw_tmh95jej9tclGF7hraRkCbRGEZU9zFhhZDIXBT00Z7gBkFxheCUzbNEYuk/s400/hof_123242.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Wurst seller with his brass Cauldron </td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">They agreed to the condition, and in 1432, the city
government required its healthy male residents, most of whom were tradesmen, to join
the protection guard and attend at least one instructional session on musket shooting a year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As time passed, the protection
guard members grew less enthusiastic about their annual training requirement,
but continued to show up to avoid paying a fine. Many men put off the training
until the last day possible, the first Monday after Trinity Sunday (which falls
in late May or the first part of June). In 2018, Trinity Sunday is May 27<sup>th</sup>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">At first, only a dozen or so men, wearing their work clothes
and wooden work shoes (clogs), known as Schlappen, walked down the street as the work day began to
the indoor shooting range for their instruction. They would wait their turn for
their musket-shooting lesson.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Over time, more of the men waited until the Monday deadline
for completing training, and they would meet up to walk together to the
shooting range, clopping down the street in their wood shoes. Finally it became
a tradition for most of the protection guard to march together early on Trinity
Monday to receive their training.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">So on May 28, 2018, Hofers, joined by other volunteers in
wooden shoes, will form for the 586<sup>th</sup> time a marching line and
proceed through the city to the training site. That re-creation of the long
tradition is followed, I understand, by many opportunities for merriment,
especially if you enjoy beer, because that day – and only on that day -- an
especially strong locally brewed beer – Schlappenbier – can be sold in the city. By tradition, however, the beer cannot be sold to visiting Hussites,. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">For pictures and videos from previous Schlappentag celebrations (in German), see:</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.hof.de/hof/hof_deu/57-hofer-schlappentag.html">https://www.hof.de/hof/hof_deu/57-hofer-schlappentag.html</a><o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://www.tvo.de/mediathek/video/hofer-schlappentag-2017-hof-feiert-seinen-nationalfeiertag/">https://www.tvo.de/mediathek/video/hofer-schlappentag-2017-hof-feiert-seinen-nationalfeiertag/</a><o:p></o:p></div>
<br />Dan Durninghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10639064524903151404noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-537999101514441161.post-974256423282185312018-03-24T19:06:00.000-07:002018-06-15T17:31:34.824-07:00Little Rock's Last Reconstruction Mayor<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I have attached a link to the recently completed draft of the third paper in a trilogy related to the early political and governance career of Frederick Kramer, a German immigrant who settled in Little Rock in 1857, had success as a businessman, and was a republican-backed candidate for the Little Rock school board, city council, and mayor. In running for, and winning, these positions, he was forced to to swim in the bubbling cauldron of local reconstruction politics. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTcUqIBmGJFwX8PNCL-NewY2hU_U7jnAg2FhQZrxy4aJjJ4MS3xXHuxQVXcOXhPGtW37vR0u11EI-ohPxzDJCzRgqM8Ff8d4uywVdueNzoQwmJfcHah0Ygk9Vvql2ODHUDcDJzpZJ-gGM/s1600/KramerIMG_20170212_190845.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTcUqIBmGJFwX8PNCL-NewY2hU_U7jnAg2FhQZrxy4aJjJ4MS3xXHuxQVXcOXhPGtW37vR0u11EI-ohPxzDJCzRgqM8Ff8d4uywVdueNzoQwmJfcHah0Ygk9Vvql2ODHUDcDJzpZJ-gGM/s400/KramerIMG_20170212_190845.jpg" width="300" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Frederick Kramer, Picture published in the<br />Arkansas Echo</span></b></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The first paper examined the 1870 Little Rock election and the attempt of Republican brindle-tails (a pro-civil rights faction of the party) to steal it. Specifically, it is the story of the attempted "usurpation" of the vote in the city election, followed by a scheme to 'usurp" the city council to install the faction's preferred candidates for ward 1 and ward 3 aldermen. The usurpation attempts were led by Little Rock''s mayor at the time, A.K. Hartman, a brindle-tail, who wanted to insure the defeat of Kramer, a fellow Saxon, who was running for ward 1 alderman. Kramer was supported by the Republican Party's minstrel faction and was viewed by Hartman as a political enemy. The attempts to "usurp" the election led to some interesting drama as the two factions plotted against each other.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The title of the paper is:</span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Mayor A.K. Hartman and the Brindle-tails Usurp Little Rock’s
1870 Election, To No Avail<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The draft paper can be viewed and downloaded using this link:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/c6tycf6ck7nz5z8/the%201870%20election2%20%281%29.docx?dl=0">https://www.dropbox.com/s/c6tycf6ck7nz5z8/the%201870%20election2%20%281%29.docx?dl=0</a><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The second paper tells the story of the selection of the Little Rock city council president following the 1871 election. The election had been a successful one for the brindle-tails, and they held four of the eight council seats. These four brindle-tail aldermen put forward their candidate for the position. The other four members of the council were minstrels, and they wanted Kramer to be council president. The position was considered important because a year earlier many of the mayor's powers had been stripped from him and given to the city council president (mainly to punish Mayor Hartman for his actions against the minstrels). In the course of trying to elect the new city council president, the city council voted 701 times in one day on who should hold the job. The result led to some hard feelings and Kramer's decision to abandon politics for a year.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The title of the paper is: </span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The Crazy Day in 1871 When Little Rock’s City Council Voted 701 Times to Elect Its President<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The draft paper can be viewed and downloaded from Dropbox using this link:</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/i9jo0q3s2fvtbss/kramer701votesA.docx?dl=0"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">https://www.dropbox.com/s/i9jo0q3s2fvtbss/kramer701votesA.docx?dl=0</span></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLz03EbhxKkQBS3Q8RcoBG6-aX_TenZaKw7qeZTwIgjrZi9oCU5tz4_fpU3jU3Q15xvc9encDAeOTEzVUtN1L4uwmVRvbOXBFNOWOd8lErx2KLN5m6SRWkKAg6ylNaB5Gz_C7ycCfmfPw/s1600/Daily_Arkansas_Gazette_Wed__Oct_7__1868_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="791" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLz03EbhxKkQBS3Q8RcoBG6-aX_TenZaKw7qeZTwIgjrZi9oCU5tz4_fpU3jU3Q15xvc9encDAeOTEzVUtN1L4uwmVRvbOXBFNOWOd8lErx2KLN5m6SRWkKAg6ylNaB5Gz_C7ycCfmfPw/s320/Daily_Arkansas_Gazette_Wed__Oct_7__1868_.jpg" width="157" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">H. H. Rottaken & Co.'s First<br />Advertisement, Oct. 7, 1868,<br />In the Gazette</span></b></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The third, and recently drafted, paper covers the period from the November 1873 election in Little Rock until the election in April 1875, this one under a new state constitution that had been written and adopted after the Brooks-Baxter War (April 15 - May 15, 1874). The first part of the paper is about the 1873 election in which Kramer beat H. H. Rottaken, the candidate of the Citizens' Party, a surrogate for the Democratic-Conservative Party. The second part examines the administration of Mayor Kramer whose term was a challenging one because of the War, but also because the city had been slammed by the front edge of the 1873 depression a few weeks before the election. During his term, Kramer was chief executive of a city that could not pay its employees for months at a time. As the city battled its desperate financial situation, Mayor Kramer -- who was the city's chief law enforcement officer -- battled fakirs -- con men -- who had infested the city, and he led an experiment with a voluntary police force. The paper ends with the April 1875 election. With the Democratic-Conservative Party ascendant, Kramer sought the mayoral nomination of that party, but lost. Then he refused the Republican Party nomination, which nevertheless put him on the party's ticket. Kramer announced that he was going to vote for the nominee of the Democratic-Conservative Party, and the republicans suffered a complete humiliation at the polls. With that election, the democratic-conservatives had "redeemed" the city of Little Rock, making Kramer the last reconstruction mayor. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The title of the paper is:</span><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Frederick Kramer Beats Herbert H. Rottaken in the 1873 Election</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">To Become Mayor During a Time of Financial Distress, Fakirs, and Political
Strife,<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Then to Abandon the Republican Party <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A draft of the paper can be viewed and downloaded from Dropbox using this link:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/9uedx7b8f3gg1my/lastfinalmayoragain.docx?dl=0">https://www.dropbox.com/s/9uedx7b8f3gg1my/lastfinalmayoragain.docx?dl=0</a></span><br />
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Dan Durninghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10639064524903151404noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-537999101514441161.post-61033722579801069942017-12-19T01:06:00.000-08:002017-12-21T20:54:39.005-08:00Vienna in 1873 as Seen by a Visitor from Little Rock, Arkansas<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The November 2, 1873 edition of the <b>Daily Arkansas Gazette</b> contained the following letter describing
what a visitor from Little Rock saw while visiting Vienna a few weeks earlier:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Vienna: The German
Capital as Seen by a Citizen of Little Rock</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">We are permitted to make public the following extracts from
a private letter to Capt. H. H. Rottaken from his half-brother Mr. E Thuemmler,
who left a few weeks since for a European tour:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Vienna October 8, 1873<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">For some days past I have been doing this peculiarly “mixed”
city. I say “mixed” because you have here a little from all parts of the world,
human and brute –animate and inanimate. I imagine Babel could not have been a
much more confounding place than Vienna is to an American. This is supposed to
be a German city, but enter a given crowd of people on any of the main streets
and ask a question in German, it as likely to be answered in Portuguese,
Spanish, or English as is German. It is utterly impossible by appearance to
judge with the least certainty a man’s nationality – faces, dress and manners
are as varied as languages, and I very much doubt that the real Viennese is at
all times quite certain he is in his own “Kaiserstadt.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">It is impossible to impart, in any degree, an idea of the
universal splendor found in the richer parts of Vienna. It is true [that]
magnificence is cheap where labor costs next to nothing, and where the
commonest laborer who is at all permitted to engage in the production of
articles of elegance, must be himself a “master” in his art – but the true
secret of the wonderful impression that both the exterior and interior beauties
of Vienna produce, is to be found in the correct taste and the constant longing
for the beautiful, characteristic, in an eminent degree, of the inhabitants of
this place. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The prevalent building is a four-story, broad, white house,
in a style of architecture curiously compounded of the modern and antique.
Every building, of any consequence, has it porticos (also supported by splendid
caryatides) and elaborate ornamentation at every available point – the whole
white as snow. The interior of the better houses is all gilt and glitter, and
even the lower middle classes are seldom content without a few real oil
paintings, and an attempt at sculptural display in the “best room.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">There are more soldiers in the street every day than in St.
Louis during the liveliest times of the war. Music, street cars, policemen,
fruit and flower-vendors and brilliant cafes are “thick.” At night the
brilliancy of the streets is marvelous. Everything possible is done for the
comfort of the population. Parks, shaded walks with frequent benches, are found
in all parts of Vienna, and really, from the number of people constantly in the
streets, one would suppose that the outdoor beauties were adequately
appreciated.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWKUoClHj1vmb1eperXGn5tT4EXtFOl_JZ78OhQpUX8DHvNM12kwU5n3MFuGfLC-SwJcus1s5AF-VHLmycWC_ftomTR8PL4SRXOmaqPaUrm-8VqZuozVal8H1SKjfHBOj3Tz_QiYAhURQ/s1600/Weltausstellungsgel%25C3%25A4nde-Wien-1873.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1110" data-original-width="1600" height="444" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWKUoClHj1vmb1eperXGn5tT4EXtFOl_JZ78OhQpUX8DHvNM12kwU5n3MFuGfLC-SwJcus1s5AF-VHLmycWC_ftomTR8PL4SRXOmaqPaUrm-8VqZuozVal8H1SKjfHBOj3Tz_QiYAhURQ/s640/Weltausstellungsgel%25C3%25A4nde-Wien-1873.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Buildings of the 1873 World's Fair are in the foreground;<br />
St. Stephens Church and the walled city are in the middle;<br />
the Vienna woods are in the distance<br />
Picture from Wikicommons</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The world’s fair is certainly grand.<span style="color: red;">[1] </span>I have been there five times, and am
only beginning to obtain a clear impression of its extent, its wonders, and its
excellencies. I have, of course, a great many notes, and will, in time, make
use of them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpF514DvGUrvYJpRLSwSZuXJcM-HyY3iEHhs34-Y8LT47akP5S7jHcT_VHcIa6cEwUhorklnUPVJhVj8zWFBFVq2N0vdtLd5_IgUtxELWzrWx1f2927uqrxfoLOQfW93LomTUL4xeoDfM/s1600/1200px-Eingangstor_Weltausstellung_1873.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="887" data-original-width="1200" height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpF514DvGUrvYJpRLSwSZuXJcM-HyY3iEHhs34-Y8LT47akP5S7jHcT_VHcIa6cEwUhorklnUPVJhVj8zWFBFVq2N0vdtLd5_IgUtxELWzrWx1f2927uqrxfoLOQfW93LomTUL4xeoDfM/s400/1200px-Eingangstor_Weltausstellung_1873.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This was the entrance to the 1873 World's Fiar<br />
From Wikicommons</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Leaving New York on the 6<sup>th</sup> of September, I
arrived at Bremen on the 20<sup>th</sup> – then on to Leipzig and after two
days there, to Selka.<span style="color: red;">[2] </span>Remaining but a few days, I proceeded
to “Miesitz.” I then came to Vienna.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> **********************<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Background of the
Letter’s Author and Recipient<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The young man who wrote this letter, Eugene Thuemmler (1848
– 1891), had moved from St. Louis to Little Rock in about 1869. Thuemmler was
not a German immigrant, but both of his parents were. His father Traugott
Edward Thuemmler (1815 – 1867) was born
in Saxony, and his mother Sophia (1812 – 1890) was from Prussia. Edward was born
in St. Louis on March 13, 1848 and grew up there.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">An 1863 graduate of St. Louis High School, Thuemmler –
according to his passport application – was 5’ 10” tall, with gray eyes, brown hair, oval face, and a “Teutonic”
nose. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The letter was written to Thuemmler’s half-brother, Herbert
Herman Rottaken, who had been born in either Elderfeld (a city now part of
Wuppertal) or Aachen, Germany, on July 25, 1839.<span style="color: red;">[3] </span>In about 1844, while he was still a
young child, he had been brought to the United States by his parents. His
mother was Sophia Rottaken, later Thuemmler. The first name of his father is
lost to history. According to family lore, the Rottaken family, which included
father, mother, Herbert, and his younger sister Augusta (born in 1843), lived
briefly in Little Rock in 1846.<span style="color: red;">[4]</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">If they were in Little Rock in 1846, it was a brief stay. Sophia
and the two children were in St. Louis in 1847 when she re-married on March 27th.
(It is not known if her first husband died or if the couple had divorced.) A
year later, she and Traugott, her new husband, were the parents of Edward,
their first child together. The 1850 census showed Traugott and Sophia living in
St. Louis with Herbert, Augusta, Edward, and a newly born daughter named Emily.
Traugott managed the boarding house in which they were living. Later he got a
job as the executive secretary of an insurance company<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">H. H. Rottaken (who opted to keep his father’s last name) moved
to St. Charles, Missouri, late in the 1850s, and soon after the Civil War
started, he joined the Seventh Regiment of the Missouri Cavalry
Volunteers. He initially held the rank
of Sergeant, but in 1862 was commissioned as an officer, rising to the rank of
Captain. He had a distinguished war service record.<span style="color: red;">[5]</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">After the war, Rottaken returned to St. Louis, but in 1868 he
and Susan, his wife, moved to Little Rock to open a wholesale liquor store.<span style="color: red;"> </span>He quickly established a reputation as a sportsman
and hunter, but his business struggled in a highly competitive market filled
with well-established merchants.<span style="color: red;">[6] </span>He was joined in his retail store in 1870
by his step-brother Edward Thuemller, who became a partner. However, the
step-brothers ended their partnership in early 1871. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">After the split, Thuemller ran the business with a partner (“Thuemmler
& Eliot”) for about nine months, then on his own (“Thuemmler & Co,”). He
closed the store in December 1872.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">After leaving the retail liquor business, Rottaken took a
job as a deputy sheriff, appointed by W. S. Oliver, the elected Sheriff, a
Republican. In August 1872, he received a political appointment from the Republican
governor: he was named head the Pulaski County board of registrars. However,
after he figured out that the job entailed registering voters likely to vote
for the Republican Party and finding ways to refuse to register other voters,
he resigned this post.<span style="color: red;">[7]</span> Soon after that, he affiliated himself with
the Democratic-Conservative Party. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In October 1873, the Citizen’s Party – a stand-in for the
Democratic-Conservative Party – nominated him as its candidate for mayor. His
Republican-nominated opponent was Frederick Kramer, a German immigrant,
prosperous merchant, and well-known citizen of the city.<span style="color: red;">[8] </span>The election was
scheduled for Tuesday, Nov. 5, just four days after the publication of the
letter.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The letter was, of course, not political, but its
publication so near the election might have been. The newspaper that published
it, the <b>Daily Arkansas Gazette</b>, was the
Democratic-Conservative Party organ and it strongly supported and promoted
Rottaken’s candidacy for mayor. Perhaps the letter was intended, at least in
part, to give a boost to this reputation.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Whether the letter’s publication had anything to do with
politics, it was likely read with pleasure by immigrants from Europe who knew
Vienna as one of the great capitals of the world and by others with an interest
in foreign cities they knew they would never visit. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">And after the letter
was published<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">After this European trip, Thuemller returned to Little Rock and
resumed his life in the city. Like his step-brother Rottaken, Thuemuller was a
sportsman and he was president of the local sharp shooter’s club. He also had a
strong cultural bent and was a fine singer with the Little Rock Maennerchor. Periodically
he wrote a column for the <b>Arkansas
Gazette</b> on the Little Rock economy. In 1880, he received patent 226,570 for
a thermo-dynamic engine he had designed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">In 1881 Thuemmler, with his wife Harriet (he married her in
Washington D.C. on June 21, 1874) and two small daughters, moved back to St
Louis and he worked there as a grocer. In about 1886, he and his family moved
to Chicago, and he operated a wholesale “notions” business until his death on
March 11, 1891.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Rottaken decisively lost the 1873 elected. However, his
fortunes changed a few months later when in April, 1884, he joined the Baxter
forces in the Brooks-Baxter War. Rottaken was made a captain in the Baxter
forces and was first appointed the chief ordinance officer and later the inspector
general. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">When the war ended with Baxter’s victory, Rottaken was rewarded
for his service with an appointment as the Pulaski County Sheriff. After the appointive term ended, he was elected for a two-year term in 1876.
During his terms in office, he hired his step-brother Thuemmler as a deputy
sheriff.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Rottaken’s wife died in 1876. Two years later, in 1878, he
married Fredericka Reichardt Miller, the widow of Charles Miller who had been
the business partner of Frederick Kramer when in 1863 the two had started a
grocery store that grew into one of the most successful in the city. His new
wife was the sister of Adelina, Kramer’s wife.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFAx-OuuI95Hcv4bCcSfMn09sUmZ7DtVDAU7jSqQLm9UnAL6dEqEz2SRwB0N2oXOmHpF16XOT_eYMBms8NefHHaX15F80UoddIM4-GUklPlhRZj2ZPhchtybU2_6SUdrTYLOQIqTeCEyA/s1600/fredericka.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1115" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFAx-OuuI95Hcv4bCcSfMn09sUmZ7DtVDAU7jSqQLm9UnAL6dEqEz2SRwB0N2oXOmHpF16XOT_eYMBms8NefHHaX15F80UoddIM4-GUklPlhRZj2ZPhchtybU2_6SUdrTYLOQIqTeCEyA/s400/fredericka.jpg" width="278" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fredericka Miller Rottaken on the day of<br />
her wedding to H. H. Rottaken, 1878<br />
(Arkansas Gazette, Dec. 10, 1938, p. 63)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Rottaken continued to be active in local public service. In
1881, he was the chief of Little Rock’s volunteer fire department and nearly
lost his life in an accident that knocked him off the top of a tall ladder while
fighting a fire. From 1892 to 1894, he held the office of Pulaski County Assessor,
enraging the city’s largest businesses with a dramatic upward reassessment of
their property values. He was elected city alderman in 1901 and served two
two-year terms. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Aside from his public sector work, Herbert and Fredericka
were active investors in real estate and various mining ventures. Over time, their investments made them quite
wealthy. Rottaken died on September 17, 1908 following a hunting accident in which
he accidently shot himself, nearly severing his left arm<span style="color: red;">.[9] <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: red;">*********************</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">[1] The 1873 World’s Fair was held in Vienna. In
preparation, the city’s infrastructure was improved through extensive public
investments. The fair opened on May 1<sup>st</sup> and closed on October 31th.
It featured impressive pavilions constructed in the city’s Prater area. In all,
it offered 26,000 exhibitions that were visited by over 7 million visitors.
Unfortunately for Austria, this number was far less than expected. The
attendance was held down by news of a cholera outbreak in the city and a stock
market panic that marked the beginning of a world-wide recession. Because of
the relatively small attendance, the fair’s revenues paid only about a third of
the cost of staging the event. See <a href="http://www.wienmuseum.at/en/exhibitions/detail/the-metropolis-experimentvienna-and-the-1873-world-exhibition.html">http://www.wienmuseum.at/en/exhibitions/detail/the-metropolis-experimentvienna-and-the-1873-world-exhibition.html</a> and <a href="http://jdpecon.com/expo/wfvienna1873.html">http://jdpecon.com/expo/wfvienna1873.html</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">[2] Selka is a village about 50 miles due South of Leipzig.
It is now part of the Thuringia Province. At the time, it was in the
Saxony-Altenberg Province of the newly unified German state. Miesitz in a small
town about 40 miles southeast of Selka, also now in the Thuringia Province.
(Both Selka and Miesitz were in East Germany after the end of World War
II.) It is likely Thuemller’s father
lived in Selka before he emigrated and that Thuemller had relatives in Miesitz.
Neither were or are tourist destinations. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">[3] The Elderfeld birthplace was mentioned in an undated and
unattributed obituary published in a German language newspaper, likely the <b>Arkansas Staatszeitung</b>. This clipping of the obituary is in a scrapbook that is part of the Miller-Rottaken Family Papers in the archives of the Butler
Center for Arkansas Studies. The Aachen
birthplace is stated in a short biography written in the 1970s by a granddaughter
of Rottaken. This typewritten biography is also in the Miller-Rottaken Family Papers.
In the 1870 census, Rottaken told the census takers that he was from
Prussia. See the Miller-Rottaken Family Collection, BC.MSS.10.28, Butler Center
for Arkansas Studies, Arkansas Studies Institute.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">[4] The German-language obituary mentioned in footnote 3 says he
and his family were in LR in 1848. The typewritten bio says he and family were
in LR in the 1850s. See the Miller-Rottaken Family Collection, BC.MSS.10.28
Butler Center for Arkansas Studies, Arkansas Studies Institute.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">[5] His army service is documented in the biographical
sketch mentioned above. See the Miller-Rottaken Family Collection, BC.MSS.10.28
Butler Center for Arkansas Studies, Arkansas Studies Institute.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">[6] The October 7, 1868 issue of the <b>Daily Arkansas Gazette</b> (p. 3} noted “H. H. Rottaken & Co. have
opened a wholesale wine, liquor, and cigar store one door from the Gazette
office.” Soon after he arrived, Rottaken
convinced the managers of the State Fair to hold a pigeon shooting contest as
part of the fair activities. He won the competitions in 1868, 1869, and 1870,
and ran a small business supplying pigeons for such competitions. The publisher
of the <b>Gazette</b> was impressed by
Rottaken and wrote two stories about him, touting his sportsman skills and his
pack of dogs. See Our Neighbor Rottaken. <b>Daily
Arkansas Gazette</b>, August 11, 1869, p. 4. And Rottaken, <b>Daily Arkansas Gazette</b>, July 8, 1870, p. 4.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">[7] Rottaken testified on his experiences as a registrar at
a one of the hearings that followed the Brooks-Baxter War. The Investigation
Committee, <b>Daily Arkansas Gazette</b>,
July 29, 1874, p. 4.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">[8] For more
information on Kramer, see this entry in the Arkansas Encyclopedia of History
and Culture: <a href="http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?search=1&entryID=12300">http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?search=1&entryID=12300</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">[9] Herbert Rottaken Dies from Shot. </span><b style="font-family: verdana, sans-serif;">Daily Arkansas Gazette</b><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">, September 18, 1908, p. 1.</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
Dan Durninghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10639064524903151404noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-537999101514441161.post-91986617757855322332017-10-20T11:51:00.000-07:002017-10-20T11:51:58.210-07:00Little Rock's Two Kramer Schools <div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">One of the better known public buildings in Little Rock
during the first seven decades of the 20<sup>th</sup> Century was the school
house on Sherman Street between 7th and 8th streets. The building, completed in
1895, was named the Kramer School in honor of Frederick Kramer, a civic-minded German
immigrant who served on the Little Rock school board from February 1869, when
the school board was first created, until he retired in 1894. During almost all
of those twenty-six years, he was elected by fellow board members to chair the board.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaef8BLAISV-mDlCaz4fG3aVO4TsKlbwDQIqogR7NVqA601EEtB9B5gw07WQCMZFkYbN-M6k5FjG4qx4q2gxLZ7yEIvuAibGGpqRMmKJgWrLoG8JFtJFPogU-3jW068cZWGq3KTkwug6k/s1600/kramerpostcardsm.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="248" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaef8BLAISV-mDlCaz4fG3aVO4TsKlbwDQIqogR7NVqA601EEtB9B5gw07WQCMZFkYbN-M6k5FjG4qx4q2gxLZ7yEIvuAibGGpqRMmKJgWrLoG8JFtJFPogU-3jW068cZWGq3KTkwug6k/s640/kramerpostcardsm.jpg" width="393" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Kramer School on Sherman Street; the<br />large tower shown in the picture was torn<br />down in the 1950s</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The handsome Kramer School building on Sherman street was
not the first school in the city named in honor of Frederick Kramer. Another
school built in late 1869 and early 1870 was also called the Kramer School (sometimes
it was referred to as the Ward 1 school).
The first Kramer school was located near the eastern end of Second
Street between the mansion built by Alexander George in the 1840s and the high
banks of the Arkansas River. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw6VfKXZpqtagvdGG6PUf6MEE73fAX7Litk4w1hCcggp5XDXWB_7LgQIsbOqAcVfV2AIhN9KfEUvMuI2YKS9Us8FQvwuIqz79C59yJzA0airb9hKgFhNrvX6QfU-IFhJ5fTKLsH33lcjg/s1600/IMG_20171015_114428.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1479" data-original-width="1600" height="590" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw6VfKXZpqtagvdGG6PUf6MEE73fAX7Litk4w1hCcggp5XDXWB_7LgQIsbOqAcVfV2AIhN9KfEUvMuI2YKS9Us8FQvwuIqz79C59yJzA0airb9hKgFhNrvX6QfU-IFhJ5fTKLsH33lcjg/s640/IMG_20171015_114428.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This picture shows part of the 1870 Bird's Eye View Map of Little Rock. The first Kramer School<br />was located by the Arkansas River on the left side of the map (above the blue mark). <br />The spot where the second Kramer School was built is marked by a blue tick at the top of the map.</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The Kramer School on Second Street was the first one authorized
by the Little Rock School District after city voters approved its creation and elected
its board members. Near the end of 1869, the board hired A. J. Millard to construct
the school, paying him $18,000 to erect a two-story brick building with an
entryway, four classrooms, a basement with a modern Ruttan heating system, a
painted tin roof, and stone steps. When completed, the school building was
described by the <b>Daily Arkansas Gazette</b>
as “a beautiful edifice.” It was, the <b>Gazette</b>
noted, the “finest and best school house in the city.” The <b>Arkansas Democrat</b> later wrote that it was “the finest in the
state.”</span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7z_SlPTwt5x9u6vSp9ZsfpwbbIkmar0B8j2ZLK7hunGcgLBuuzqfI1BYAWTVvLMw57ct1wE21hoX8mzuZYVlGqzwmljJ9zM3w5H7uYEq6p5BsmH4Hhfx_hNJG5xYXAzwvIYSST93SupM/s1600/2017-10-20+09.41.40.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="950" data-original-width="1600" height="377" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7z_SlPTwt5x9u6vSp9ZsfpwbbIkmar0B8j2ZLK7hunGcgLBuuzqfI1BYAWTVvLMw57ct1wE21hoX8mzuZYVlGqzwmljJ9zM3w5H7uYEq6p5BsmH4Hhfx_hNJG5xYXAzwvIYSST93SupM/s640/2017-10-20+09.41.40.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This drawing of the first Kramer School was included on the <br />1870 Bird's Eye View Map of Little Rock</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The school opened in 1870, attended by African-American
students living on the east side of the city.
In November 1870, a <b>Gazette</b>
reporter visited the Kramer School and wrote the following description of what
he found there: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">[The school] presents more of
neatness and comfort than any similar building in the city. There are but three
occupied rooms at present.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The first we entered is in charge
of Miss Foster, who is now in her second year as a teacher in our schools. As
we entered, Miss Adella Thomas was giving a less in music. The pupils were very
apt, and displayed considerable skill. Miss Thomas is the teacher of music for
all the schools.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Leaving this room, the next we
entered was in charge of Miss Fishburn. The recitations we heard were very
fair.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">In the next room, Mr. Mason is the
teacher. He is also the principal of the school, a finely educated gentleman,
and said to be a very fine teacher.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Sadly, just three years later, on October 30, 1873, the
school building burned to the ground. The fire started at about noon in the
basement, where two furnaces were located. The <b>Gazette</b> attributed the fire to the “inattentiveness of the firemen
[who tended the furnaces].” The city’s volunteer fire departments responded
quickly to the fire, but were unable to get water from the Arkansas River
because of the high banks or from the nearest public cistern, located several
blocks away at the corner of Markham and Commerce streets. One department did
extract some water from the cistern in the school yard, but the amount was too
little to stop the fire. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The loss of the city’s finest school was a blow to the city
school system, and its impact was made worse by the failure of the board to
purchase adequate insurance for the building and the recent bankruptcy of the
local company from which it had purchased the insurance policy. The school
board had insured the building for only $5,000, and it could not collect even
that much because of the demise of the company that sold it the insurance
coverage. (At the next meeting, the board voted to obtain insurance for other
schools equal to their full value.) <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The destruction of school came at a particularly bad time. Little
Rock, like the rest of the nation, had been hit by a major recession and tax
collections had plummeted. During that 1873-74 school year, the board struggled
to obtain funds to pay teacher salaries, and it considered closing city schools
three months early. However, even though local lenders refused to buy the
school district’s notes or bonds, Kramer found investors in Cincinnati who
would, and the schools borrowed enough to remain open for the full school year.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The recession continued in the following years, and the
district had little money to rent classroom space much less build a new school.
It had to sell much of its real estate, including the land on which the Kramer
School had sat, to help pay for teacher’s salaries and cover its debt. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">The loss of the school house and the lack of funds to build
or rent another one had dire consequences for the African-American children
living on the east side of Little Rock. It appears that the school board
provided no classrooms for these displaced children during the 1874-1875 and
1875-1876 school years. Certainly in 1876-77, the board did not. This
deplorable situation was brought up at a January 1877 school board meeting by A.
G. Cunningham, a board member, who complained that the board continued to
refuse to build a school house to “educate 250 colored students” who were “now
living in ignorance.” <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">It took almost three more years, and heated controversy, before
the school district finally built a new school on the east side, and despite
the original plans for it to be used to educate African-American students, the
board decided to make it a white school and let the African-American students
use the space that was left vacant by the white students going to the new
building. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Unlike the short-lived first Kramer School building, the second
has had a long and fruitful existence. It served as a regular school building
until 1969. Then, from 1969 to 1978, it hosted an experimental school operated
by Bettye Caldwell of the University of Arkansas at Little Rock’s Center for
Early Development and Education. After that program moved to a new school
building in 1978, the Kramer School building sat vacant for a couple of decades,
then was sold to investors who, through renovation, carved it into loft
apartments. The building still stands (without the original tower in front) as
the Kramer School Artist Co-op Apartments.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">A few blocks to the northeast of these apartments, the land
on which the first Kramer School was located now is part of the grounds for the
Clinton Presidential Library and Museum.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Sources:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">For more on Frederick Kramer, see this entry in the Arkansas
Encyclopedia of History and Culture: <a href="http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?search=1&entryID=12300">http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?search=1&entryID=12300</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">School Board. <b>Daily
Arkansas Gazette</b>, January 11, 1870, p. 4.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Around the City. <b>Daily
Arkansas Gazette</b>, February 15, 1870, p. 4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Our Public Schools, <b>Daily
Arkansas Gazette</b>, November 26, 1870, p. 4.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Destructive Fire. <b>Daily
Arkansas Gazette</b>, November 1, 1873, p. 4.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">School Board. <b>Daily Arkansas Gazette</b>, January 28, 1877, p.
4.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Kramer School.
Portrait of the Late Honorable Kramer Presented to the School. <b>Arkansas Gazette</b>, December 23, 1894, p.
3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Free Schools. There
were none in Arkansas Prior to 1868 [Reminiscences of Judge Henry Coldwell], <b>Arkansas Democrat</b>, January 20, 1902, p.
3 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Public School Reminiscences [Letter from A. J. Millard]. <b>Arkansas Gazette</b>, June 17, 1914, p. 8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Francis Jones.
Local System of Schools is the First Formed in State. <b>Arkansas Democrat</b>. May 20, 1916, </span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">p. 3.</span></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
Dan Durninghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10639064524903151404noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-537999101514441161.post-13544191382386968622017-09-05T10:53:00.000-07:002018-06-18T10:00:24.388-07:00September 5, 1967: Leaving On a Jet Plane -- The Institute of European Studies Adventure Begins<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">I know what I was doing fifty years ago today, and I cannot think of anything else I would rather have been doing. Thanks to my good fortune, I was getting on a flight to London to embark on a two-week study tour of Western Europe with about 200 other college students from throughout the United States.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">I say it was my good fortune for several reasons. First, I was fortunate that the faculty and staff of the Vienna campus of the Institute of European Studies (IES) were brave enough to load a large group of college students on five buses to show them (I should say, "educate them about") Western Europe. This study tour kicked off IES's year-long "study abroad" program in Vienna, and it was a great start to the school year. Also, it was my good fortune that at the time such a trip was financially feasible. The dollar was strong and the costs of gasoline, hotel rooms, and meals were a fraction of the cost today, even considering the impacts of inflation. Finally, I was most fortunate to be on one of the buses, thanks to an IES scholarship honoring Sen. J. W. Fulbright. Without that, I would have been back on the University of Arkansas campus. </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju8ijFCKNBYjhpQsj3PcjoB7Gbf79cguQVzkVrZCYhVGtHoYCW8vvETZ3ioFw264XLK-pGmbH5ML6RI6nmF0nvhsC0xnR5FifbYUfEF0zyX2Cmf2XS49tFFyPXdwetejwCrgm5Py7AbHY/s1600/PICT0161+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1420" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju8ijFCKNBYjhpQsj3PcjoB7Gbf79cguQVzkVrZCYhVGtHoYCW8vvETZ3ioFw264XLK-pGmbH5ML6RI6nmF0nvhsC0xnR5FifbYUfEF0zyX2Cmf2XS49tFFyPXdwetejwCrgm5Py7AbHY/s640/PICT0161+%25281%2529.jpg" width="568" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>The IES Tour Bus at the White Cliffs of Dover Waiting for a Ferry<br />September 14, 1967</b></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Below is the agenda for the "Western European Field Study Trip." It took the group in my bus to London, Oxford, Stratford-on-Avon (where I saw McBeth at the Globe Theater), Bruges, Paris, Trier, Munich, Salzburg, and Vienna. At different locations, we had lectures from IES faculty members (Porhansl, Benesch, Mowatt, Balekjian, Arndorfer, Fellner), plus local specialists. Of the group, I especially liked Dr. Benesch, who had a relaxed manner, a notable sense of humor, and did not take himself too seriously, as was common among Austrian faculty members.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaWniqb8sShTfXODMOa7J1jGMIWOoSHddf-GgJHof9kothGY7_3eptXDHnXmRBqwEkzLxVCF3iotsYaAbrNVH6e_t8HdfxaiShCF4b3UU_3CAwZce2Hju9nHGCsr9AEbd9omCaCSxz0Mw/s1600/paris.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1067" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaWniqb8sShTfXODMOa7J1jGMIWOoSHddf-GgJHof9kothGY7_3eptXDHnXmRBqwEkzLxVCF3iotsYaAbrNVH6e_t8HdfxaiShCF4b3UU_3CAwZce2Hju9nHGCsr9AEbd9omCaCSxz0Mw/s640/paris.JPG" width="426" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>IES Students in Paris, September 17, 1967</b></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The trip was made more enjoyable by the group of students traveling together in our assigned bus. Th</span><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">e long trips provided an opportunity to get to know a bunch of students from campuses scattered throughout the United States. I had a chance finally to meet some Yankees and Californians, about whom I had heard rumors but rarely talked to.</span> </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL9954TZejR-D9yAlYAyyPzsQYT6L2WAFbOEVHBWXYdeiFfK0X6S4h4uSthN8uRDhjSdcm8Y6LyfmxOT7UyHiJgwO9bwvvYCpmHJiMq0Sy4uf8YwDNkeD5Kk8vobMdxbK1x-kFrrZgmp8/s1600/PICT0166.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL9954TZejR-D9yAlYAyyPzsQYT6L2WAFbOEVHBWXYdeiFfK0X6S4h4uSthN8uRDhjSdcm8Y6LyfmxOT7UyHiJgwO9bwvvYCpmHJiMq0Sy4uf8YwDNkeD5Kk8vobMdxbK1x-kFrrZgmp8/s400/PICT0166.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>IES Students at the Salzburg Castle, Sept. 24, 1967</b></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Yep, fifty years ago I was getting on an airplane to start one of the best years of my life. </span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">Probably before I departed someone should have told my parents, "Don't send your kid to Study Abroad unless you are prepared to welcome home someone you don't recognize."</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQDixhWOC3mYd8acOQzMgFCG1fxEwDFaO1EYjBSQZfwjwEM07BLP8be7rMetIf6PQdRNJmtKsZt6bmnzxZEC2ml698QUbbX3VZpNrRgA4y-dkpbF8xuNHbOo87YnLEwOr1nnMeL_OB5vM/s1600/eur67p1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1244" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQDixhWOC3mYd8acOQzMgFCG1fxEwDFaO1EYjBSQZfwjwEM07BLP8be7rMetIf6PQdRNJmtKsZt6bmnzxZEC2ml698QUbbX3VZpNrRgA4y-dkpbF8xuNHbOo87YnLEwOr1nnMeL_OB5vM/s640/eur67p1.JPG" width="496" /></a></div>
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<br />Dan Durninghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10639064524903151404noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-537999101514441161.post-10107829076600394112017-08-30T09:47:00.000-07:002018-06-18T09:26:21.478-07:00Mayor A.K. Hartman and the Brindle-tails Usurp Little Rock’s 1870 Election, To No Avail<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">In November 1870, aldermen Frederick Kramer of the first
ward and Asa Richmond of the third ward ran for re-election to the Little Rock
city council. Both were supported by the regular republicans (the “minstrels”),
a faction headed by Gov. Powell Clayton, but were opposed by the anti-Clayton
reform republicans (the “brindle-tails”) who viewed them as barriers to controlling
the council. One brindle-tail leader, Little Rock Mayor A. K. Hartman,
especially wanted Kramer, a fellow Prussian and an implacable foe, off the
council. To that end, Hartman helped carry out a brindle-tail plot to usurp the
ward 1 polling place, replacing the regular election judges and ballot box with
their own. The plot’s results were not what Hartman or the other brindle-tails expected.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;">The story of the usurpation attempt and its aftermath is told in my paper, "Mayor A.K. Hartman and the Brindle-tails Usurp Little Rock's 1870 Election, To No Avail." </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;"><b>To read or download the paper, go to one of these links:</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: trebuchet ms, sans-serif;"><b>Microsoft Word</b></span><br />
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<a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/c6tycf6ck7nz5z8/the%201870%20election2%20%281%29.docx?dl=0"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">https://www.dropbox.com/s/c6tycf6ck7nz5z8/the%201870%20election2%20%281%29.docx?dl=0</span></b></a><span class="MsoHyperlink"><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/4vekyzz7e9a42uv/1870election2.pdf?dl=0">https://www.dropbox.com/s/4vekyzz7e9a42uv/1870election2.pdf?dl=0</a><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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Dan Durninghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10639064524903151404noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-537999101514441161.post-23848594390010284402017-02-19T10:27:00.000-08:002018-06-18T09:56:42.514-07:00The Crazy Day in 1871 When Little Rock’s City Council Voted 701 Times to Elect Its President<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Twelve clangs from the clock on the east wall of Little Rock’s
city council chamber interrupted the aldermen as they were about to cast
another vote to elect the council’s new president. It was midnight and most of
them could not recall how many previous ballots had been taken on this question.
Was it 670, or maybe 680? No matter how many, they were sure how the next
ballot would tally: four votes for Alderman Frederick Kramer and four votes for
someone else.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">When the clock quieted, the man at the head of the oblong table
in the middle of the council chamber called on the aldermen to resume voting. As
usual, he, Frederick Kramer, the temporary chairman of this first meeting of
the 1871-72 city council, received his own vote and those of Aldermen Daniel Parham
Upham, Daniel Ottenheimer, and Asa L. Richmond. Also, unsurprisingly, his main
rival, Alderman Dudley Emerson Jones, voted for himself and got the votes of Aldermen
George Wilson Denison, Jerome Lewis, and Henry Thomas Gibb. Another 4-4 tie. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimydK6n1vFqZ66SS4cdIf0bQYlPegemUMjXSxKViBS2RPpqHNElu9tlnE9Te8ngh7l3XwYl9SwFfTF-Z3_koSbkRIkDK-fKZy0thC0iJrYtTh8xyy2fP1N5JbjGh52q2o2_khtEFP9FAI/s1600/PixDaily_Arkansas_Gazette_Wed__Sep_9__1896_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimydK6n1vFqZ66SS4cdIf0bQYlPegemUMjXSxKViBS2RPpqHNElu9tlnE9Te8ngh7l3XwYl9SwFfTF-Z3_koSbkRIkDK-fKZy0thC0iJrYtTh8xyy2fP1N5JbjGh52q2o2_khtEFP9FAI/s400/PixDaily_Arkansas_Gazette_Wed__Sep_9__1896_.jpg" width="318" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Frederick Kramer<br />
Arkansas Gazette, Sept 9, 1896</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">After announcing the results, Kramer quickly called for
another vote on the issue. As the familiar process restarted, the few remaining
spectators stirred. White men, leaning uncomfortably on the wall by the clock,
shifted positions. Next to them, the city clerk dipped his pen into an inkwell.
On the other side of the room, across the tobacco-stained carpet, a small
audience of black men clustered around a drum stove as they watched Alderman
Lewis, the blackest and oldest man seated at the oval table, doodle images of a
fish<span style="color: red;">. [1] </span>Next
to him, Denison, the whitest and youngest alderman, sat quietly.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">**********</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">For the whole story of the 701 votes for the president of the Little Rock city council in 1871, go to the paper available at the following link:</span><br />
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<a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/i9jo0q3s2fvtbss/kramer701votesA.docx?dl=0">https://www.dropbox.com/s/i9jo0q3s2fvtbss/kramer701votesA.docx?dl=0</a><o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLVyV1CZ4uWOeT50MaR3md7NVHdYpf5ykhI3RtXeJ_0SKlvzuNHrLvCWYC69vrqmEXQWL9-zs9g36JQ1Vrx4bcyJmOSXpSe_wD32xun4KGxu5lotNiwTzechhyphenhyphenpp3ukL7XdruDppWiO1I/s1600/dennison.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLVyV1CZ4uWOeT50MaR3md7NVHdYpf5ykhI3RtXeJ_0SKlvzuNHrLvCWYC69vrqmEXQWL9-zs9g36JQ1Vrx4bcyJmOSXpSe_wD32xun4KGxu5lotNiwTzechhyphenhyphenpp3ukL7XdruDppWiO1I/s400/dennison.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">George Denison (from Ancestry-com)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO85KYSMJ_eTGlTgfzRITrX0_PuwLORmt1dBaHCEAPdBRATUSiXzBCK2T6V7Ntk14XdnITvv4xt0SsFffMGiTcltvrqHNu8eXjXDsNMl5Zmstvr3WEJ10IKlJFhTXMaFAIj4YtVLJ73ig/s1600/b118d005-68d3-4b03-909a-93658c24fd4f.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO85KYSMJ_eTGlTgfzRITrX0_PuwLORmt1dBaHCEAPdBRATUSiXzBCK2T6V7Ntk14XdnITvv4xt0SsFffMGiTcltvrqHNu8eXjXDsNMl5Zmstvr3WEJ10IKlJFhTXMaFAIj4YtVLJ73ig/s400/b118d005-68d3-4b03-909a-93658c24fd4f.jpg" width="336" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Alderman Jones and his Wife<br />
(Ancestry.com)</td></tr>
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Dan Durninghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10639064524903151404noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-537999101514441161.post-63779803671310901072016-12-22T13:27:00.000-08:002016-12-22T13:27:28.688-08:00Calling All Idgits<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">So I was searching the newspapers of genealogybank.com for
the name “Hammerand” because a woman from St. Louis by the name of Emilie
Hammerand was arrested in Vienna in 1934 after the Nazi assassination of Englebert
Dollfuss, the Austrian prime minister. She, the wife of an Austrian who owned Vienna’s
Hotel Hammerand, was charged with transporting messages between Munich Nazis and
Austrian Nazis. How, I wondered, did this American woman end up assisting the
Nazis? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE64s3HNg3LRgj_tfPBENYMy211G2iF3pb03gsofyYjmhliFmtwZtB7_tV36JnchUwa07enqx7QIVigTZ0MMYWbsZNbnDCYhBR-0MVaN8WqVVZBhxTg4UX_2Hyv2sYHfI4oUTOo7ci1Og/s1600/idjits5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE64s3HNg3LRgj_tfPBENYMy211G2iF3pb03gsofyYjmhliFmtwZtB7_tV36JnchUwa07enqx7QIVigTZ0MMYWbsZNbnDCYhBR-0MVaN8WqVVZBhxTg4UX_2Hyv2sYHfI4oUTOo7ci1Og/s200/idjits5.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Unfortunately, when I searched for “Hammerand” many of the
results were for “hammer and,” as in “hammer and nail.” One such result, dated
December 9, 1887, was titled “Vaccinated for lefthandness,” and I couldn’t
resist finding out what that was about. It turned out to be a short humorous article
about a man named David Sills who was “left handed all over.” According to the article, published in the <b>Dallas Morning News </b>(see below), “Not only does [Mr.
Sills’s] left side boss all the balance of his anatomy, but it controls and
directs his walk, his conversation and his tobacco. In fact, when he saunters
down the street the most casual observer can see at a glance that his entire
right side is badly henpecked, and is keeping in the procession with servile
timidity.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Mr. Sills lefthandedness interested the local doctor who,
for the sake of science, questioned Sills about it. The man told the doctor
that “he was not built that way at the start, or a little earlier, and that he
was vaccinated when quite young with a left-handed scab, and it stuck.” Then he
solemnly told the doctor, “This world has never seen a <b>bald-headed idjit</b> or a left-handed fool.” <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNqkxaSgZgJJuiD4fK9-Dsz0s7I6xZUd7kpqceiB5oFG4OXI3uzWB7ogV7LliYdlbPTBE1LfPMG0FfNpzI-lVZG4Ps8q9TuYxYi265pXN2_0XBvkggsdbLG7weDmyYRyU2rdRyR2UJh_c/s1600/idjits2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNqkxaSgZgJJuiD4fK9-Dsz0s7I6xZUd7kpqceiB5oFG4OXI3uzWB7ogV7LliYdlbPTBE1LfPMG0FfNpzI-lVZG4Ps8q9TuYxYi265pXN2_0XBvkggsdbLG7weDmyYRyU2rdRyR2UJh_c/s320/idjits2.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bobby from the t.v. show Supernatural</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif;">The last sentence popped open my eyes. It has been decades
since I last heard the word “idjit.” I remember saying it when I was a kid,
likely in elementary school, and we called each other idjits. I thought we had
made up the word ourselves, so I was amazed to find it in an article written in
1887. Clearly the word had been around a long time before we used it on the
playgrounds of Jefferson Elementary School.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJiXzb6Eb6kHfvW348nxMXWkAYFpR1162McukHYUajJt6YfbdPfQFFRFqD4aNoLrzXJqPfrxLAasmiYFLBX4XN91nQJdtFfco8Z1UAjWU9gA8wVuiNrhuglpeNlD50HmkXk6kiVpwAdlg/s1600/idjits.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJiXzb6Eb6kHfvW348nxMXWkAYFpR1162McukHYUajJt6YfbdPfQFFRFqD4aNoLrzXJqPfrxLAasmiYFLBX4XN91nQJdtFfco8Z1UAjWU9gA8wVuiNrhuglpeNlD50HmkXk6kiVpwAdlg/s200/idjits.png" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">As I remember the word, it was slang for “idiot.” I am not
sure why we needed a substitute word for idiot, but it did save a syllable and
sounds fresher. Doing the inevitable Google “research,” I found these two
definitions of idjit:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="background: white; color: #2c353c;">Idiot, a person with an intellectual barrier blocking them
from obtaining average intelligence </span><a href="http://www.urbandictionary.com/"><span style="background: white;">http://www.urbandictionary.com/</span></a></span></blockquote>
</div>
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<span style="background: rgb(249, 249, 255); color: #222222; font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif;">Derived from the Irish Slang word
"Eejit", which means a person who is exceedingly Stupid or an Idiot.
It was Americanized and made "country" and slowly was changed into "<b>Idjit</b>" by southerners. </span><a href="http://onlineslangdictionary.com/" style="font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif;"><span style="background: rgb(249, 249, 255);">http://onlineslangdictionary.com/</span></a><span style="background: rgb(249, 249, 255); color: #222222; font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif;"> </span></blockquote>
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<span style="background: rgb(249, 249, 255); color: #222222; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">An academic blog entry explained the origin
and use of the word in Ireland: </span><a href="https://stancarey.wordpress.com/2011/07/22/ijit-idjit-eejit-idiot/" style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">https://stancarey.wordpress.com/2011/07/22/ijit-idjit-eejit-idiot/</a><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> If I looked hard enough, I am sure I could find
a doctoral dissertation written about the word.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1PeU7WhZBpskHUyeOgTbvqcpEPiOzxvo-oPxCYWN03mptXVDidu3OyHcU04mqcwf1lncK9GU-NiT3fLij2XTAjj8Q0iV1_WGJzwU_J3Zhe321Wsry3pglb8CtF_LHvD5MTavCLBAi9d4/s1600/idjits3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1PeU7WhZBpskHUyeOgTbvqcpEPiOzxvo-oPxCYWN03mptXVDidu3OyHcU04mqcwf1lncK9GU-NiT3fLij2XTAjj8Q0iV1_WGJzwU_J3Zhe321Wsry3pglb8CtF_LHvD5MTavCLBAi9d4/s320/idjits3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="background: rgb(249 , 249 , 255); color: #222222; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Even though I had not heard the word in many
decades, the word has continued in circulation. Among its famous uses, Yosemite
Sam called Bugs Bunny an idgit in a 1960s cartoon. And in recent years, Bobby, a
red-neckish baseball-hat wearing character in <i>Supernatural</i>, a television show, often
called Sam and Dean, younger characters in the show, idjits. As a result, the
word has become a minor meme among the <i>Supernatural</i> crowd, and it is displayed on
tee shirts, baseball caps, bracelets, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">It was fun to rediscover this word after so many years and
to learn not only that it survived a journey from Ireland but also that its
longevity extends well over a century. If I were to write an updated definition
of the word, I would illustrate it with a picture of Mrs. Emilie Hammerand of
St. Louis, a friend of Austrian Nazis, who, most assuredly, was not left
handed. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj59EKTY0kLcjn8dvQ10r7nJL8AaOs1U4i8_Dxhmfamo444upPVXEpDji4iyhTcPcBimNm2hSbCbaiYXQT3IZbm_XTE9bzl9PM6lxZ_fPYfmeNvgg8jaC75H12H8TBz3NZirJNUjcLL30/s1600/b5e10e695cae1913acd0b6cbb167f08a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj59EKTY0kLcjn8dvQ10r7nJL8AaOs1U4i8_Dxhmfamo444upPVXEpDji4iyhTcPcBimNm2hSbCbaiYXQT3IZbm_XTE9bzl9PM6lxZ_fPYfmeNvgg8jaC75H12H8TBz3NZirJNUjcLL30/s320/b5e10e695cae1913acd0b6cbb167f08a.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">***************************************<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Thomson Journal, Vaccinated for Left-Handedness<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><b>Dallas Morning News</b>,
December 9, 1887, accessed through Newspapers.com<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">One of the unaccountable peculiarities of our good friend,
Mr. David Sills, is that he is left-handed all over. Not only does his left
side boss all the balance of his anatomy, but it controls and directs his walk,
his conversation and his tobacco. In fact, when he saunters down the street the
most casual observer can see at a glance that his entire right side is badly
henpecked, and is keeping in the procession with servile timidity. The oldest
inhabitant never saw him shove a jack plane with his right hand, and when he
wears a bile it is invariably located to the right of the equator of his
backbone. In you mention the stock law his left eye responds with surprising
vigor, and his snore is known by neighbors as a strictly one-barrel
performance. Mr. Sills is a quiet, unpretentious citizen. He does not carry
around an intellectual headlight to dazzle people and make horses run away. But
he has a head to defy the power of his eloquent <b>hammer. And</b> he is left-handed from away back. Not long since Dr.
Durham, in a laudable pursuit of science, questioned Mr. Sills in reference to
this peculiarity. Mr. Sills replied that he was not built that way at the
start, or a little earlier, and that he was vaccinated when quiet young with a
left-handed scab, and it stuck. Then he solemnly informed the doctor that this
world has never seen a bald-headed idjit or a left-handed fool. In this Mr.
Sills is eminently correct.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
Dan Durninghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10639064524903151404noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-537999101514441161.post-48009504301436921462016-12-16T10:58:00.001-08:002016-12-16T10:58:36.347-08:00Come Hither Keats to Praise the Beauty of European Hotel Breakfasts<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">If I were a poet, I would write an ode to the European
breakfast. Well, more specifically, to the complementary breakfasts served by moderately
priced European hotels (CBSBMPH), at least in the western and northern parts of
the continent. In the ode, I would praise the bountiful nature of the offerings and the richness of the choices. Also, I would rhapsodize how the breakfasts satiate those who partake of them. I might
also contrast those breakfasts with those “served” in similar hostelries in the U.S., where the selection is meager, little is palatable, and
nothing is memorable. Those sugar-based breakfasts are piled onto flimsy paper plates and eaten, amid debris left by earlier
patrons, with flexible plastic utensils. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgrWFAqS93Ae7BpyIuGhwHpiZF5IoquVQJmAOBUX0WDVhuXeYvEijBsTuE2Jq1Px4fsyDmRdIXO910d8qTG2EJdsxODqnPdv6vUg_Pw4hTCmAwHmi7pB2lCTO1Cb3KZEvjq2pDHoxF9AY/s1600/2016-10-31+08.06.16.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="395" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgrWFAqS93Ae7BpyIuGhwHpiZF5IoquVQJmAOBUX0WDVhuXeYvEijBsTuE2Jq1Px4fsyDmRdIXO910d8qTG2EJdsxODqnPdv6vUg_Pw4hTCmAwHmi7pB2lCTO1Cb3KZEvjq2pDHoxF9AY/s400/2016-10-31+08.06.16.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Entrance to breakfast room in Aalborg, Denmark</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">I honed my appreciation of CBSBMPH during my recent Eurail
Pass trip during which I typically stayed at a moderately price hotel near a
train station. The hotels in Germany, Denmark, Norway, France, and Austria
almost always provided breakfast in the price of the room. In Spain and Switzerland,
breakfasts had to be purchased separately. As in the United States, more expensive hotels rarely had complementary breakfasts, instead demanding up to 20 Euros for their breakfast feasts. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">The complementary breakfasts I had during the trip were
usually self service, though the one in Büsum (Germany) was not. There, the waitress described the options and quickly brought the preferred breakfast
to the table with a kännchen of coffee. Elsewhere, breakfast items were
spread across tables and each person piled what he or she wanted to eat
on a plate or two. With few exceptions, drinks were also available for the
taking. A few places served hot drinks Dennys-style, putting a thermos filled with the drink of your choice on the table. However, most often coffee was drawn from a huge machine with many choices (espresso,
cappuccino, etc.), each selected by the push of a button. These automated
machines make good coffee if they are fed fresh coffee beans. Every breakfast offered
a choice of juices, including orange juice.<sup>**</sup> (In the old days,
finding fresh-tasting orange juice in Europe was a challenge. Now, squeezed
orange juice is widely available.)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAvOLan4mSAdaoeNGDvolCDT4SK_sGPmX8DyAf8ZiGsdotZc8Y9MGh_y75Wgnxf-U0OslsfEW7sQLDrtfsFnJ_2916SybvpPljG1BmY6Z90UNo4qbGvdFOWn6DtYt_-E2Tu0yTzaG_vxE/s1600/2016-10-31+08.05.17.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="448" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAvOLan4mSAdaoeNGDvolCDT4SK_sGPmX8DyAf8ZiGsdotZc8Y9MGh_y75Wgnxf-U0OslsfEW7sQLDrtfsFnJ_2916SybvpPljG1BmY6Z90UNo4qbGvdFOWn6DtYt_-E2Tu0yTzaG_vxE/s640/2016-10-31+08.05.17.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">From left to right: scrambled eggs and small wurst, sliced meats, sliced cheese, veggies and fruits, fruit compote, butter/margerine, jams, cereals, bottle water<br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">The breakfast options always included fresh bread (brötchen
in Germany, semmeln in Austria, sliced baguettes in France, and loaves of many
varieties of heavy bread in Denmark and Norway), different varieties of cheese (soft
cheeses predominate in Denmark and Norway, hard cheeses elsewhere), sliced
meats (ham is the most popular), butter (also butter substitutes for the calorie
conscious), different vegetables (sliced peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers, etc.), and many different types of jam. For me, an ideal breakfast
consists of a couple of semmeln or </span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">br</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">ö</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">tchen </span><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">smeared with butter, one eaten with Swiss cheese and ham, the other with a fresh jam.</span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQeqPfMoUAk670e2ze1MepgEbqeRm8lfle1wLiVAGR6dctosKaUxk93cVwzp9dnJmgXBYSImVvYQ1w8YNowGuzxoYyShi90O9jWY-71d4_XefXtIs0l6FLi9YF-fKD6fmUBLdkod1MHVM/s1600/2016-10-31+08.05.29.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQeqPfMoUAk670e2ze1MepgEbqeRm8lfle1wLiVAGR6dctosKaUxk93cVwzp9dnJmgXBYSImVvYQ1w8YNowGuzxoYyShi90O9jWY-71d4_XefXtIs0l6FLi9YF-fKD6fmUBLdkod1MHVM/s640/2016-10-31+08.05.29.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">To the right is a automatic coffee-tea machine and fresh fruit (not pictured are a selection of juices and containers of yoghurt)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Other options for breakfast usually included cereals (granola)
with milk; fruits and nuts to be eaten with yogurt; fruits; and a fruit
compote. Probably more than half of the hotels where I ate breakfast also
offered scrambled or boiled eggs, and many of those also provided bacon or
wurst alongside the eggs (a sign of the Americanization of the breakfasts). At
some hotels there were surprises such as crepes or pastries, and one
hotel had a grill where patrons could fry their own eggs. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio6gBKPJ8xjSOphRL0Mltj7XYEwVDRT3o2ExilTInjADAAQ11vnwgUtd4RY_RMq4DWrx9MpSyi013PUGq0fF7zO9e7hMdo47zg_cXIDs8YOSpMebJTPzCr6DMKTBFmgLWhO5bcoX_8nHI/s1600/2016-10-31+08.05.49.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="442" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio6gBKPJ8xjSOphRL0Mltj7XYEwVDRT3o2ExilTInjADAAQ11vnwgUtd4RY_RMq4DWrx9MpSyi013PUGq0fF7zO9e7hMdo47zg_cXIDs8YOSpMebJTPzCr6DMKTBFmgLWhO5bcoX_8nHI/s640/2016-10-31+08.05.49.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bread selection. Slice bread is popular in Denmark, but it also has rolls </td></tr>
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</span></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">After about 25 hotel-provided breakfasts over 35 days in
October and November, I remain an enthusiastic fan of them. Not one of these breakfasts
was bad or a disappointment. Some were inspiring. In fact, I wish Keats were
around to write a proper ode to the beauty of the CBSBMPH, I am sure it would
bring tears to my eyes. Of course, the tears would not be as voluminous as
those shed the next time I eat a waffle at a Day’s Inn. </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;">Some more pictures of breakfasts:</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEit1rm0uKbu44_BiVSUzM3La9Z5SDUX2I32jDiOCLMgm8yzeAxFGITkzenPJukFT_lf2EhSPWsD90DN8_RVYwplR8s0oP6IlFsksWekQSh_Ff85oAwLXXsfNOlOfqO5a9wM4lga2n4tRX8/s1600/2016-11-17+08.20.32.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="474" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEit1rm0uKbu44_BiVSUzM3La9Z5SDUX2I32jDiOCLMgm8yzeAxFGITkzenPJukFT_lf2EhSPWsD90DN8_RVYwplR8s0oP6IlFsksWekQSh_Ff85oAwLXXsfNOlOfqO5a9wM4lga2n4tRX8/s640/2016-11-17+08.20.32.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Breakfast at a hotel in St. Anton located in the Austrian Alps. At this breakfast, coffee or tea was brought to the table. Bread jams, and juices are straight ahead ; to the right are sliced meats, cheese, yogurt, fruits and veggies; to the left is a warmer containing scrambled eggs </td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg5QPlnKdNgQDlxfHvjKBGR7oQtucMkcVlidiazTBPMaZSSLxhgNyrX8EjBrZmd_4QxfkWJwz4QDLRMW05-0qp5LpqXr5NVYT7LunwSX-qw_CG8IHV5ViIJP8StzVFU1-Vr0DafYhRaz4/s1600/2016-11-19+09.00.41.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg5QPlnKdNgQDlxfHvjKBGR7oQtucMkcVlidiazTBPMaZSSLxhgNyrX8EjBrZmd_4QxfkWJwz4QDLRMW05-0qp5LpqXr5NVYT7LunwSX-qw_CG8IHV5ViIJP8StzVFU1-Vr0DafYhRaz4/s640/2016-11-19+09.00.41.jpg" width="474" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 9.5pt;">Breakfast in
Vienna: Table with sliced meats and cheese, fruits and vegges; to the left is a
griddle on<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><br />
which diners can fry eggs; behind the table are cereals, yogurt, and jams<sup><o:p></o:p></sup></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp4Oe-Xjko606xSwo0s0PfDIEpfN1V1k2RWpRkhWX5Gp7X1a95bc9b6rw5_FFo9TvNG9zJKxKaI9JMYm1H6XEpjlPimGTGsTjPhX2_IvvFOutXu_zs5PCKGUr979zzWbec0t95XmV41dI/s1600/2016-11-19+09.00.51.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="473" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp4Oe-Xjko606xSwo0s0PfDIEpfN1V1k2RWpRkhWX5Gp7X1a95bc9b6rw5_FFo9TvNG9zJKxKaI9JMYm1H6XEpjlPimGTGsTjPhX2_IvvFOutXu_zs5PCKGUr979zzWbec0t95XmV41dI/s640/2016-11-19+09.00.51.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">At same breakfast in Vienna, a table with breads, pastry, and fresh fruit (also a toaster for sliced bread)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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Dan Durninghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10639064524903151404noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-537999101514441161.post-88352682757775333772016-12-14T12:40:00.000-08:002016-12-14T13:27:51.846-08:00The Season of Justin and J.D.<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; text-align: center;"> Among Fayetteville High School’s (FHS) many memorable sports teams, the 1961-62 </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; text-align: center;">basketball </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; text-align: center;">team must be rated as one of the best for both its talent and accomplishments.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">The team had a 27–2
record and did not lose a regularly scheduled game to a team in Arkansas. It
was ranked first in the state during most of the basketball season. One of its
players scored more points during the year than any other Bulldog basketball
player had ever scored in a season. Another
set a record for most points scored during his years playing for the FHS team.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> The 1961-62 basketball season belonged to Justin Daniel,
who set the single season scoring record, and J.D. McConnell, who set the
record for most career points by a Bulldog. These two tall, talented basketball players led a dominant team, backed
by a good supporting cast of players, to the best season an FHS basketball team
had ever had. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
</span><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Silk and Wool <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> Both Justin and J.D. were extraordinary athletics, but in
different ways. Though both were tall, J.D. was a finesse player with a
smooth game built on deceptive, deadly passing skills, a classic jump shot, and
elusive drives to the basket. J.D. glided up and down the court exerting little
apparent effort. With his head turned to the right, he would spot a
teammate open on the left and hit him in stride for an easy layup or short jump
shot. His was a thinking man’s game, more the nuance of small moves than
the bombast of slam dunks. For him, the action was not only in front of
him but also on the periphery of his vision, where a teammate might break free
or an opponent become inattentive. Then came a quick pass, a solid
screen, or a sudden jump shot, usually with good results. </span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> Besides his fluidity and uncanny passing, J.D. had one
other huge advantage playing guard and, sometimes, forward. He was
usually much taller than the player guarding him, while just as quick. He was 6
feet 4½ inches in a league where guards rarely reached six feet and forwards
were only a little taller. When J.D. was at the guard position, it often
seemed an adult was playing with kids. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> Justin was not a finesse player. If J.D. was silk,
Justin was scratchy wool. At 6 feet 4 inches, a little shorter than J.D.,
his job was in the middle with his back to the basket, getting rebounds and
taking the ball to the basket with alacrity. Yet, he also had, when
needed, a delicate touch with his jump and hook shots.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> Justin typically was guarded by the opponent’s tallest
player, so he rarely dominated his matchups with superior height -- many teams
had centers as tall as him or taller. Justin did his damage with a hard
charging game of getting the basketball, whatever it required, and putting it
into the basket, however it needed to be done. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> Justin got his height
early. I know because he was my cousin, who lived just a few blocks away, both
of us within a half-block of Jefferson Elementary School. Although he was
four years older, I saw him often in my grade school years because I sometimes
hung out with his brother Morris, who was only a year older than me. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">I think I was in the third or fourth grade
when Justin -- who was already tall -- had such a fast-growing spurt that, for
a while, he found it difficult to do such basic tasks as bend over and tie his
shoes. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> During my first year in Little League (I was 9 and Justin
was 12), he was a terrifying baseball player. He was by far the best player in
the league and famous for how hard he pitched and for hitting eye-popping home
runs at the Fayetteville City Park that not only left the field, but went over
the street and hit a big apartment building a few hundred feet away. If you
were a batter facing his fast ball, you went to the plate regretting that your
mother had let play baseball so young. If you were a pitcher standing barely 40
feet away from this guy, you had to fear for your life. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> I learned much about how to play baseball from Justin,
Morris, my cousin Jerry Durning (aka Monk, who was a very good catcher), and
others who lived in the south part of town. On Sundays during the school
year, and almost any time during the summer, pickup games were formed on the
lower field of Jefferson. Justin lived just a few steps from this field and
usually was one of the people who picked the teams.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> In those games, which were great fun, we were scared
about one thing in particular: We feared that Justin would hit a ball about
350 feet over the trees in left field and break the picture window of the car
repair shop across the street. If that happened, we would all be in big trouble.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> Later, for a couple of summers, Justin, Morris, Jerry and
I (and others) played “sock ball” using the Jefferson building as a backstop.
I think Justin started game; I continued playing it years after he quit.
The first step in the game was to make the sock ball. To do that, we cut open an old golf ball and
extracted the little rubber ball in the middle.
Then we took old socks with holes in them and started wrapping them
around the little ball. With two or
three socks properly wrapped around the little rubber ball, then sewn together,
you had a baseball size “sock ball” with some heft, but also one that would not
travel too far when hit or hurt too much if it hit you. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> A strike zone was drawn in chalk on the side of the building
and a batter’s box outlined on the asphalt. Some rocks were set down
around an imaginary infield to delineate where a ball, if passing there on the
ground, would be a hit. Otherwise, grounders were outs as was anything
caught in the air. A fence beckoned for home runs. Other
trajectories of hit balls were subject to prolonged, sometimes bitter, debate
as to whether they were hits or outs. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> The main thing to avoid in the game was hitting a hard
line drive to the left of third base, which could bust a window. Mr.
Tincher, the Jefferson custodian, was a really nice guy, but he had to charge
you 50 cents for a window replacement, and that was enough to buy a few visits
to the Palace Theater. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> And so we played a schedule of round robin games, kept
standings, and had fun for a summer or two, until Justin and Jerry outgrew sock
ball and went on to organized sports. I still traded baseball cards with
Justin every once in a while, but once you get into high school you don’t want
to mess around with kids.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> The
year that Justin was terrorizing the Little Leagues, I was on the McIlroy Bank
team with J.D. I have a picture somewhere that proves it, but without
that I would not remember it for sure. The picture shows that J.D. was
plenty tall when he was 12 years old. With the age difference, we weren’t
pals.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">One Fine Team</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
<!--[endif]--></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> In addition to Justin and J.D., the 1961-62 FHS team had
several very good athletics. One of them was George Coppage, who excelled
in football and was not afraid of contact on the basketball court. You could
usually count on him to give you four good fouls a game. He was listed in
the program as 6’ 2’’. I doubt he was quite that tall. (Coach Smith
listed me as 6 feet 1½ inches three years later, which would have been true
only if I had been measured standing on a very thick book.) After he
graduated, Coppage was signed by Frank Broyles to play football for the
Arkansas Razorbacks.</span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> The
team also had Freddie Rice, a junior who was listed at 6’ 7’’, taller than
either Justin or J.D. Freddie played forward because the center position
was already occupied, and he had several high scoring games. Though Freddie
lacked some of the athletic ability of Justin and J.D., he was good enough to
get a University of Arkansas basketball scholarship after he graduated in 1963.
He averaged over 14 points a game for freshman Razorback team and had a
memorable game in which he broke the record for most points scored in a game by
a UA freshman. He played a few games his sophomore year at UA, but did not
return after that.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">The picture of the team shows one African-American
player, Thomas Lackey. I do not know if he played in any games during the
season. Likely, FHS’s Arkansas opponents had no black basketball players
and, at this time, would not have taken too kindly to integrated teams. (That
was still true in 1964-65 when we played against teams from segregated high
schools in Hot Springs, El Dorado, Texarkana and other cities.) Also, FHS
likely would not have been able to play a black player in the Arkansas state
tournament. (In 1964, Robert Wilks and Louis Bryant were the first
African-Americans to play in the Arkansas state basketball tournament.)</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">The schools in Missouri probably had
African-American players during the 1961-62 school year, so Lackey may have
played in some games against those teams</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">The Season </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> The season was one of streaks. Fayetteville won its
first fifteen games, lost its 16th in Missouri, then won twelve straight.
Early in the season, the team was ranked first in the state by the two
major polls that did such rankings. It stayed at number one through the
end of the regular season.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> I
attended a few of the games and listened to Wally Ingles broadcast many others.
When FHS played at home, the gym was packed.
The action was inspiring for a fledgling basketball player like me.
Justin always looked confident, though often scowling; apparently he was
frequently irritated at something or someone. J.D. was always relaxed, moving around like he
was taking a stroll between classes. (One thing that struck me about J.D.: big feet. His shoes seemed twice as long as
mine.) Both Justin and J.S. had plenty of swagger on and off the court.</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD9ImjhwrjuYb2-6ZAAAgT4r6ShNnMp8Swnmhok-5B8oT_fPmx1DLGu0kholDhjLOrzULwPH0G7Zlu3GBRkvfwG6lrH4h1uoB0gOUt4TtumZC5p8QezelHHg-MNWpTctM1GzWSPCHMRyU/s1600/IMAG0294.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="492" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD9ImjhwrjuYb2-6ZAAAgT4r6ShNnMp8Swnmhok-5B8oT_fPmx1DLGu0kholDhjLOrzULwPH0G7Zlu3GBRkvfwG6lrH4h1uoB0gOUt4TtumZC5p8QezelHHg-MNWpTctM1GzWSPCHMRyU/s640/IMAG0294.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">From FHS Yearbook. Justin is shooting, J.D. (42) and Coppage (back to camera)are running in to rebound. <br />
I think No. 14 is Troy Steele and no. 40 is Freddie Rice</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> One
other FHS player that I particularly liked to watch was Troy Steele, a 5’ 10” (or
smaller) guard who was quick and a hustler. At least early in the season,
he played quite a bit and seemed to energize the team. Sadly for the
team, he was no longer playing for F.H.S. at the end of the season and missed
the state tournament. He had to leave the team because he got married during
the season and was expelled from the high school.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> As I watched the two dominant players on the court, and
thinking about it later, I often wondered how Justin and J.D. got along.
They had such different personalities (cool vs. intense) and backgrounds
(north Fayetteville white collar vs. south Fayetteville blue collar), I doubted
that they were inclined to be close friends. I never found out if there were any conflicts
between the two. I hope that they saw each other as good teammates and had
healthy doses of mutual respect. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> After winning the Ozark Conference and going undefeated
in Arkansas, FHS traveled to Little Rock in early March to play in the state
tournament. I am sure that the team
members and Coach Smith expected to win the state AA-AAA championship. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> FHS easily won its first two games. The second game
was against the Green County Tech Eagles, whom they beat 66 -59, though they
did not shoot very well. Their scoring for that game was:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Player FG/FGA FT/FTA Rebounds
Fouls Total Points</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Rice 5-13 2-4 17 3 12</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Coppage 3-9 2-2 3 4 8</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Daniel 6-12 2-2 10 1 14</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Faucette 3-6 4-8 5 5 10</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">McConnell 4-10 3-4 10 0 11</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Backus 5-7 1-2 5 2 9</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Stuckey 0-2 0-0 2 0 0</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Adams 0-1 0-0 0 2 0</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Durham 1-1 0-1 2 0 2</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Allen 0-0 0-0 0 1 0</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">TOTAL 26-61 14-23 62 19 66</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
<br />
<!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br />
<!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> The stats show that Freddie Rice had big game with 17
rebounds and 12 points. Justin and J.D. had so-so nights for them, but
Coppage, Faucette and Backus had joined with Freddie to make up the
difference. Coppage had his usual four
fouls.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">The next game was the tournament semi-final game against North
Little Rock, which had a 21–6 record.
Over 7,000 people showed up at Barton Coliseum to watch it. The night was frustrating for the FHS
Bulldogs. Though NLR was smaller, it out
rebounded the Bulldogs and, according to the <u>Northwest Arkansas Times</u>
account, intercepted “seven key passes.”
Clearly, the team suffered from the loss of Troy Steele as a ball
handler.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> Fayetteville lost the game by 59-54, but had chances at
the end to pull out a win. Ultimately, the
game was decided by free throws. FHS hit 10 of 15 free throws while NLR
made 19 of 25. In comparison, FHS made 22 baskets while NLR made 20.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Both
J.D. and Justin had big games, scoring 42 of FHS’s 54 points.
Unfortunately, the other FHS players were mostly shut out, unlike during the
previous game. Only four players scored points. Here is the FHS box
score for the game:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Player FG/FGA FT/FTA Rebounds
Fouls Total Points</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Rice 2-8 2-2 4 2 6</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Coppage 2-5 2-2 2 4 6</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Daniel 7-10 4-8 7 2 18</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Faucette 0-0 0-0 0 2 0</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">McConnell 11-18 2-9 9 2 24</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Backus 0-4 0-0 0 2 0</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Stuckey 0-1 0-0 1 2 0</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Durham 1-0 0-0 0 0 0</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Allen 0-0 0-0 0 0 0</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">TOTAL 22-46 10-15 62 16 54</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br /><br />
<!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> Though the season ended sadly for the FHS team, it still
was a fabulous year. This team had the
best winning percentage in the history of FHS basketball team. The next
closest was a 28-3 record in 1947-48. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> During
the season, Justin scored more points (504) than had ever been scored in a
season by an FHS player. Also, J.D. set the
record for the most career points scored by an FHS player (869). Both were
showered with honors, including all-district and all-state. Both were selected to play in the Arkansas
High School All Star game in August 1962. </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYtdq98QWibAdXTCWOGMPlWs0tTuQwN0sXLdxha3Sv5WPcC4rHdmjn3qZCrIn6W0zkZ_8_0_W1hoVNQVheS8TT30BFhbhD03hmMr1q41MBlLIeeCQSaPqTi3e37utgPUZVa1EsMKrvOrM/s1600/scholarship.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="576" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYtdq98QWibAdXTCWOGMPlWs0tTuQwN0sXLdxha3Sv5WPcC4rHdmjn3qZCrIn6W0zkZ_8_0_W1hoVNQVheS8TT30BFhbhD03hmMr1q41MBlLIeeCQSaPqTi3e37utgPUZVa1EsMKrvOrM/s640/scholarship.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> Although
Kentucky scouts had come to watch J.D. play, he (apparently, I don’t know for
sure) did not receive a basketball scholarship offer from them. According
to the <u>NWA Times</u>, both Justin and J.D. received basketball scholarship offers
from the University of Arkansas and some smaller schools. Some people
expected Justin to sign to play professional baseball. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> Both
accepted the UA basketball scholarships. They were joined at UA by two Arkansas
players who also were in the 1962 Arkansas All-Star basketball game: Ricky Sugg
of Berryville and Steve Rousseau of Dewitt, Arkansas. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">And After The Season</span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> Justin
and J.D. played on the Razorback freshmen basketball team (the Shoats) during
the 1962-3 season. At the time, freshmen were not eligible to play
varsity sports. In a dozen games, J.D. scored 156 points, 13.1 points per
game. Justin scored 116 points, averaging less than ten a game. He
decided not to return for his sophomore year.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> One day, I think it was in late summer 1963, I got a call
from Bubba McCord who told me that a baseball scout who was thinking about
signing Justin to a pro contract wanted to see him in a tryout. The guy
asked if we would help him with it. I was needed to pitch to Justin and Bubba
would catch. Of course, I jumped at the chance.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> When
we showed up at the fairgrounds, it was clear that I was much more nervous
about Justin’s tryout than Justin, who seemed to be nonchalant about the whole affair.
Bubba and I did our best to impress the scout while Justin did his thing.
I tried to throw strikes so Justin could blast them, which he did.
Justin was sufficiently impressive: he signed a professional
contract with the Kansas City Royals.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> In
1964, at the age of 19, he played for Wytheville, VA in the Rookie League.
His stats are on-line: he hit .288 in 212 at bats with seven
doubles, 3 triples, and 4 home runs. Not bad, but before the season was
over, he was sent home. The word was that he had an injury.</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> During
the next ten years, Justin was a top player in the Northwest Arkansas
Industrial Basketball League and on Fayetteville semi-pro baseball teams.
In 1964-65, he averaged almost 30 points a game in basketball and in 1965
his baseball team, Ken’s Sporting Goods, won the semi-pro title with the
benefit of his pitching and hitting (including two home runs in the final game).
In 1971, Justin was the MVP in the Arkansas semi-pro baseball tournament
and his team, Farmers Insurance Group, won the state championship. And on
it went year after year. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt; line-height: 200%;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> At
some point, I think it was in the early 1970s after I had left Fayetteville,
Justin started a business dealing in baseball cards. This grew into a
retail business selling sports cards and memorabilia, with a store, Justin’s
Clubhouse, just off of College Avenue. Justin ran the business until his
death in 2006, at the age of 61.</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiATzDtFl1OuxJ7WbBFMnEZcjBArcUKMtSe8CufNCwnxIpYCO4jlacp3hBgQNpDxMMjIpPoJsXUD3vkbNG7VtUryylMIkKD-Q8wTp99MaTmKIUU38-1qYsPwPECvjD4M_JBUlCTLju0Jpo/s1600/JDFreddy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiATzDtFl1OuxJ7WbBFMnEZcjBArcUKMtSe8CufNCwnxIpYCO4jlacp3hBgQNpDxMMjIpPoJsXUD3vkbNG7VtUryylMIkKD-Q8wTp99MaTmKIUU38-1qYsPwPECvjD4M_JBUlCTLju0Jpo/s640/JDFreddy.jpg" width="513" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">J.D. and Freddie Rice as Sophomore Razorbacks, 1964</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> J.D.
had a good four seasons with the University of Arkansas basketball team.
His stats for the four years are as follows (from
HogStats.com): <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> GP FG-FGA
Pct FT-FTA Pct Reb Avg PF
Pts Avg<br />
1962-63+ 12
69-156 .442
18-25 .720 131 10.9 23 156 13.1<br />
1963-64 23
80-187 .428
19-33 .576 123 5.4 40 179 7.8<br />
1964-65 22
99-227 .436
43-63 .683 153 7.0 44 241 11.0<br />
1965-66 23
120-259 .463 37-46
.804 196 8.5 47 277 12.0<br />
-------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
Total 68
299-673 .444 99-142
.697 472 6.9 131 697 10.3<br />
+ Stats on freshman team, not included in totals</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> After graduating from UA, J.D. studied medicine and
became an M.D. When I was living in Little Rock in the 1970s, I would
occasionally see him at the Y.M.C.A or at some city league basketball game. I
do not know where he is now or what he is doing. However, when I googled
“J.D. McConnell” and Little Rock recently, I got a picture showing a tall,
gray-haired guy with big feet hitting a drive at a Little Rock golf course. It was J.D. The picture’s caption was: “J.D. McConnell of Little Rock watches
his tee shot on the first hole while playing a round of golf with friends on a
spring-like day at War Memorial Park in midtown Little Rock, January 31, 2011.”
He retired and, the last I heard, was doing quite well. </span> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><br />
</span>February 10, 2011 (updated, December 12, 2016)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Birch Bay, Washington<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
Dan.birchbay@gmail.com<o:p></o:p></div>
Dan Durninghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10639064524903151404noreply@blogger.com0